2023考研英语二真题答案解析超详解析.docx

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1、2023年全国硕士探讨生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Sect i on I Use of Eng Ii shD i rect i ons:Read the fol lowing passage. For each numbered bIank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET I. (10 points)The outbreak of swine f Iu that was f i rst detected in M

2、exico was declared a gIobaI ep i demic on June 11, 2023. 11 i s the f i rst wor I dwi de ep idemic 1 by the Wor I dHeaI th Organ i zat i on i n 41 years.The heightened a I ert 2 an emergency meet i ng with f I u experts i n Genevathat convened after a sharp r i se i n cases i n AustraIi a, and risin

3、g 3 i nBr itain, Japan, Chile and eIsewhere.But the epidemic i s 4 in sever ity, accord i ng to Margaret Chan, the organizat ions di rector genera I, 5 the overwhelming major ity of pat ientsexper ienci ng on I y mi Id symptoms and a fu I I recovery, often i n the 6 of any medical treatment.The outb

4、reak came to g I oba I 7 i n I ate Apr i I 2023, when Mex i can author it iesnoticed an unusuaI Iy Iarge number of hospitaI izations and deaths 8 healthyaduIts. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to9 in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the

5、worId.I n the Un i ted States, new cases seemed to fade 10 warmer weather arr i ved.But i n I ate September 2023, officials reported there was 11 f I u activityi n a I most every state and that v i rtua I I y a I I the 12 tested are the new sw i nef I u, a I so known as (A) H1N1, not seasona I f I u

6、. I n the U. S. , it has 13 morethan one million peop I e, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hosp i taI i zat i ons.Federa I health off i c i a I s 14 Tamiflu for ch i I dren from the nat i ona Istockpi Ie and began 15 orders from the states for the new swine f Iu vaccine.The new v

7、acc i ne, wh i ch i s d i fferent from the annua I flu vacc i ne, i s 16 ahead of expectat i ons. More than three million doses were to be made ava i I ab I e i n ear I y of supposed Iy super i or i nteI Ii gence, educat i on, and moraI character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had

8、prohibited intent iona I racia I di scr iminat ion in jury seIection as ear Iy as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of seIect ing so-cal led el ite or bIue-r ibbon jur ies provided a convenient way around th i s and other ant i d i scr imi nat ion Iaws.The system a I so fa ile

9、d to reguI ar Iy incIude women on jur ies unt iI the mid-20th century. Although women f i rst served on state jur ies in Utah in 1898, it was not unt i I the 1940s that a major ity of states made women e I igibIe for jury duty. Even then severaI states automat i caI Iy exempted women from jury duty

10、unI ess they persona I Iy asked to have the i r names i ncIuded on the jury I i st. Th i s pract i ce was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept jur i es unrepresentat i ve of women through the 1960s.In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and

11、 Service Act, usher i ng i n a new era of democrat i c reforms for the jury. Th i s I aw abo I i shed spec i a I educat i ona I requ i rements for federa I jurors and requ i red them to be se I ected at random from a cross section of the enti re community. In the Iandmark 1975 decision Tay I or vs.

12、Lou i s i ana, the Supreme Court extended the requ i rement that jur i es be representat i ve of a I I parts of the community to the state I eve I. The Taylor dec i s i on a I so dec Iared sex d i scr imi nat i on i n jury seIect ion to be unconst itut i onaI and ordered states to use the same proce

13、dures for seIect i ng ma Ie and femaIe jurors.36. From the principles of the US jury system, we I earn that Aboth Iiberate and iI I iterate peopIe can serve on jur iesBdefendants are immune from trial by thei r peersCno age limit shouId be imposed for jury serviceDjudgment shouId cons i der the opin

14、ion of the pub Ii c37. The pract i ce of selecting so-caI Ied elite jurors pr i or to 1968 showedAthe inadequacy of antidiscrimination IawsBthe prevaI ent discr imination aga i nst certa i n racesCthe conf Ii ct i ng i deaIs i n jury seIect i on proceduresDthe arrogance common among the Supreme Cour

15、t justices38. Even i n the 1960s, women were se I dom on the jury I i st i n some states becauseAthey were automatically banned by state IawsBthey feI I far short of the requ i red qua I i f i cat i onsCthey were supposed to perform domestic dutiesDthey tended to evade pub Ii c engagement39. After t

16、he Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.A sex d i scr imi nat i on i n jury seIect i on was unconstitutional and had to be aboli shedB educat i onaI requ i rements became I ess rigid i n the seIect i on of federaI jurorsC jurors at the state I eve I ought to be representat i ve of the ent i re

