2023年英语专八真题及其答案.docx

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1、TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2023)-GRADE EIGHT-PART ILISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION AMINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to compl

2、ete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given tvvo minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may req

3、uire a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically & semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes.Paralinguistic Features of LanguageIn face-to-face communication speakers often alter their tomes of voice or change their physical postures in order to

4、 convey messages. These means are called paralinguistic features of language, which fall into two categories.First category: vocal paralinguistic features(4)(5)A. (1): to express attitude or intentionB. Examplesneed for secrecy deep emotion unimportance anxiety1. whispering:2. breathiness:3. (2)4. n

5、asality:5. extra lip-rounding: greater intimacy Second category: physical paralinguistic features A. facial expressions1. (3)smiling: signal of pleasure or welcome2. less common expressionseye brow raising: surprise or interestlip biting: (4)B. gesturegestures are related to culture.1. British cultu

6、reshrugging shoulders: (5)scratching head: puzzlement2. other culturesplacing hand upon heart:(6)(6)pointing at nose: secretC. proximity, posture and echoing1. proximity: physical distance between speakerscloseness: intimacy or threat(7): formality or absence of interest(7)Proximity is person-, cult

7、ure- and (8)-specific. (8)2. posturehunched shoulders or a hanging head: to indeicate(9)(9)direct level eye contact: to express an open or challenging attitude3. echoingdefinition: imitation of similar posture(10): aid in communication(10)conscious imitation: mockerySECTION B INTERVIEWIn this sectio

8、n you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.3exhibitSo far as we can tell, all human languages are equally complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is, every language

9、appears to be well equipped as any other to say the things their speakers want to say.456789There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the c

10、ultivation of rice or the engraving of Benares brass. Whereas this is not the fault of their language. The Eskimos can speak about snow with a great deal more precision and subtlety than we can in English, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of those sometimes miscalled primitive) is in

11、herently more precise and subtle than English. This example does not come to light a defect in English, a show of unexpected primitiveness. The position is simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in similar environments. The English language will be just as rich in terms for simil

12、ar kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which English was habitually used made such distinction as important.10Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed the part of

13、the Eskimos1 life. For obvious historical reasons, Englishmen in the nineteenth century could not talk about motorcars with the minute discrimination which is possible today: cars were not a part of their culture. But they had a host of terms for horse-drawn vehicles which send us, puzzled, to a his

14、torical dictionary when we are reading Scott or Dickens. How many of us could distinguish between a chaise, a landau, a victoria, a brougham, a coupe, a gig, a diligence, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury, a carriole, a phaeton, and a clarence ?PART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHTran

15、slate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.挚友关系的存续是以相互敬重为前提的，容不得半点强求、干涉和限制。挚友之间，情趣相投、 脾气对味则合、则交；反之，则离、则绝。挚友之间再熟识，再密切，也不能随意过头，不恭不敬。 不然，默契和平衡将被打破，友好关系将不复存在。每个人都希望拥有自己的私密空间，挚友之间过 于随意，就简单侵入这片禁区，从而引起冲突，造成隔阂。待友不敬，或许只是一件小事，却可能已 埋下了破坏性的种子。维持挚友密

16、切关系的最好方法是往来有节，互不干涉。SECTION BENGLISH TO CHINESETranslate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.I thought that it was a Sunday morning in May; that it was Easter Sunday, and as yet very early in the morning. I was standing at the door of my own cottage. Right be

17、fore me lay the very scene which could really be commanded from that situation, but exalted, as was usual, and solemnized by the power of dreams. There were the same mountains, and the same lovely valley at their feet; but the mountains were raised to more than Alpine height, and there was interspac

18、e （空隙）far larger between them of meadows and forest lawns; the hedges were rich with white roses; and no living creature was to be seen except that in the green churchyard there were cattle tranquilly reposing upon the graves, and particularly round about the grave of a child whom I had once tenderl

19、y loved, just as I had really seen them, a little before sunrise in the same summer, when that child died.PART VI WRITING （45 MIN）Recently newspapers have reported that officials （彳亍政人员） in a little-known mountainous area near Guiyang, Guizhou Province wanted to turn the area into a central business

