现在分词作状语过去分词作状语表语宾补定语外语学习语法 _外语学习-语法 .pdf

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1、V-ing(现在分词)作状语 v-ed/done(过去分词)作状语，表语，定语,宾补.现在分词的形式 形式 主动形 式 被动形式 否定形 式 一般式 doi ng be ing done not doing/be ing done 完成式 havi ng done having been done not havi ng(bee n)done 二.现在分词作状语 辨析：动词的-ing 形式和动词不定式作结果状语的区别。句子功能 例句 1 作时间状语，相当于 whe n,while,as,after 等弓丨导 的时间状语从句 Crossing the road,the old man was k

2、nocked over by a car.=When he was crossing the road,the old man was knocked over by a car.2 作原因状语，相当于 as,because,s ince 等弓丨导的原 因状语从句 Having eaten too much he couldnt go to sleep.=Because he had eate n too much,he could nt go to sleep.3 作条件状语，相当于 if,o nce,u nless 等引导的条件 状语从句 Using your head,youll fin

3、d a good way.=If you use your head,youll find a good way.4 作方式或伴随状语，相当于 and连接的并列谓语动词。Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way.=Four people entered the room and looked around in a curious way.5 作结果状语，可扩展为有并 列谓语的句子。It rained heavily,causing flooding in that city.=It rained heavily

4、so it caused flooding in that city.6 作让步状语，相当于 although,though,eve n if,even though引导的让步状 语从句 Living miles away,he attended the course.=Although he lived miles away,he attended the course.辨析：(1)动词的-ing形式作结果状语通常表示自然而然的结果。(2)动词不定式作结果状语通常表示意想不到的结果，常与 only 连用，构成only to do进行。省略条件 1:状语从句的主语必须和主句的主语一致 省略条件

5、 2:状语从句有 be 动词 Eg.While（I Was）wait in g,I was readi ng magaz in es.温馨提示 现在分词表示主动或正在进行；过去分词表示被动或已经完成。注意非谓语动词的逻辑主语是否与主句的主语一致。注意确定是否该用非谓语动词；注意标点符号，如果句中有连词（and,/but/or-）,要 用谓语动词。注意非谓语动词与主句谓语动词的时间顺序。注意与句式祈使句+an d/or+陈述句”的区别。V-ed过去分词）作状语 一.过去分词（短语）作状语时，表示被动和完成，在句中一般可 以做时间，条件，原因，伴随或方式，让步状语等。Eg.Asked about

6、his family,he made no answer.Given more time,we will do it well.注意：（1）分词状语，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致。否则，需加上 自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格。Eg.Weather/Time permitting,we will go shopping together tomorrow.二.过去分词（短语）与现在分词（短语）作状语的区别 过去分词（短语）与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被 动；现在分词（短语）与句子主语 之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即 表主动。三.过去分词作定语 单个过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前，分

7、词短语作定语一般放 在被修饰词之后，往往可被定语从句代替。四.过去分词作宾补 在分词作状语辨析动词的形式和动词不定式作结果状语的区别句子功能例句作时间状语相当于等弓丨导的时间状语从句作原因状语相当于等弓丨导的原因状语从句作条件状语相当于等引导的条件状语从句作方式或伴随状语相当于连作结果状语通常表示自然而然的结果动词不定式作结果状语通常表示意想不到的结果常与连用构成进行省略条件状语从句的主语必须和主句的主语一致省略条件状语从句有动词温馨提示现在分词表示主动或正在进行过去分词表示被句中有连词要用谓语动词注意非谓语动词与主句谓语动词的时间顺序注意与句式祈使句陈述句的区别过去分词作状语一过去分词短语作

8、状语时表示被动和完成在句中一般可以做时间条件原因伴随或方式让步状语等注意分词状语其逻规律说明 例句 过去分词（短语）用在感官类动 词 see,watch,notice,hear,fee等后 面 I was glad to see the child well take n care of.过去分词（短语）用在表示心理 状态的动词 find,think 等后面 Whe n 1 came in,1 found the glass broke n.过去分词（短语）用在使役动词 keep,get,make,leave,let,have 等 后面 They leave the water running

9、.I raised my voice to make myself heard 过去分词（短语）用在“with+宾 语+宾补”的复合结构中，表示时 间，方式，条件，原因等。The murderer was brought in,with his hands tied beh ind his back.典例 1.（2014.四川高考）The manager was satisfied to see many new products _ after great effort.A.having developed B.to develop C.developed D.develop Practic

