2021届高考模拟预测练习卷（一）英语试题（全国I卷）.pdf

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1、202 1年 高 考 模 拟 预 测 练 习 卷(一)英 语 试 题本试卷共9 页，满 分 120分，考试时间9 0 分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第 一 节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AGrand Canyon P

2、ark Ranger ProgramsGuided Cedar Ridge Hike7 am Daily(Meet at the South Kaibab Trailhead)A 3-mile(4.8km)hike on an unpaved path.Allow 4 hours.Minimum 2 liters of water per person.Bringsalty snacks,sunscreen,and wear hiking shoes.Not recommended for people with heart problems,or difficultywalking.Foss

3、il Discovery Walk9 am Daily(Meet at the Bright Angel Trailhead sign)Walk among sea creatures that lived on this part of the continent 270 million years ago,before the age ofthe dinosaurs.This easy l/2-mile(0.8 km)one-way walk explores an exposed fossil bed.Critter Chat9:30am Daily(Meet at Grand Cany

4、on Visitor Center)Learn about some of the Grand Canyons diverse wild creatures who survive here in this place of extremechanges in exposure and climate.Wheelchair accessible.Family friendly.Geology Walk3:30 pm Daily(Meet at Yavapai Geology Museum)Learn how the Grand Canyon formed while exploring Yav

5、apai Geology Museum during this shortintroductory talk.Why is it so deep,wide,and grand?Why does it exist only here and nowhere else in theworld?Consider walking the Trail of Time following the program.Note:Children must be accompanied by an adult in all programs.All programs are free of charge.1.Wh

6、at might you do in the program starting at 7 am?A.Go on a hike.B.Look for dinosaur fossils.C.Learn more about climate change.D.Walk the Trail of Time.2.Which program is friendly to people with difficulty walking?A.Guided Cedar Ridge Hike.B.Fossil Discovery Walk.C.Critter Chat.D.Geology Walk.3.Where

7、do you meet fbr the program introducing the formation of the Grand Canyon?A.At the South Kaibab Trailhead.B.At the Bright Angel Trailhead sign.C.At Grand Canyon Visitor Center.D.At Yavapai Geology Museum.BOn paper,hydrogen（H2）looks like a dream fuel.Coal,oil,and natural gas produce carbon dioxide,wh

8、ich warms the earth when burned,Hydrogen produces pure water.Hydrogen packs more energy into lessspace than a battery（but certainly less than petrol）.Also,empty tanks（燃料箱）can be refilled withhydrogen much faster than refilling empty batteries with electricity.While in practice,things are trickier.St

9、oring a meaningful amount of hydrogen gas requires pressing itseveral hundred-fold.Changing it into the liquid form is another option,but it should be cooledto-253C.Both processes require a heavy and strong tank.While a 700 bar tank is acceptable for a city bus ora truck,adapting it for use in small

10、 vehicles is very difficult because the pressure during refilling would be toogreat.The solution?Powerpaste.A German team of researchers,led by Marcus Vogt,have come up with an interesting powerpaste,which can store hydrogen energy at atmospheric pressure,ready for release when needed.It is so named

11、because it comes in tubes and looks like toothpaste（牙膏）,not in its traditional form of gas.The main ingredient（原料）of the paste is magnesium hydride,a substance that reacts with water toform hydrogen.The escaped hydrogen can then be directed into a fuel cell,where it reacts with oxygen fromthe air to

12、 produce electric power.Refueling is very simple,as instead of going to a filling station,drivers and riders can simply replace anempty tube with a new one and refill the water tank.02/11Given that powerpaste only begins to break down at temperatures of around 250 it remains safe evenwhen a vehicle

13、stands in the baking sun for hours.However,we will have to be patient.J ust because researchers have succeeded in developing a new fuelingway does not mean that we can expect to see such vehicles on the road anytime soon.It will indeed be severalyears before this concept is turned into reality.4.As

14、a fuel,what is the advantage of hydrogen over oil?A.Refilling empty tanks will be more convenient.B.It is less likely to worsen global warmingC.More energy can be packed in the same space.D.It will produce pure water for people to drink.5.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A.The practical difficulties

15、 to use hydrogen as fuel in small vehicles.B.The detailed processes of adapting a strong tank in small vehicles.C.The differences in fueling between large vehicles and small ones.D.The tricks of building strong tanks in small vehicles.6.The author mentions the refueling process to show that powerpas

16、te is.A.inexpensive B.powerful C.convenient D.environment-friendly7.Why does the author call on the readers to be patient?A.Powerpaste-driven vehicles sometimes move very slowly on the road.B.Practical use of powerpaste-driven vehicles will not come very soon.C.Powerpaste-driven vehicles can only wo

