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1、BARRIER MANAGEMENTIN THE AQUACULTURE INDUSTRYGUIDELINEGUIDELINE Barrier management in the aquaculture industrySustainable operations require good risk management,which inturn contributes to greater operational success.The objective ofthis guideline is to provide the industry with the basic buildingb
2、locks for introducing barrier management as a tool to reducerisk for fish escape and fish health.IntroductionThe aquaculture industry has ambitionsto expand,but sustainable growth isthreatened by challenges such as fishescape,sea lice and fish health.Newconcepts for offshore and onshorefacilities ar
3、e being developed to increaseproduction and reduce some of thesechallenges.However,irrespective of thetype of facility and technical solutionchosen,the industry will always beexposed to the risk of losses,in the formof fish escaping or dying.The Norwegian Ministry of Trade,Industry and Fisheries str
4、ategyfor preventing and reducing the impact of fish escape specifiesthat both the industrys fundamental understanding of risk andthe way in which the industry handles risk must change.One ofthe Ministrys focus areas is the creation of more effective safetyregulations,which include barrier management
5、.This means asystem that set requirements to the barriers and relevant and1effective processes that identify,and compensate for,weaknessesin the barriers.Systematic barrier management may contribute toRisk reduction through control of the barriersAchieving targets through better control of unwanted
6、eventsthat lead to lossesSimplified interaction between the authorities and the industryThe enabling of a more risk-based auditing regimeThis guideline is based on normal operation of an aquaculturefacility in the sea phase but can also be used for different types offacilities throughout the entire
7、value chain.The guideline is based on work carried out by DNV Group Researchand Development as well as input from industry players and theNorwegian authorities.The guideline has references to Norwegianlegislation.3GUIDELINE Barrier management in the aquaculture industryContentsIntroduction36Barrier
8、management,what is it?How barrier management is compatible with prevailing regulationsHow to ensure systematic and effective barrier managementDefine and establish barriers1012142125262932Monitor and assess how well the barriers workEnsure the barriers performance and mitigate weaknessesHow to succe
9、ed in barrier managementAnnexDefinitions5GUIDELINE Barrier management in the aquaculture industryBarrier management,what is it?Operational activity atthe facility:Managing risk is a key issue for allcompanies.While we know unwantedevents will occur,we do not know when,or the extent of the consequenc
10、es.Havingsystematic processes in place to identify,analyse and handle the companys risks isnot only a requirement,but also a necessity,for sustainable and profitable operations.t Technical conditiont Operational executiont Activity levelDesign and construction:t Design loadst Operational assumptions
11、t Safety systemt Robustness of the designFigure 1.Example of factors which influence the risk level for fish escape and fish health.6GUIDELINE Barrier management in the aquaculture industryOperation of an aquaculture facility involves the risk of eventswhich may lead to fish escaping or dying.Barrie
12、rs are introducedto avoid or minimize the risk of such events.The risk exposure depends on the facility beingoperated in accordance with the assumptions andrestrictions resulting from these factors,such as thedesign loads for the net pen and floating collar.Thisrisk will not be greatly affected by t
13、he activity at thefacility.Barriers are measures needed to identify and prevent theoccurrence of unwanted events and to reduce the consequencesof an event if it occurs.The activity at the facility contributes to a more variablerisk exposure compared to the risk from the designand construction.This r
14、isk is affected by,for example,the level of activity,wear and tear and age of thefacility,simultaneous operations,physical strains asa result of operations and the external environment,the involvement of external resources,experienceand knowledge.The combination of these elementscreates a complexity
15、 that makes it difficult to obtain anoverview of how individual risk factors contribute to theoverall risk exposure and makes it difficult to managethe risk.Barrier management is managing risk by controlling the barriersneeded for handle the risks one is exposed to.Threats or hazards that may lead t
16、o fish dying or escaping oftencomprise a complex sequence of events,which arise as a resultof the failure of several barriers at the same time.This is oftendue to a combination of underlying factors and active triggeringmechanisms.An overall understanding of the barriers required,how they should fun
17、ction,and what is required in order for them tobe effective,is essential in improving control and getting a betteroverview of the potential risks.The risk of fish escaping and risk to fish health are governed by twomain elements (i)the risk resulting from the facilitys design andconstruction,and(ii)