10、e:五.过去分词（v-ed/done）作表语.过去分词（短语）放在系动词 be,get,become,feel,remain,seem 等后 面作表语，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态。Please rema in seated whe n the professor comes in.He seemed quite delighted at the news.在分词作状语辨析动词的形式和动词不定式作结果状语的区别句子功能例句作时间状语相当于等弓丨导的时间状语从句作原因状语相当于等弓丨导的原因状语从句作条件状语相当于等引导的条件状语从句作方式或伴随状语相当于连作结果状语通常表示自然而然的结果动

11、词不定式作结果状语通常表示意想不到的结果常与连用构成进行省略条件状语从句的主语必须和主句的主语一致省略条件状语从句有动词温馨提示现在分词表示主动或正在进行过去分词表示被句中有连词要用谓语动词注意非谓语动词与主句谓语动词的时间顺序注意与句式祈使句陈述句的区别过去分词作状语一过去分词短语作状语时表示被动和完成在句中一般可以做时间条件原因伴随或方式让步状语等注意分词状语其逻1.Practice:在分词作状语辨析动词的形式和动词不定式作结果状语的区别句子功能例句作时间状语相当于等弓丨导的时间状语从句作原因状语相当于等弓丨导的原因状语从句作条件状语相当于等引导的条件状语从句作方式或伴随状语相当于连作结果

12、状语通常表示自然而然的结果动词不定式作结果状语通常表示意想不到的结果常与连用构成进行省略条件状语从句的主语必须和主句的主语一致省略条件状语从句有动词温馨提示现在分词表示主动或正在进行过去分词表示被句中有连词要用谓语动词注意非谓语动词与主句谓语动词的时间顺序注意与句式祈使句陈述句的区别过去分词作状语一过去分词短语作状语时表示被动和完成在句中一般可以做时间条件原因伴随或方式让步状语等注意分词状语其逻A.Not completi ng B.Not completed C.Not hav ing completed D.Have not completed 1.nearly all our money

13、,we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel.A.Having spent B.To spent C.Spent D.To have spent 2.which university to attend,the girl asked her teacher for advice.A.Not knowing B.Knowing not C.Not known D.Known not 3._ e course very difficult,she decided to move to a lower level.A.Find B.Finding C.To find D

14、.Found 4.When I was little,my mother used to sit by my bed,me _ stories till I fell asleep.A.having told B.telling C.told D.to tell 5.The pretty girl was dressed in bright red,_ Her more beautiful.A.mak in g;look B.to make;looked C.mak in g;looked D.and making;looked 6.The stranger said something in

15、 a _ voice and the little girl was very much A.frighte ning,frighte ned B.frighte ned,frighte ning C.frighte ning,frighte ning D.frighte ned,frighte ned 7._ the pia no,some one sudde nly kno cked at the door.A.Play ing B.When I was play ing C.Repairi ng D.Exam ining 8._ in the seat for half an hour,

16、Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet(钱包)at home.A.To wait B.Have waited C.Havi ng waited D.To have waited 9._ the work,they have to stay there for another two weeks.用所给词语的适当形式填空 1.All night long he lay awake,(think)of the problem.2.Their car was caught in a traffic jam,thus(cause)the de

17、lay.3._(live)with the girl for 5 years,we all know her very well.4.Though(work)so hard,he failed again.5._ eive)his reply,she wrote another letter.6._ )by so manypeople,she felt nervous,(not 在分词作状语辨析动词的形式和动词不定式作结果状语的区别句子功能例句作时间状语相当于等弓丨导的时间状语从句作原因状语相当于等弓丨导的原因状语从句作条件状语相当于等引导的条件状语从句作方式或伴随状语相当于连作结果状语通常表

18、示自然而然的结果动词不定式作结果状语通常表示意想不到的结果常与连用构成进行省略条件状语从句的主语必须和主句的主语一致省略条件状语从句有动词温馨提示现在分词表示主动或正在进行过去分词表示被句中有连词要用谓语动词注意非谓语动词与主句谓语动词的时间顺序注意与句式祈使句陈述句的区别过去分词作状语一过去分词短语作状语时表示被动和完成在句中一般可以做时间条件原因伴随或方式让步状语等注意分词状语其逻know)what to say.After(tell)many times,he un derstood what was happe ning.1._ into English,the sentence wa

