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1、Part 6单元语法语法感知1. The sun was shining.2. At first the cat was asleep.3. He enjoys reading.4. She cooked her husband a delicious meaL1.1 _often 5nd him at work.归纳1：简单句的句式有多种类型，谓语是及物动词时后加宾语、不及物动词后不加宾语、有些动词后加 复合宾语；Be动词与其后的形容词构成系表结构。6. We saw a cat running across thu road.7. New methods make the job easy
2、.9. He sent me an EnglishChinese Dictionaiy.10. She bought me a book.归纳2：有些及物动词跟双宾语；有些及物动词跟宾语补足语。There is some juice and some cakes on the table.The】e is a pen and some books on the desk.There are some cakes and some juice on the table.归纳3： therebe结构中，be动词的单复数形式要根据就近原则，即离它近的主语是单数就用is,复数用are。 语法精讲简单句
3、的几种基本句型S V （主+谓）The baby laughed.S VO （主+谓+宾）They bought a gift.SVP （主+系+表）Mr. Wang is a doctor.S V IO DO （主+谓 + 间宾 + 直宾）She ordered herself a new dress.S V O OC （主+谓+宾+宾补）The teacher ask the students to close the windows.S V Ad （主+谓+状语）He set off very early.S V O Ad （主+谓+宾+状语）I meet my friends in t
4、he park every weekend.There be （存在句结构）There is a lot to do in the room.1.基本句型一：S V这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，这些动词常见的有：appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等。如：1) Students work hard.学生们学习很努力。2) She apologized again.她再次道歉。少数不及物动词后面能跟一个相同意义的名词作宾语，这个名词和前面的动词在词根上是相同的或者在意 义上是相
5、近的，这样的宾语就叫做同源宾语。常见的能带同源宾语的动词有：lead, live, die, sleep, dream, breathe, smile, laugh, fight, run, sing 等。例如：3) He died a glorious death.他死的伟大。4) I dreamed a terrible dream last night.昨晚他做 了 一个可怕的梦5) Our soldiers fought a wonderful fight against the floods last August,去年八月我们的战士与洪水搏斗，打了一 场漂亮仗。2.基本句型二:S
6、V0 (主+谓+宾)这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。 作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如：6) You helped me out of a difficult situation.你帮助我摆托了 困境。7) They finally caught up with us,他们最终赶上了我们。8) I don like being treated like this.我不喜欢像这样被对待。3.基本句型三:S VP(主+系+表)这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类：A.表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, loo
7、k, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain,等等。如：9) We should be modest any time.我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚。B.表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如：10) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到 了，天气变得越来越暖和。11) The fact proves true.事实证明是正确的。4 .基本句型四：SV IO DO 10 =间接宾语；口0 =直
8、接宾语常跟双宾语的及物动词：bring, deny, give, hand, leave, lend, offer, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, sell, send, show, teach, tell, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, save, spare 等。这种句型中作间接宾语的常常 指“人”,直接宾语常常指“物如：12) Yesterday her father bought her a bike as a birthday present.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为
9、生日礼 物。13) The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.老人在给孩子们讲发生在长征中的故事。这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：A.动词+直接宾语+ for sb.；B.动词+直接宾语+ to sb.o14) Please show me your picture. =Please show your picture to me.请ft!你的画给我看下。15) Ill offer you a good chance =F11 offer a good chance to you .只要你不失去信心，我会给你提供
10、机会的。5.基本句型五:SVOOC (主+谓+宾+宾补)常星艮宾语补足语的及物动词：consider, think, believe, discover, find, imagine, judge, suppose, prove call, name, think, make, want, ask, wish, teach, hear, see, watch, let, help, keep, tell 等。这种句型中的宾语 + 补语可统称为 “复合宾语，作补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：16) Ke叩the children quiet, please.请让
11、孩子们安静下来。17) He painted the wall white.他把墙漆成白色。18) We found him (to be) an honest man.我们发现他是一个诚实的人。6.5丫人火主+谓+状语)这种句型中作状语的可以是时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、原因状语等。如：19) He is studying in the room now.20) Mary couldnt work for her being ill.73丫0人1(主+谓+宾+状语)这种句型中作状语的可以是时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、原因状语等。如: 21)1 visited my friends in
12、the park in the past.22) They all dislike beef in a way.8.There be (存在句结构)there be结构主要表示某处存在有某物，所以通常被称为存在句。其中的there为引导词，无词义，be为系 动词，be后面的名词为句子主语。在there be句型中，若句子只有一个主语，谓语的数取决于该主语的数; 若有几个主语并列，则通常是与靠近的主语保持一致。如：23) There is no cause for anxiety o 不必焦虑。24) There are twenty children present 在座的有 20 个孩子。2
13、5) There is a teacher and some students over there 那边有一位老师和一坐学生。there结构的时态由其中的系动词be来体现，它可以有一般现在时、一般将来时、一般过去时、现在完成 时以及过去完成时等形式。如：26) There will be a rise in unemployment next year。明年失业人数将会增加。27) There have been a series of car accidents at the crossing 在这个交叉路 口 已发生了 一连串的车祸28) There had been two sea f
14、ights between them。他们之间发生 了两场海战。注意1 .动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, observe, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如:The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他们一整天干活。SV 10 DO 一般的顺序为：主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。2 .强调间接宾语顺序为：主语+动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语。He gave a cup of tea to me.Her uncle bought an English-Chinese dictio
15、nary for her yesterday.若直接宾语为人称代词：动词+代词直接宾语+介词+间接宾语。Bring it to me, please.(不能说：Bring me it, pleaseo )课堂练习一、划分句子成分并翻译成汉语。1. She | is making | herself | a new dress.2. She | cooked | her husband | a delicious meal.3. He | buys | you | a dictionary.4. He | passes | her | nothing.4.1 | am showing | him
16、 | my pictures.1.1 | will give | my car | a wash.7. He | tells | us | funny stories.8. We | call | them | mooncakes.9. He | found | his new book | broken.10. Tell | him | to come here | the day after tomorrow.11. He | sent | an English-Chinese Dictionary | to me.12. She | bought | me | a book.13. Pl
17、ease show | me | your passport.14. Mother | cooks | us | breakfast | every day.15. She | often helps | her mother | (to) do | some housework.二、辨别下面句子的类型1.1 arrived at six last night.2 .The grass turned green in spring.3 .Please tell me a story before I go to bed.4.1 bought a good English-Chinese Dic
18、tionary yesterday.1.1 found it impossible to do it. Please keep the classroom clean and tidy.6 .Tom is an American boy.7 .There is going to be a meeting tomorrow.1.1 dreamed a terrible dream last night.9. The old man works in a hospital.10. Fil offer you a good chance as long as you don t lose heart
19、.三、根据要求转换句子1 .The old man is telling stories the children in the Long March.（加介词）2 .Please show your picture me.（力口介词）3 .My mother will buy a good watch you.（力口介词）1.1 am making a new dress my sister,（力II 介 i司）5. My sister likes meat very much.（变为否定句）6. There are some bananas on the table.（变为一般疑 I诃句）7. There is a bottle and a glass under the chair.（变为否定句）8. She can speak a little Chinese now.（就划线部分提问）
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