17、rk after being in the sun for hoursD.It will be years before the researchers work out the concept of powerpaste.CWell,to pick up where we left off last time,I believe all of you know now how plastics developed.But apiece of sad news,every year about 8 million metric tons of plastic is thrown into ou

18、r oceans.Thats as much asa truckload of plastic waste every minute.As you may know,plastic waste chokes and hooks turtles andseabirds.Worse still,plastic pieces are often mistaken for food by marine（海洋的）animals.Tiny pieces ofplastic are even blocking the stomachs of marine creatures and fish.Accordi

19、ng to Plastic Oceans,packaging accounts for just over 40%of total plastic usage.Annuallyapproximately 500 billion plastic bags are used worldwide.More than 1 million bags are used every minute.14%of all litter comes from beverage containers（plastic bottles）.Sadly,a plastic bag has an average working

20、 life99of 15 minutes.Over the last 10 years we have produced more plastic than during the whole of the last century.Plastic takes 500 years to break down.Once it enters our environment,it stays there.This is why it is important to stop using plastic items that we use for about 15 minutes before we d

21、isposeof it.Hopefully,we can help put an end to plastic pollution by choosing not to use single use plastic items,suchas plastic bags and straws.And this J uly,people around the world will take a pledge（请愿）to live a plastic freelife.You can either give up the top four-straws,bottles,bags and coffee

22、cups or you can refuse as muchsingle use plastic as you can every day.Another way to help reduce the problem is to take part in beachclean-ups.On the first Saturday of every month Clean C,an initiative that gets volunteers to clean up ourbeaches,hosts beach clean-ups on beaches across Cape Town.You

23、can find details of upcoming events ontheir website.8.What was probably talked about last time?A.The history of plastics.B.The creation of plastics.C.When plastics was made.D.How plastics was created.9.What can be inferred from the second paragraph?A.Plastic packaging is still on the rise.B.Plastic

24、bottles are the most serious global problems.C.Plastics can break down within centuries.D.Single-used plastics contributes to ocean pollution.10.The underlined phrase dispose of can be replaced by.A.take control of B.go in forC-get rid of D.watch out for11.What is the writing purpose of the text?A.T

25、o appeal to factories to stop making plastics.B.To call on people to refuse plastic pollution.C.To organize activities to clean up the beaches.D.To gather volunteers to protect the marine animals.DPhysical activity is important in preventing cardiovascular（心血管的）disease in young people so long asthey

26、 dont undertake very intense activity on days when air pollution levels are high,according to a recentlyreleased study.04/11Until now,little has been known about the relationships between the health benefits of physical activitytaking place outdoors and the potentially harmful effects of air polluti

27、on.Previous research by the authors ofthe current study had investigated the question in middle-aged people at a single point in time,but this is thefirst time that it has been investigated in young adults aged between 20-30 years over a period of severalyears.In addition,the researchers wanted to s

28、ee what happens when people increase or decrease their physicalactivity over time.At each health check-up,the participants completed a questionnaire asking about their physical activity inthe past seven days and this information was changed into units of metabolic equivalent task(MET,代谢当量任务)minutes

29、per week(MET-mins/week).The participants were divided into four groups:0,1499,500999 and 1000 or more MET-mins/week.People are recommended to do 500-999MET-mins/week and this can be achieved by;for example,running,cycling or hiking for 15-30 minutes fivetimes a week,or brisk walking,doubles tennis o

30、r slow cycling for 3060 minutes five times a week.The researchers used data to calculate annual average levels of air pollution,in particular the levels ofsmall particulate matter that are less than or equal to 10 or 2.5 microns in diameter,known a PM 10 and PM25.Overall,the results show that physic

31、al activity is associated with a lower risk of developingcardiovascular disease among young adults.However,when air pollution levels are high,exercising beyondthe recommended amount may offset or even reverse the beneficial effects.The study cannot show that airpollution causes the increased cardiov

32、ascular risk,only that it is associated with it.12.What can we know from Paragraph 2?A.Outdoor physical activity harms our health.B.Exercising isn9t advised on serious air pollution days.C.A first in-depth survey has been done on young adults.D.Middle-aged people have been the ideal research target.

