高三上学期七选五专练小卷（五）.docx

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1、中学七选五专练小卷（五）（北京市清华大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期12月月考英语试题）We love to mimic the routines of the rich and famous, but they may be no more insightful than random behaviors. Beethoven, for example, counted exactly 60 coffee beans for each cup, which he used to power his composing.Why do successful people follow

2、 unusually specific habits? And why are we so keen to read about them and mimic them in our own lives?The answer lies in a powerful psychological process called “superstitious learning”. 121 While it is mostly correct, it sometimes mistakes coincidence for causality (因果关系) leading us to attribute su

3、ccess to something arbitrary (主观的) as the color of our notebook, rather than our own talent or hard work.That is not to say the resulting habits are completely lacking in benefits. 122 If superstitious behaviors arise as a by-product of our ability to form associations, then you would expect more su

4、perstitious people to perform better on implicit learning the brains ability to non-consciously pick up patterns and this was exactly what Elena Daprati, a neuroscientist at the University of Rome Tor Vergata found. “Superstitious individuals generally pick up on the cue and use it,” she says. 123 C

5、reative tasks are especially common with uncertainty which may explain why thinkers like Beethoven adopted specific behaviors to get their thoughts flowing.Often, the rituals that we acquire take very little effort. 124 Although the initial association with success may have been illusory (幻想的) the p

6、ositive mindset that it produces really does improve our performance the next time so we do it again and again. 125 If the action costs nothing and helps you to feel a bit more in control of your day, its perfectly rational to continue.AThe brain is constantly looking for associations between two ev

7、ents.BDaprati suggests this may even be the reason that we persist in these behaviors.CGiven these findings, we need not be embarrassed by the little rituals that pepper our days.DIn some cases, when the association influences high-level decision-making, superstitious learning may be costly.EThe sci

8、entific study of superstitious learning began in the late 1940s, with an influential paper by an American psychologist.FIn everyday life, this associative learning might lead us to settle on a “lucky” pen that seems to deliver particularly good grades in exams.GBy giving us a sense of self-determina

9、tion, the adoption of rituals can help us to overcome anxiety, and may even bring about a noticeable boost in performance.（江苏省徐州市2022-2023学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题）Each place on this planet has its own unique traits culture and customs. In addition, different locales have their own languages and dialects. 12

10、6 As people travel more frequently, they exchange goods and ideas. Thus, the blending of cultures has become easier and more commonplace. In the age of globalization, one may argue that language acts as a barrier to communication. Individual dialects may divide people even further. 127 Dialects are

11、important for international business. Read on to learn how. DIALECTS RETAIN IDENTITYMany cultures use different words or pronunciations for the same thing. 128 Many times, exact translations are impossible. For example, one language may have a specific word for something, while another does not. If

12、each language were standardized with the same set of words and pronunciations, cultures would lose their identities. DIALECTS HELP SPREAD CREATIVITYNew words spread freely throughout different cultures thanks to world travel and the internet. In our modern society, each person can travel to experien

13、ce new things. By learning new languages and dialects, a person expands his or her mind. Opening ones mind promotes creativity. 129 Therefore, as we interact internationally, these exchanges lead to innovations. DIALECTS INCREASE INDEPENDENCE 130 Even though a small group is part of a larger whole,

14、their unique form of expression sets them apart. Their uniqueness provides them a sense of independence. Oftentimes, people from a specific area take pride in their dialect. Differences enhance cultural diversity and increase independence. Without diversity, our world would not progress in business

15、or technology. Our world needs dialects and individual expression to keep cultures alive for future generations. Preserving dialects is good for creativity, innovation, and business.AThe free exchange of ideas leads to new ideas.BUnique pronunciations help give a culture its identity.CA dialect, by

16、definition, is specific to a region or group.DWhen exchanging ideas, they feel comfortable speaking dialects.ETherefore, a standardized language is crucial in the communication.FHowever, dialects express the unique qualities of a particular region.GLanguage and dialects preserve the unique cultural

17、elements of a given place.（北京市朝阳区2022-2023学年高三上学期期中英语试卷）Some people prefer to have a bite to eat before hitting the gym, known as a fed workout. Others would like to wait until after exercising to refuel their bodies, called a fasted workout. 131 Many experts say theres no easy answer because it dep

