201906六级真题（第三套）.docx

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1、 2019 年 6 月大学英语六级考试真题（第 3 套）Part IWriting(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of teamspirit and communication in the workplace. You should write at least 150 words but no morethan 200 words._Part Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)说明：

2、由于 2019 年 6 月六级考试全国共考了 2 套听力，本套真题听力与前 2 套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。Part Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.

3、 Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line throughthe centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 a

4、re based on the following passage.Steel is valued for its reliability, but not when it gets cold. Most forms of steelbrittle (脆的) at temperatures below about -25 unless they are mixed with other metals. Now,though, a novel type of steel has been developed that resists 27 at much lower temperatures,w

5、hile retaining its strength and toughness - without the need for expensive 2826become.Steels fragility at low temperatures first became a major concern during the Second World War.After German U-boats torpedoed (用鱼雷攻击) numerous British ships, a 2700-strong fleet ofcheap-and-cheerful “Liberty ships”

6、was introduced to replace the lost vessels, providing a lifelinefor theAtlantic, and 12 broke in half and sank.Brittleness remains a problem when building steel structures in cold conditions, such as oil rigs in29British. But the steel shells of hundreds of the ships30in the icy norththe Arctic. So

7、scientists haveas nickel.31to find a solution by mixing it with expensive metals suchYuuji Kimura and colleagues in Japan tried a more physical32 . Rather than adding othermetals, they developed a complex mechanical process involving repeated heating and very severemechanical deformation, known as t

8、empforming.The resulting steel appears to achieve a combination of strength and toughness that isthat of modem steels that are very rich in alloy content and, therefore, very expensive.33to Kimuras team intends to use its tempformed steel to make ultra-high strength parts, such as bolts.They hope to

9、 reduce both the number of 34 needed in a construction job and their weightby replacing solid supports with 35 tubes, for example. This could reduce the amount of steelneeded to make everything from automobiles to buildings and bridges.A) abruptlyB) additivesC) approachD) ardentlyE) besiegedF) chann

10、elI) crackedJ) fracturesK) hollowL) relevantM) reshuffledN) strivedO) violentG) comparableH) componentsSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph f

11、rom whichthe information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph ismarked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.The future of personal satellite technology is here - are we ready for it?A) Satellites used to be the excl

12、usive playthings of rich governments and wealthy corporations.But increasingly, as space becomes more democratized, they are coming within reach of ordinarypeople. Just like drones (无人机) before them, miniature satellites are beginning to fundamentallytransform our conceptions of who gets to do what

13、up above our heads.B) As a recent report from the National Academy of Sciences highlights, these satellites holdtremendous potential for making satellite-based science more accessible than ever before.However, as the cost of getting your own satellite in orbit drops sharply, the risks of irresponsib

14、leuse grow. The question here is no longer “Can we?” but “Should we?” What are the potentialdownsides of having a slice of space densely populated by equipment built by people nottraditionally labeled as “professionals”? And what would the responsible and beneficialdevelopment and use of this techno

15、logy actually look like? Some of the answers may come from anonprofit organization that has been building and launching amateur satellites for nearly 50 years.C) Having your personal satellite launched into orbit might sound like an idea straight out ofscience fiction. But over the past few decades

16、a unique class of satellites has been created that fitsthe bill: CubeSats. The “Cube” here simply refers to the satellites shape. The most commonCubeSat is a 10cm cube, so small that a single CubeSat could easily be mistaken for a paperweighton your desk. These mini-satellites can fit in a launch ve

17、hicles formerly “wasted space.”Multiples can be deployed in combination for more complex missions than could be achieved byone CubeSat alone. D) Within their compact bodies these minute satellites are able to house sensors andcommunications receivers/transmitters that enable operators to study Earth

18、 from space, as well asspace around Earth. Theyre primarily designed for Low Earth Orbit (LEO)an easily accessibleregion of space from around 200 to 800 miles above Earth, where human-tended missions like theHubble Space Telescope and the International Space Station (ISS) hang out. But they can atta

19、inmore distant orbits; NASA plans for most of its future Earth-escaping payloads (to the moon andMars especially) to carry CubeSats.E) Because theyre so small and light, it costs much less to get a CubeSat into Earths orbit than atraditional communications or GPS satellite. For instance, a research

20、group here at Arizona StateUniversity recently claimed their developmental small CubeSats could cost as little as $3,000 toput in orbit. This decrease in cost allows researchers, hobbyists and even elementary schoolgroups to put simple instruments into LEO or even having them deployed from the ISS.F

21、) The first CubeSat was created in the early 2000s, as a way of enabling Stanford graduatestudents to design, build, test and operate a spacecraft with similar capabilities to the USSRsSputnik (前苏联的人造卫星). Since then, NASA, the National Reconnaissance Office and evenBoeing have all launched and opera

22、ted CubeSats. There arc more than 130 currently in operation.The NASA Educational Launch of Nano Satellite program, which offers free launches foreducational groups and science missions, is now open to U.S. nonprofit corporations as well.Clearly, satellites are not just for rocket scientists anymore

23、.G) The National Academy of Sciences report emphasizes CubeSats importance in scientificdiscovery and the training of future space scientists and engineers. Yet it also acknowledges thatwidespread deployment of LEO CubeSats isnt risk-flee. The greatest concern the authors raise isspace debrispieces

24、of “junk” that orbit the earth, with the potential to cause serious damage ifthey collide with operational units, including the ISS.H) Currently, there arent many CubeSats and theyre tracked closely. Yet as LEO opens up tomore amateur satellites, they may pose an increasing threat. As the report aut