18、the risk resulting from the activity at the facilityand external factors,as illustrated in Figure 1.Having an overview of the risk through control of thebarriers requires a systematic and continuous process,which includes monitoring the barriers condition.If abarriers performance is weakened,this wi
19、ll be easier toidentify,and implement good mitigating measures tocompensate for the increased risk.The facilitys design and construction must take into account theconditions at the site,and these will in turn affect the functionaland strength requirements for the equipment and componentsthat are to
20、be used.7Probabilityreducing barriersConsequencereducing barriersThreat 1Threat 2Threat 3Consequence 1Consequence 2Consequence 3Consequence 4UnwantedeventThreat 4Figure 2.Bowtie diagramGUIDELINE Barrier management in the aquaculture industryWith land-based aquaculture facilities and aquaculture oper
21、ationsoffshore and in exposed areas,the facilities and systems become morecomplex.This requires a better understanding of the risks,the courseof events leading up to an unwanted event,and the barriers required.Barrier management is a good tool for ensuring that correct andsufficient barriers are inc
22、luded in the design and construction ofthe facility.Barrier management contributes to a more holistic and dynamic riskmanagement across authorities areas of responsibilities and,throughthis,simplify and improves efficiency.Barrier management simplifies the communication of risk andcontributes to inc
23、reased awareness and knowledge of the elementsthat affect the risk.The bowtie diagram illustrated in Figure 2 visualizesthe link between threats,consequences,unwanted events andassociated barriers.The unwanted event is at the centre of the bowtiediagram,with consequences or losses on the right and t
24、hreats thatcan lead to an unwanted event on the left.The barriers that reduce theprobability and consequences of the event are also shown.The status of the barriers condition,often visualized in a bowtiediagram,will provide important information on the status of thecompanys risk exposure and will gi
25、ve a better basis for risk-baseddecisions,plans and operations.9How barrier managementis compatible withprevailing regulationsBarrier management is a method thatwill contribute to fulfil the intentions andrequirements for managing risk as specified inthe industrys prevailing regulations.However,by u
26、sing different tools and processes to thosecurrently used by the industry today.Barrier managementInternal controls/operational risk managementRisk managementCorporate governanceGUIDELINE Barrier management in the aquaculture industryIn addition to the internal control regulations,the AquacultureOpe
27、rations Regulations4stipulate that:risk assessments must be conducted with a view to minimizingthe risk of fish escapingCorporate governance,risk management and internal control are intendedto ensure a good and safe operation of aquaculture facilities.Wheremanging risk at operational level is a key
28、part of the internal control,barriermanagement is an integral element of risk management.any fish escape must be detected as quickly as possible tokeep the number of escaped fish as low as possibleCorporate governance consists of the structures,processes and toolsused to manage a companys activities
29、,resources and risks.This includesmanagement processes such as internal control,the following-up of results,and risk management.there must be an emergency preparedness plan with anoverview of how fish escapes can be discovered and limitedthere must be an emergency preparedness plan with anoverview o
30、f measures to prevent and,if relevant,handle fishdeaths due to harmful algae and jellyfishThe internal control regulations governing aquaculture stipulate that2systematic management and improvement work must be continuouslycarried out to ensure that aquaculture facilities operate in accordance witht
31、he requirements of the aquaculture legislation.if there is significant danger of harm or unavoidable stresscaused by predators,algae or jellyfish,measures to ensuresatisfactory conditions for the fish must be implemented.This means that the operation of an aquaculture facility must be satisfactoryfr
32、om a technical,biological,environmental,and a fish health and welfareviewpoint.Internal control is primarily about“doing things correctly”-Fulfilling these requirements in the Aquaculture OperationsRegulations forms part of risk management.Systematic workmust be done to reduce the probability and co
33、nsequences ofidentified risks.Correctly dimensioned emergency preparedness,coupled with a good emergency preparedness plan,minimizeconsequences and losses.according to the stated goals and requirements.3The requirements for internal control stipulate that hazards and problemsmust be identified and t