18、ends on the person.If you want energy and strength for an ideal workout, you need fuel. A fed workout will provide your body with power. Eating before exercise may help you sustain longer sessions and lift heavier weights. 132 Muscle preservation is also an essential component of strengthening your

19、body. Nitrogen (氮) is critical for processing protein that builds healthy muscles. People tend to lose less nitrogen during a fed workout than a fasted one.Many fitness enthusiasts are not on board with this idea. They report feeling sick and inactive while trying to exercise after eating. With a fa

20、sted workout, you may not get the usual indigestion. Experts for fasted workouts further claim that eating afterwards makes your body use its fat reserves for energy, meaning you will burn more fat. 133 It can cause a sudden drop in your blood glucose (葡萄糖) levels, and you may feel dizzy. You may ev

21、en be more likely to overeat. 134 Not all foods are created equal. For example, if you choose a fed workout, youll probably lose a lot of water during an intense training, so you should consider drinking some beforehand. With a fasted workout, it would help if you had some nutrition right after your

22、 session is complete. Drink some water. Then, have a light meal or nutritional snack.Deciding when to eat for an ideal workout is a personal choice. Both fasted workouts and fed activities have their benefits and shortcomings. 135 AHowever, a fasted workout might not work for you.BHow your body will

23、 respond is based on your workout intensity.CThese benefits can result in burning more fat and shaping a slimmer body.DTo eat or not to eat, that is the question on many fitness enthusiasts minds.EThink thoroughly and discuss with your fitness instructor before taking a choice.FKnowing what to eat f

24、or an ideal workout is just as important as knowing when to eat.GA person doing a 30-minute session a day may not have a problem with fasted workouts.（江苏省南京市秦淮中学、宇通实验学校等六校2022-2023学年高三10月学情调研英语试题）For many years, public schools taught only Euro-American cultural values and neutralized or ignored othe

25、r cultural heritages. Textbooks minimized problems among groups and taught a sanitized version of history. It was assumed that everyone in the American melting pot would eventually lose or abandon those ethnic characteristics that distinguished them from mainstream Americans. 136 Current textbooks a

26、bsorb a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success. Struggles for equality are vividly depicted, and past racism is frankly acknowledged. Cultural pluralism (多元性) is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education, and children in American schools learn that variety an

27、d cultural diversity are assets (资产). 137 Elementary school students learn not only about the traditional Thanksgiving celebration in the United States, but also about other harvest holidays around the world. They learn that African tribal farmers observe harvest festivals to thank their ancestors f

28、or keeping them well and sending rain. The moons birthday is the start of the Chinese harvest festival called Chung Chui, in which the Chinese give thanks and remember a victory over an invading army. In India, Hindu women honor Gauri, the goddess of the harvest and the protector of women. 138 Korea

29、ns offer prayers for good harvests on Tano Day, and in Switzerland and Sweden, children carry lanterns made from vegetables to celebrate their harvest holiday. Middle School and high schools include literature from around the world offering alternative perspectives on social problems and significant

30、 historical events. Ethnic studies departments can be found in high schools and colleges. 139 There is some evidence that attempts at multicultural education are working. In the United States, for example, graduation rates are up. The share of high school students taking a core of academic subjects

31、increased from 13 percent to 47 percent in the past decade. The gap between whites and minorities test scores has narrowed. These accomplishments may well be attributed to educators who daily confront diversity in their classrooms and have identified the central issues in educating a culturally dive

32、rse population. 140 AHere are some approaches to multicultural education.BThose issues deal with learning style difference, language diversity, and gender.CIn Africa, due to extremely hot weather, Africans suffer a lot.DConcrete examples of teaching diversity can be found at every grade level.EToday

33、, however, schools routinely teach the experience and values of many ethnic cultures.FIn Japan, thanksgiving is a national holiday and a time to give thanks for blessings.GMany schools further require that students take courses in cultural diversity.（广东省汕头市金平区2022-2023学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题）Elon Musks star

34、t-up was an internet company called Zip2 on his fathers investment (投资). 141 Things got so bad for Elon at one point that the only bed he could afford was the couch in their start-ups office. However, he eventually found some investors who saw promise in the company and its useful city guide mapping