25、hors point out, evennear-misses might lead to the “creation of a burdensome regulatory framework and affect thefuture disposition of science CubeSats.”I) CubeSat researchers suggest that nows the time to ponder unexpected and unintended possibleconsequences of more people than ever having access to

26、their own small slice of space. In an erawhen you can simply buy a CubeSat kit off the shelf, how can we trust the satellites over ourheads were developed with good intentions by people who knew what they were doing? Some“expert amateurs” in the satellite game could provide some inspiration for how

27、to proceedresponsibly.J) In 1969, the Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation (AMSAT) was created in order to foster hamradio enthusiasts (业余无线电爱好者) participation in space research and communication. Itcontinued the efforts, begun in 1961, by Project OSCAR a U.S.-based group that built andlaunched the v

28、ery first nongovernmental satellite just four years after Sputnik. As an organizationof volunteers, AMSAT was putting “amateur” satellites in orbit decades before the currentCubeSat craze. And over time, its members have learned a thing or two about responsibility. Here,open-source development has b

29、een a central principle. Within the organization, AMSAT has a philosophy of open sourcing everything making technical data on all aspects of their satellitesfully available to everyone in the organization, and when possible, the public. According to amember of the team responsible for FOX 1-A, AMSAT

30、s first CubeSat, this means that theres noway to sneak something like explosives or an energy emitter into an amateur satellite wheneveryone has access to the designs and implementation.K) However, theyre more cautious about sharing information with nonmembers, as theorganization guards against othe

31、rs developing the ability to hijack and take control of theirsatellites. This form of “self-governance” is possible within long-standing amateur organizationsthat, over time, are able to build a sense of responsibility to community members, as well associety in general. But what happens when new pla

32、yers emerge, who dont have deep roots withinthe existing culture?L) Hobbyists and students are gaining access to technologies without being part of a long-standingamateur establishment. Theyre still constrained by funders, launch providers and a series ofregulationsall of which rein in what CubeSat

33、developers can and cannot do. But theres a dangertheyre ill-equipped to think through potential unintended consequences. What these unintendedconsequences might be is admittedly far from clear. Yet we know innovators can be remarkablycreative with taking technologies in unexpected directions. Think

34、of something as seeminglybenign as the cellphonewe have microfinance and text-based social networking at one end ofthe spectrum, and improvised (临时制作的) explosive devices at the other.M) This is where a culture of social responsibility around CubeSats becomes important - notsimply to ensure that phys

35、ical risks are minimized, but to engage with a much larger communityin anticipating and managing less obvious consequences of the technology. This is not an easytask. Yet the evidence from AMSAT and other areas of technology development suggests thatresponsible amateur communities can and do emerge

36、around novel technologies. The challengehere, of course, is ensuring that what an amateur communities considers to be responsible, actuallyis. Heres where there needs to be a much wider public conversation that extends beyondgovernment agencies and scientific communities to include students, hobbyis

37、ts, and anyone whomay potentially stand to be affected by the use of CubeSat technology.36. Given the easier accessibility to space, it is time to think about how to prevent misuse ofsatellites.33347. A group of mini-satellites can work together to accomplish more complex tasks.8. The greater access

38、ibility of mini-satellites increases the risks of their irresponsible use.9. Even school pupils can have their CubeSats put in orbit owing to the lowered launching cost.0. AMSAT is careful about sharing information with outsiders to prevent hijacking of theirsatellites.41. NASA offers to launch Cube

39、Sats free of charge for educational and research purposes. 42. Even with constraints, it is possible for some creative developers to take the CubeSattechnology in directions that result in harmful outcomes.43. While making significant contributions to space science, CubeSats may pose hazards to othe

40、rspace vehicles.444. Mini-satellites enable operators to study Earth from LEO and space around it.5. AMSAT operates on the principle of having all its technical data accessible to its members,preventing the abuse of amateur satellites.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each p

41、assage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Youshould decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the f

42、ollowing passage.When I re-entered the full-time workforce a few years ago after a decade of solitaryself-employment, there was one thing I was looking forward to the most: the opportunity to havework friends once again. It wasnt until I entered the corporate world that I realized, for me at least,b

43、eing friends with colleagues didnt emerge as a priority at all. This is surprising when youconsider the prevailing emphasis by scholars and trainers and managers on the importance ofcultivating close interpersonal relationships at work. So much research has explored the way inwhich collegial ( 同 事 的

44、 ) ties can help overcome a range of workplace issues affectingproductivity and the quality of work output such as team-based conflict, jealousy, undermining,anger, and more.Perhaps my expectations of lunches, water-cooler gossip and caring, deep-and-meaningfulconversations were a legacy of the last

45、 time I was in that kind of office environment. Whereasnow, as I near the end of my fourth decade, I realize work can be fully functional and entirelyfulfilling without needing to be best mates with the people sitting next to you.In an academic analysis just published in the profoundly-respected Jou

46、rnal of Management,researchers have looked at the concept of “indifferent relationships”. Its a simple term thatencapsulates ( 概 括 ) the fact that relationships at work can reasonably be non-intimate,inconsequential, unimportant and even, dare I say it, disposable or substitutable.Indifferent relati

47、onships are neither positive nor negative. The limited research conducted thus farindicates theyre especially dominant among those who value independence over cooperation, andharmony over confrontation. Indifference is also the preferred option among those who aresocially lazy. Maintaining relationships over the long term takes effort. For some of us, too mucheffort.As noted above, indifferent relationships may not always be the most helpful approach inr