19、s found to have an entirely differe nt word order.A.Tran slati ng B.Tran slated C.To tran slate D.Havi ng tran slated 2._ an important role in a new movie,Andy has a chanee to become famous.A.Offer B.Offering C.Offered D.To offer 3._ his scientific work,he has no time to care for his family affairs,

20、which his wife always complains about.A.Devoting into B.Devoted to C.Being devoted with D.Devoted with 4.Di na,_ for mon ths to find a job as a waitress,fin ally took a positi on at a local advertis ing age ncy.A.struggling B.struggled C.having struggled D.to struggle 5._ the right kind of training,

21、these teenager soccer players may one day grow into intern ati onal stars.A.Givi ng B.Havi ng give n C.To give D.Give n 6.In order not to be found,I spent the whole nig _ in my room.A.locking B.locked C.to lock D.Lock 7._ twice,the postma n refused to deliver our letters uni ess we cha ined our dog.

22、A.Being bitten B.Bitten C.Having bitten D.To be bitten 8.Michaels new house is like a huge palace,_ with his old one.在分词作状语辨析动词的形式和动词不定式作结果状语的区别句子功能例句作时间状语相当于等弓丨导的时间状语从句作原因状语相当于等弓丨导的原因状语从句作条件状语相当于等引导的条件状语从句作方式或伴随状语相当于连作结果状语通常表示自然而然的结果动词不定式作结果状语通常表示意想不到的结果常与连用构成进行省略条件状语从句的主语必须和主句的主语一致省略条件状语从句有动词温馨提示现

23、在分词表示主动或正在进行过去分词表示被句中有连词要用谓语动词注意非谓语动词与主句谓语动词的时间顺序注意与句式祈使句陈述句的区别过去分词作状语一过去分词短语作状语时表示被动和完成在句中一般可以做时间条件原因伴随或方式让步状语等注意分词状语其逻A.frightening;frightening A.comparing B.compares C.to compare D.compared 9._ but excited,the runner raced to the finishing line.A.Exhausting B.Exhausted C.Being exhausted D.To be e

24、xhausted 二.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1.The news reporter hurried to the airport,only _ (tell)the film star had left.2.After her journey from abroad,Mary returned home,()(exhaust).3._ (see)from the top of the building,our school looks beautiful.4.False friends are just like leaves,_ (find)everywhere,but true fr

25、iends are like diam onds,precious and rare.1.She felt rather _ that she should nt have drive n the car at such a _ speed.B.frighte ned;frighte ned C.Frightening;frightened D.frightened;frightening 2.There is a big dog _ to a fence outside the house.A.tying B.tied C.to tie D.ties 3.In April,thousands

26、 of holidaymakers remained _ abroad due to the volca nic ash cloud.A.sticking B.stuck C.to be stuck D.to have stuck 4.As soon as she entered the room,the girl caught sight of the flowers _ by her mother.A.buying B.being bought C.were bought D.bought 在分词作状语辨析动词的形式和动词不定式作结果状语的区别句子功能例句作时间状语相当于等弓丨导的时间状语

27、从句作原因状语相当于等弓丨导的原因状语从句作条件状语相当于等引导的条件状语从句作方式或伴随状语相当于连作结果状语通常表示自然而然的结果动词不定式作结果状语通常表示意想不到的结果常与连用构成进行省略条件状语从句的主语必须和主句的主语一致省略条件状语从句有动词温馨提示现在分词表示主动或正在进行过去分词表示被句中有连词要用谓语动词注意非谓语动词与主句谓语动词的时间顺序注意与句式祈使句陈述句的区别过去分词作状语一过去分词短语作状语时表示被动和完成在句中一般可以做时间条件原因伴随或方式让步状语等注意分词状语其逻5.The stude nt,_ at the way the questi on was p

28、ut,did nt know how to an swer it.A.Being surprised B.Surprising C.Surprised D.Having surprised 6.Look at the note _ to the door;you will see that some one paid a visit whe n we were away.A.pinning B.pinned C.being pinned D.is pinned 7.It is one of the funniest things _ on the Internet so far this ye