35、 software. In 1999, he sold the company for $307 million.After selling the company, Musk earned 22 million dollars. He went on to invest that money into his next venture. It was a financial services company he co-founded called X.com. 142 Just three years after starting up X.com, lining it up with P

36、ayP, he sold it off to eBay for $1.5 billion.Thanks to eBay, Musks net worth would grow to be $123 million. At this point Musk couldve retired early and lived happily ever after. 143 Musk invested most of the newfound millions into two companies. One of them was Tesla Motors, an electric transportat

37、ion. 144 145 And his commitment paid off. Tesla, is now one of the most valuable companies in the world and SpaceX is worth near $100 billion.AAnd this is what Musk actually did.BBut thats not how legends are made.CThis time he was favored by good fortune.DThe second one was Solarcity, a solar energ

38、y company.EThat was a time when Musk had to struggle financially.FMusk poured his money, blood, sweat, and tears into both companies.GThe other was SpaceX, a company on commercial space exploration.（北京市北京大学附属中学2022-2023学年高一下学期3月月考英语试卷）What Makes Art Valuable?Why do people buy art? An even bigger que

39、stion is, why do people pay tens of millions of dollars to own art? Is it for status, prestige(威望), and approval from peers? One thing to remember is that value isnt only linked to its artist quality. 146 ProvenanceIn the art world, an artworks value can be the result of provenance. In other words,

40、who has owned the painting in the past. 147 The masterpiece went from a value of less than $10,000 when David Rockefeller first owned it, to upwards of $72 million when it was later sold by Sothebys.The Thrill of Auction(拍卖)The salerooms at Christies or Sothebys are full of billionairesor better yet

41、, their advisors. 148 They know when to bump up a lot and when to slightly tip the scales. Theyre running the show and its their job to make sure the highest bidder(出价者)has a shot and that values soar.Historical SignificanceHistorical significance works in a couple of ways when it comes to determini

42、ng the value of art. Firstly, you can consider the piece in terms of its importance to art history in its genre. For example, a painting by Claude Monet is worth more than other more recent impressionist work since Monet changed the standard of art history and impressionism as a whole. 149 After all

43、, art is often a reflection of the culture of its time and as it became a product, art was affected by political and historical changes. 150 Whether in a perfect storm of passion and desire or a calculated risk of business deals and rewards, art collectors continue to spend millions upon millions ea

44、ch year at art auctions. What makes art valuable beyond the cost of supplies and labor? We may never truly understand.AWorld history also affects the value of art.BIts interesting to explore what makes art valuable.CIt seems as though all of these factors combine to determine the value of art.DAucti

45、oneers are skilled salesmen who help raise those prices up and up and up.EIts obvious that changes in polities have a historical effect on the value of art to different people.FFor instance, art describing beautiful women tends to be sold for higher prices than that of beautiful men.GFor example, Ma

46、rk Rothkos White Center was owned by the Rockefeller family, one of Americas most powerful dynasties.参考答案121E 122G 123F 124B 125C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了人们之所以喜欢模仿富人和名人的日常行为，是因为有一种叫做“迷信学习”的强大心理过程。如果由此产生的习惯对个人有一定的好处，那就可以继续使用。121根据上文“The answer lies in a powerful psychological process called “superstitious

47、learning”.(答案在于一种叫做“迷信学习”的强大心理过程)”可知，E. The scientific study of superstitious learning began in the late 1940s, with an influential paper by an American psychologist.(对迷信学习的科学研究始于20世纪40年代末，当时一位美国心理学家发表了一篇颇具影响力的论文)能够承接上文，符合题意。上文提出概念，接着解释了对这一概念的研究。故选E项。122根据上文“That is not to say the resulting habits a

48、re completely lacking in benefits.(这并不是说由此产生的习惯完全没有好处)”可知，空格处应陈述其产生的好的结果。由此可知，G. By giving us a sense of self-determination, the adoption of rituals can help us to overcome anxiety, and may even bring about a noticeable boost in performance.(通过给我们一种自我决定的感觉，采用这些习惯可以帮助我们克服焦虑，甚至在表现上有明显提高)能够承接上文，符合题意。故选G项。123根据下文“Creative tasks are especially common with uncertainty which may ex