17、commun i tyD states ought to conform to the federaI court in reforming the jury system40. In discussing the US jury system, the text centers onAits nature and prob IemsBits character i st i cs and traditionCits prob Iems and the i r solutionsDits tradition and deveIopmentPart BBOTH Boe i ng and Ai r

18、bus have trumpeted the efficiency of the i r newest a i rcraft, the 787 and A350 respect i veIy. Thei r cI ever des i gns and I i ghtwe i ght composites certainly make a difference. But a group of researchers at Stanford University, Ied by I I an Kroo, has suggested that a i rI i nes couId take a mo

19、re naturalistic approach to cutt ing jet-fueI use, and it would not requi re them to buy new ai rcraft.The answer, says Dr Kroo, I ies with bi rds. Since 1914, and a seminaI paper by a German researcher cal led Car I Wiese Isberger, sc i ent i sts have known that b i rds flying i n format i ona V-sh

20、ape, echeI on or otherwi seexpend I ess energy. The a i r flowing over a bi rd, s wings cur Is upwards behind the wingt ips, a phenomenon known as upwash. Other b i rds flying i n the upwash exper i ence reduced drag, and spend I ess energy prope I I i ng themse I ves. Peter L i ssaman, an aeronaut

21、i cs expert who was former I y at CaI tech and the University of SouthernWhen appIied to ai rcraft, the principles are not substant ia I Iy different. DrKroo and his team mode I I ed what would happen i f three passenger jets depart i ng from Los Ange Ies, San Franc i sco and Las Vegas were to rende

22、zvous over Utah, assume an i nverted V-format i on, occas i ona I I y swap p I aces so a I I cou I d have a turn i n the most favourabIe positions, and proceed to London. They found that the ai rcraft consumed as much as 15% I ess fue I (with a concomitant reduct i on i n carbon-d i ox i de output).

23、 Nitrogen-ox ide emi ss i ons during the cru i s i ng port i ons of the fIi ght feI I by around a quarter.There are, of course, kinks to be worked out. One cons ideration i s safety, or at I east the percept i on of i t. Wou I d passengers fee I comfortab I e trave I I i ng i n convoy? Dr Kroo point

24、s out that the ai rcraft couId be separated by severaI naut icaI mi Ies, and wouId not be in the unnervingly cosy groupings favoured by display teams I ike the Red Arrows. A passenger peer ing out of the window might not even see the other p I anes. Whether the separat i on d i stances i nvo I ved w

25、ou I d sat i sfy a i r-traff i c-contro I reguI at i ons i s another matter, a I though a work i ng group at the Internat i onaI Civil Aviation. Organisation has incIuded the possibiIity of formation flying in a bIuepr i nt for new operat i onaI gu i de I i nes.It rema i ns to be seen how weather co

26、nditions affect the a i r flows that make format ion f I i ght more eff ic i ent. I n zones of i ncreased turbu I ence, the p I anes wakes wi I I decay more quickly and the effect wi I I diminish. Dr Kroo says this is one of the areas hi s team wi I I i nvest igate further. It might a I so be hard f

27、or a i r I ines to co-ordinate the departure times and destinat ions of passenger ai rcraft in a way that wouId allow them to gain from formation f I ight. Cargo ai rcraft, in contrast, might be easier to rescheduIe, as might routine mi Iitary fIights.As it happens, America s armed forces are on the

28、 case a I ready. Ear Ii er th i s year the countrys Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency announced pIans to pay Boeing to investigate formation fIight, though the programme has yet to begin. There are reports that some mi I itary ai rcraft f Iew in formation when they were Iow on fue I dur i ng

29、 the second wor I d war, but Dr L i ssaman says they are apocrypha I. My father was an RAF pilot and my cous i n the sk i pper of a Lancaster I ost over Ber I i n, “ he adds. So he shouId know.41. Findings of the Stanford University researchers wi I I promote the saIes of new Boeing and Ai rbus a i

30、rcraft.42. The upwash exper i ence may save propeI Ii ng energy as we I I as reduc i ng res i stance.43. Format ion f I ight i s more comfortab I e because passengers can not see the other p I anes.44. The role that weather pI ays i n formation fIi ght has not yet been cI ear I y defined.45. It has

31、been documented that dur i ng WorId War II, America s armed forces once tr i ed format i on flight to save fueI.46. Di rections:In this section there is a text in English . Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2. (15points)“Suatainabi I ity” has become apopu I ar word the

32、se days, but to Ted N i ng, the concept wiI I always have persona I meaning. Having endured apainfuI per iod of unsustainabi Iity in his own I ife made itclear to him that sustainabi Iity-oriented vaIues must be expressed though everyday action and choiceo Ning recaI Is spending aconfus i ng year i