34、he associated risk must be assessed.Risk reducingmeasures must be identified and a plan for implementation must beprepared.The internal control requires facilities to have processes inplace that ensure good risk management,where effects on the externalenvironment,fish health and fish welfare are con
35、cerned.Risk managementincludes all the measures and activities carried out to manage the risk andthus help the company achieve its targets.By documenting that the facility has the necessary barriers,thecompany can demonstrate how it discovers,prevents and handlesunwanted events.By showing that the b
36、arriers are effective,thecompany can also demonstrate that the risk is under control,dueto risk-reducing measures that are followed up and monitored.11How to ensure systematicand effective barriermanagementBarrier management should be part ofthe work of designing and constructing afacility and shoul
37、d be continued during theoperational phase.The barrier managementprocess starts off by identifying hazards andanalysing the facilitys risks.This work createsthe context and basis for the barriers anddefines the need for barriers.Effective barrier managementincludes three processes:1.Define and estab
38、lishbarriers2.Monitor and assess thebarriers performance3.Ensure the barriersperformanceGUIDELINE Barrier management in the aquaculture industry1.2.Define and establish barriers:t Identify and define barrierst Define performance requirements for the barriert Map the performance-influencing factorsWh
39、ile designing a facility,process 1 is the vital basis for a safe facility.Processes 2 and 3 are to help ensure that,once it is built,the facilityactually has barriers that are well-defined and meet with performancerequirements.Once in operation,the main focus will be on ensuring thatthe barriers rem
40、ain effective and continue to function as intended.The management of risk at a location is a repeating process,withchanges taking place continuously.These may be changes to theframework conditions,changes to the facilitys design or assumptions,or changes in the facilitys activities,bringing about ne
41、w risk elements,which require a different approach to risk handling and follow-up thanbefore.This may affect how the barriers function,or which barriers mustbe present and followed up,in order to get risk under control.Monitor and assess the barriers performance:t Define a method for verifying the b
42、arriert Establish a monitoring programme forfollowing up the barriers performancet Carry out a monitoring programme and assessthe barriers performanceChanges may make it necessary to update the risk picture througha structured hazard-identification and risk-analysis process.In thisscenario,processes
43、 1 and 2 should be followed in order to adjust andadapt the barriers,and their performance requirements,ensuring thatthe barriers remain proportional to the overall risk picture.3.Ensure the barriers performance:For existing facilities in operation,barriers,and the requirements setfor these barriers
44、,will be identified in process 1.In addition,process1 will be used to map whether the facilitys existing barriers,and therequirements set for these barriers,are enough to mitigate risks.t If the barrier is weakened,plan and carry outactivities to restore the barriers performancet Evaluate the risk a
45、nd consider whether riskreducing measures must be implemented untilthe barriers performance has been restoredA more detailed description of the processes is given in the followingchapters.13GUIDELINE Barrier management in the aquaculture industryUnwanted eventThreatRiskA hole in the net external fac
46、torsA predator chews onthe netA predator makes a holein the net,fish escapeDefine andestablish barriersFlotsam gnaw on the netThe net is sabotagedFlotsam creates a hole inthe net,fish escapeNet sabotage createsa hole in the net,fishescapeFish poaching,fishingequipment tears a holein the netFish poac
47、hingequipment tears a holein the net,fish escapeThe starting point for identifying andestablishing a facilitys barriers are the risksidentified and analysed in the facilitys riskassessment.Systemising the risks definesthe range and scope of unwanted events,and associated threats and consequences,tha
48、t the barrier management will be usedto control.Unwanted eventThreatRiskA boat collides with thefacility passing trafficThe net pens location isnot according to markingon draughtThe net pens physicallocation is not accordingto the draught,a passingboat collides with thefacility,fish escapeFaulty nav
49、igation bypassing vesselsA passing vesselnavigates wrongly andcollides with the facility,fish escapeA drifting boat(enginebreakdown)A boat whose engine hasbroken down drifts intothe net pen,fish escapeTable 1.Example of risks and unwanted events14GUIDELINE Barrier management in the aquaculture indus
50、tryA barrier is defined as the measures whose function isto identify and prevent unwanted events from occurring,and to reduce the consequences should the event occur.The function,defined as the barrier function,describeswhat the barrier exists to do.Technical barrierelementEquipment and systems invo
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