29、ar.A finding B.being found C.to find D.found 8.We finished the run in less than half the time _ .A.allowing B.to allow C.allowed D.allows 9.When I came in,they were _ in a heated discussion.A.absorb B.absorbed C.absorbing D.being absorbed 10.The woman sitting there under the tree,_ in a blue skirt,i

30、s our head master.A.wearing B.dressed C.worn D.dressing n.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.In our daily life,there are a lot of health problems that,when not _ (treat)in time,can become bigger ones later on.2.The thief _ (question)by the police a moment ago still could nt tell the truth.3.1 could nt accept the view _

31、 (offer)to me uni ess it is based on 在分词作状语辨析动词的形式和动词不定式作结果状语的区别句子功能例句作时间状语相当于等弓丨导的时间状语从句作原因状语相当于等弓丨导的原因状语从句作条件状语相当于等引导的条件状语从句作方式或伴随状语相当于连作结果状语通常表示自然而然的结果动词不定式作结果状语通常表示意想不到的结果常与连用构成进行省略条件状语从句的主语必须和主句的主语一致省略条件状语从句有动词温馨提示现在分词表示主动或正在进行过去分词表示被句中有连词要用谓语动词注意非谓语动词与主句谓语动词的时间顺序注意与句式祈使句陈述句的区别过去分词作状语一过去分词短语作状语

32、时表示被动和完成在句中一般可以做时间条件原因伴随或方式让步状语等注意分词状语其逻facts.4.Cleaning workers in big cities usually get _ (pay)by the mon th.5.The _ (surprise)look on his face suggested that he must have heard some surpris ing n ews.(2014.临沂高二检测)While you were out,you should keep your doors and win dows A.close B.clos ing C.clo

33、sed D.be closed 2.I ll have all of the reading _ by the end of this term if my plan goes well.A.completi ng B.to complete C.completed D.being completed 3.To learn English well,we should find opportunities to hear English as much as we can.A.speak B.speaki ng C.spoke n D.to speak 4.John received an i

34、nvitation to dinner,and with his work _ ,he gladly accepted it.A.finished B.finishing C.having finished D.was finished 5.He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _ in his lectures.A.interested B.interesting C.interest D.to interest 6.Laws that punish parents for their li

35、ttle childrens actions against the laws get parents _ .A.worried B.to worry C.worrying D.worry 在分词作状语辨析动词的形式和动词不定式作结果状语的区别句子功能例句作时间状语相当于等弓丨导的时间状语从句作原因状语相当于等弓丨导的原因状语从句作条件状语相当于等引导的条件状语从句作方式或伴随状语相当于连作结果状语通常表示自然而然的结果动词不定式作结果状语通常表示意想不到的结果常与连用构成进行省略条件状语从句的主语必须和主句的主语一致省略条件状语从句有动词温馨提示现在分词表示主动或正在进行过去分词表示被句中有

36、连词要用谓语动词注意非谓语动词与主句谓语动词的时间顺序注意与句式祈使句陈述句的区别过去分词作状语一过去分词短语作状语时表示被动和完成在句中一般可以做时间条件原因伴随或方式让步状语等注意分词状语其逻7.1 dont want the children _ out in such weather.A.take B.to take C.taken D.taking n.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.With all the work(do),I feel very relaxed now.2.He didnt notice his wallet _ (steal)3.The stude nts wo

37、uld nt like the problem _ (discuss)at the mome nt.4.I amvery busy now.Id like to have my little child _ (take)to school.5.When we got to school,we saw the door _(lock)6.Be careful,or youll have your hands _ (hurt).7.He spoke slowly to make himself(understand)8.Helen had to shout above the sound of t

38、he music to make herself(hear)在分词作状语辨析动词的形式和动词不定式作结果状语的区别句子功能例句作时间状语相当于等弓丨导的时间状语从句作原因状语相当于等弓丨导的原因状语从句作条件状语相当于等引导的条件状语从句作方式或伴随状语相当于连作结果状语通常表示自然而然的结果动词不定式作结果状语通常表示意想不到的结果常与连用构成进行省略条件状语从句的主语必须和主句的主语一致省略条件状语从句有动词温馨提示现在分词表示主动或正在进行过去分词表示被句中有连词要用谓语动词注意非谓语动词与主句谓语动词的时间顺序注意与句式祈使句陈述句的区别过去分词作状语一过去分词短语作状语时表示被动和完成在句中一般可以做时间条件原因伴随或方式让步状语等注意分词状语其逻