33、13.How do the results come out?A.By doing research on young adults.B.By collecting PM 10 and PM2.5 data.C.By making experiments on middle-aged people.D.By studying a questionnaire on physical activity.14.What do we know about the result?A.Air pollution leads to cardiovascular disease.B.Cardiovascula

34、r disease relates to air pollution.C.More physical exercise benefits young people.D.Young adults seldom develop cardiovascular disease.15.What would be the best title for the passage?A.Physical activity&air pollution:when to do more or less physical activity.B Physical activity&health bene fit:how t

35、o prevent cardiovascular diseaseC.Physical activity&air pollution:what to do with high air pollution levelsD.Physical activity&health benefit:how to maximize the health benefits of exercising第 二 节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满 分12 5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。The year 2020 marks the beginning of the

36、 decade of the yold,or the young old，as the J apanese callpeople aged between 65 and 75,who continue to work and stay socially engaged.16.The yold are morenumerous,healthier and wealthier than previous generations of seniors.17.Of the 3.7 years of increased life expectancy（预期寿命）in rich countries bet

37、ween 2000 and 2015,says the WHO,3.2 years were enjoyed in good health.Working is one of the factors that are helping peoplestay healthy longer.A German study found that people who remain at work after the normal retirement agemanage to slow the cognitive（认知的）decline.The yold are also better off,whil

38、e the wealth of all other agegroups declined.The yold are not just any group of old people They are challenging the traditional expectations of theretired as who are wearing indoor shoes and look after the grandchildren.18.They become one of the fastestgrowing group for airline business.They spend m

39、uch more,when taking a foreign holiday,than young adults.So they are vital to the Tourism industry.They are also changing education and finance Because of theimportance of pensions,the yold are transforming insurance companies from passive distributors of fired annuities（年金）to financial service prov

40、iders for customers who want to manage their pension pots moreactively.19.They find that older workers have,if anything,slightly above-average productivity and that teams ofworkers from multiple generations areall.Societiesductive of all.Societies should be better off because publicspending on healt

41、h and pensions should be lower than expected,as people work longer and need less medicalcare.Today,some big things will have to change,under pressure from the yold themselves.The most important06/11is public attitudes towards older people and in particular the expectation that 60-somethings ought to

42、 quietlyretire into the background.20.The yold will demand that companies become more age-friendly and,in theprocess,help change attitudes towards aging itself.A.Healthy yold people will require great changes in health spending.B.Many companies discriminate against older workers by offering training

43、 only to younger ones.C.The rise of the yold will definitely be a blessing to both culture and economy.D.Health worsens with age,but the yold are resisting the decline better than most.E.Many bosses think productivity falls with age,but studies in Germany suggest otherwise.F.That will disturb consum

44、ers,service and financial markets.G.The yold,in their new appearance as the young old,are expected to change the world.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第 一 节（共 15小题；每小题1 分，满 分 15分）Yardley has a long history as a community that cares.For the past four decades,the members of StAndrews community service center have

45、 been selfless,21 meals for elderly and shut-in residents in theregion every month.Barbara enjoyed this 22 twice.When I broke both my legs,the service center fed my husband andme in such abundance（丰富）that with great gratitude I had to say 23 J she says.My husband 24asked me to break my legs every mo

46、nth because he 25 the food.*When he passed away,the cards andcalls were H 26 Barbaba says.They helped her know she was never 27A disaster happened,ending their proud 37-year 28 of making meals together,but it didnt break thespirit of 29 far from it.Instead,the volunteers in the service center took t

47、o 30 in their homes,Soon,volunteers weremeals each week.And many ingredients in those meals were 32 In spring.St Andrewsprovided seeds tomatoes,beans,basil,and more to Yardley residents to 33 at home.The gardenersthen brought their vegetables back to the center to 34 with it.What a spread of 35!That

48、9s what makes Yardley charming!21.A.orderingB.fixingC.cancellingD.fetching22.A.generosityB.experienceC.pleasureD.chance23.A.good byeB.go aheadC.stopD.welcome24.A.seriouslyB.finallyC.frequentlyD.jokingly25.A.preparedB.lovedC.neededD.disliked26.A.endlessB.soundlessC.valuelessD.fruitless27.A.defeatedB.

49、aloneC.disappointedD.upset28.A.wayB.habitC.contributionD.practice29.A.fightingB.sacrificeC.givingD.sport30.A.cookingB.cleaningC.washingD.planning31.A.planning forB.taking awayC.serving upD.wolfing down32.A.handmadeB.homegrownC.selfbuiltD.manmade33.A.keepB.sellC.plantD.water34.A.shareB.workC.dealD.fi

50、ll35.A.powerB.lifeC.helpD.love第 二 节(共 10小题；每小题L 5 分，满 分 15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month.This is the first full moon of the newyear,36(symbol)unity and perfection.Lantern Festival is an important part of Spring Festival and37.(m