20、 district （商业中心区）“for Guiyang and invited a foreign design company to give it a n entirely new look. The design company came up with a blueprint for unconventional, super-futuristic buildings. Tis （技术信,息系统）triggered （弓I 起） off different responses. Some appreciated the bold（大月旦的）innovation of the des

21、ign, but others held that it failed to reflect regional characteristics or local cultural heritage（当地文化遗产）.What is your view on this? Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.In the first part of your writing you should state clearly your main argument

22、, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions

23、 may result in a loss of marks.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.THE END一PART ILISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)答案解析及听力原文：SECTION A MINI-LECTUREParalinguistic features of languagesGood morning, everyone. Today well continue our discussion on describing language. Last week we examined such feature

24、s of language as grammar, vocabulary, the sounds of language, etc. In this lecture, well look at another important aspect of language. Perhaps some of you may wonder what is this important aspect of language. Let me tell you. It refers to features of communication that takes place without the use of

25、 grammar and vocabulary. They are called paralinguistic features of language1, These features fall into two broad categories: those that involve voice and those that involve the body.Now, the first category, is what we call vocal paralinguistic features. Vocal features are actually tones of voice. W

26、hile they are, perhaps, not central to meaning in communication in the same way as grammar or vocabulary, they may, nevertheless, convey attitude or intention in some way. Let me give you some examples. The first is whispering, which indicates the needs for secrecy. The second is breathiness. This i

27、s to show deep emotion. The third is huskinesszwhich is to show unimportants. The fourth is nasality. This is to indicate anxiety. The last is extra lip-rounding, which expresses greater intimacy, expecially with babies, for example. So we can see that there are a number of ways of altering our tone

28、 of voice. And when we do this consciously, we do it to create different effects in communication.Now, lets come to the second category, physical paralinguistic features, which involves the body. In addition to convey meanings with tone of voice, we can also express our intentions through the ways i

29、n which we use our bodies. You may ask: what are the ways, then? Let me sight some brief examples. The expression on our face, the gestures we make and even proximity or way we sit, are some of the ways we send powerful messages. About how we feel, or what we mean. Let me explain some of these in mo

30、re detail. First, faciei expression. Facial expression is a powerful conveyer of meaning. We all know smiling is an almost universal signal of pleasure or welcome. But there are other facial expressions that may not be so common. For instance, raising eye-brows -suggest that you are surprised or int

31、erested in something. Other facial actions, such as biting your lip, which indicates that you are deep in thinking, or are uncertain about something; compressing the lips, which show that you are making decisions; and a visible clenching of the teeth, to show that you are angry, are all powerful con

32、veyers of meaning, too. The second in this category is gesture. You see, we use gesture to indicate a wide range of meanings. Though I have to emphasize that the actual gestures we use may be specific to particular cultures. That is to say different cultures have their own favorite gestures in conve

33、ying meaning. Here, a few examples may show you how powerful gestures can be. In British English behavior, shrugging shoulders may indicate an attitude ofdont care) ordont knowv. Crossing your arms may indicate relaxation. But it can also powerfully show you are bored. Waving can mean welcome and fa

34、rewell. While scratching your head may indicate that you are at a loss. In other cultures, placing your hand upon your heart is to indicate that you are telling the truth. Pointing your finger at your nose means its a secret. Thats why we say that gestures are culture bound. The third is proximitv,

35、posture and echoino. Proximitvrefers to the physical distance between speakers. This can indicate a number of things and can also be used to consciously send messages about intent. Closeness, for example, indicates intimacy or threat to many speakers. But distance may show formality, or lack of inte

36、rest. Once again, Id like to say, proximity is also both a matter of personal style, and is often culture bound. So, what may seem normal to a speaker from one culture may appear unnecessarily close or distant to a speaker from another. And standing close to someone may be quite appropriate in some

37、situations such as an informal party, but completely out of place in other situations, such as a meeting with a superior. Next, posture. Posture means the way in which someone holds his or her body, especially the back, shoulders and head, when standing, walking or sitting. A few examples. Hunched s

38、houlders and a hanging head give a powerful indication of whether the person is happy or not. A lowered head when speaking to a superior, with or without eye contact can convey the appropriate relationship in some cultures. On the other hand, direct level eye contact, changes the nature of interacti

39、on, and can been seen as either open or challenging. Last, echoing. Now, what is echoing? Let me start with an example. Some of you may have noticed this phenomenon in your experience. When two people are keen to agree each other, they would likely, though unconsciously adopt the same posture, as if

40、 an imitation of each other. They sit or stand in the same manor. When used in this way, echainaappears to comulement the verbal communication. Of course, when such imitation is carried out consciously, it often indicates that someone is marking at another speaker.Ok, in todays lecture, we looked at

41、 some paralinguistic features, such as tone of voice, gesture and posture. These features, together with linguistic features of language, like grammar, or vocabulary, are all part of the way we communicate with each other in face to face encounters. In our next lecture, well watch some video materia

42、l, and see how people actually use paralinguistic means in communication to express their intention or desire or mood.整理一下，整篇文章的要点特别清楚：I. Vocal Paralinguistic Features1. whispering- the needs for secrecy2. breathiness- deep emotion3. huskiness- unimportants4. nasality- anxiety5. extra lip-rounding-

43、greater intimacyII. physical paralinguistic features1. facial expression- powerful conveyer of meaning. e.g.l smiling: pleasure or welcome e.g.2 raising eye-brows: surprised or interested in something e.g.3 biting your lip:deep in thinking/ uncertain about something e.g.4 compressing the lips: makin

44、g decisions e.g.5 clenching of the teeth: angry2. gesture- culture bound-e.g.l shrugging shoulders: I dont care, or I dont know e.g.2 crossing your arms: relaxation/ bored e.g.3 waving: welcome and farewell e.g.4 scratching your head: at a loss e.g.5 placing your hand upon your heart: telling the tr

45、uth e.g.6 pointing your finger at your nose: its a secret3. proximity, posture and echoing1) . proximity: personal style & culture bounde.g.l closeness: intimacy, threate.g.2 distance: fomality, lack of interest2) . posture: the way in which someone holds his or her body e.g.l Hunched shoulders and

46、a hanging head: happy or not e.g.2 A lowered head, eye contact: the appropriate relationship e.g.3 direct level eye contact: open or challenging3) . echoing: to complement the verbal communication运用各种自己熟识的笔记符号，将上述列表中的内容快速登记来，只可以更少，不能更多。许多学生在考场 上抱着贪多的心理，事无巨细均想记录，反而在不停笔中错过了该要记住的要点。1 tones of voice 2 h

47、uskiness 3 universal signal; 4 thought or uncertainty 5 indifference 6 honesty 7 distance; 8 situation; 9 mood; 10 unconsciously same postureSECTION B INTERVIEW1. C2. A3. D4. A 5.C6. B7.C8. D9. D10. APART II READING COMPREHENSION11. A 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D 16. C 17. C 18. A 19. D 20. B21. A 22. B

48、23. B 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. D 29. A 30. CPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)31. Which of the following is INCORRECT答案 D： The British Constituiton includes one single written constitution答题技巧：首先留意题干INCORRECT,依据常识推断英国宪法为不成文宪法；故本题选择D,其他选项更为 细微环节，干脆忽视跳过。常识背景：不文纂法是指不具有统一法典形式，而散见于多种法律文书，宪法判例和宪法惯例的宪法。不成文宪法的最 显著特征在于，虽然各种法律文件并未冠以宪法之名，却发挥着宪法的作用。英国是典型的不成文宪法国家。英国是不成文法国家，没有宪法典，但不是没有宪法。英国宪法是不成文的。而犯罪人进监狱并不是依据宪法, 而是依据刑法。英国刑法也是不成文的，英国是判例法国家，从前的判例对于定罪量刑作用相当大。英国还有陪审 团，定罪方面由12人的陪审团依据详细案件过程来确定，一旦定罪，法官依据先例和阅历来量刑。32. The first city ever founded in Canada is答案 A： Quebec答题说明：这个题目其实比较偏