33、n the I ate 1990s selling i nsurance. He d been though the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for ajob,s igned on with a Bou Ider agencyo It didin t go we I I. It was a rea I I y had move because that, s not my passion, “ says Ning, whose d i I emma about the job trans I ated, pred i ctab I y, i

34、nto a I ack of sa I es. I was miserabIe, I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the cei I ing. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, Just wait, you I I trun the corner, give it some time. 47. Directions:You have just come back from the U. S. as

35、 a member of a S i no-Amer i can cu I tura I exchange program. Wr ite a Ietter to your Amer ican col league to1) Express your thanks for his/her warm reception;2) We I come him/her to visit Ch i na i n due courseoYou shouId wr ite about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the en

36、d of the Ietter. Use “Zhang Wei“ insteado Do not write your address. (10 points)48. Directions:In this sect ion, you are asked to wr ite an essay based on the fol lowing chart.In your wr i t i ng, you shouId1) I interpret the chart and2) G i ve your commentsoYou shouId wr i te at I east 150 wordsoWr

37、ite your essay on on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points) 范文：I n thi s chart, we can see the mobi Ie phone subscr ipt ions i n developed countr ies have a steady and s I i ght i ncrease from 1990 to 2023 and then rema i n constant i n 2023. Meanwhi Ie the mobi Ie phone subscr ipt ions in developing countr ie

38、s have witnessed a s I ow i ncrease from 1990 to 2023 and then a great surge from 2023 to 20007： the b i ggest surge happens from 2023 to 2023.Thi s chart ref Iects different developing modes of mobiIe phone industry in deveI oped and developing countr i es. The deveI oped countr i es have a I imite

39、d number of popuI at i ons, most of whom are we I I-educated. Therefore, the spread i ng of the mob iIe phone service i s eff i c i ent and soon the market i s saturated. AI so at the beginning the deve I oped countr ies have more people who can afford th i s service. The developing countr ies have

40、a Iarge popuI at ion who keeps a Iarge demand for mobiIe service. As the mobi Ie phone service becomes cheaper and cheaper, the increasing customers subscr i be to benefit from th i s serv i ceoAs d i scussed above, i t i s not surpr i s i ng to see th i s change. I n my op i n i on, th i s trend th

41、at the number of mobi Ie-phone subscr ipt ions i s increasingly increas ing wi I I continue for a while in the futureSection I Use of English 一、文章题材结构分析本文是取材于新闻报道，叙述了猪流感的爆发，产生的严峻影响以及政府实行的针对性措施。 首段和其次段简述了猪流感的爆发引起世界各国的重视。第三段引用专家的观点，认为瘟疫并不严峻。第四 段和第五段以墨西哥及美国的状况为例，说明白猪流感的严峻性和致命性。第六段叙述了联邦政府针对猪流感的具 体措施。二、试

42、题解析1 .【答案】D【解析】上文提到“was declared a global epidemic”，依据dec I are的逻辑（“宣 布为“），可知应当选D项designated “命名，制定”，而不是C项commented “评论”，这是典型的近义词复现题目。2 .【答案】C【解析】本题目可依据“句意”找到意思线索，选出答案，难度在于出处句是个长难句。本 句的理解应当抓住alert、meet i ng 和 a sharp r i se 三者的关系，依据 after a sharp r i se 可知是 r i se （“病例数 的增加”）是meet ing （“日内瓦专家会议”）的缘由

43、，由此可推导出alert并非是meeting的缘由，而是结果，即meeting使 得alert升级。依据上述分析可以解除B、D选项，B项activated “激活，激起”，D项“促使，引起“，此两项的选择 都在讲a I ert导致了 meet i ng的召开。而C项f o I I owed意思是“紧随，跟在之后”，体现出after的逻辑，完全 满意本句rise之后是meeting,meet i ng之后是a I ert的逻辑，所以是正确项。而A项proceeded “接着”，属不及物动 词，不行接宾语，用法和逻辑 用在此处都不合适。3 .【答案】B【解析】本题目应当关注并列连词and,从并列呼

44、应来看：空格后的表达inBritain- 对应前面的in AustraI ia,所以空格处rising 应当对应a sharp r ise in cases （病例数的剧增”），因此空 格处是“数量”的逻辑才对。A项digits “（阿拉伯）数字”,不表示数量，不能与rising形成搭配；C项amounts “数量”, 常修饰不行数名词（此处指的是cases,可数名词）；D项sums “金额，款项”，不能用于表达“病例数”。B项numbers “数量”，修饰可数名词（如：Iarge numbers of cases 大量的病例），符合题意。4 .【答案】A【解析】此处句子开头的“But”是重要

45、的逻辑线索，与上文意思（其次段）形成对比反 差。上文的关键性表达如 uheightened alert”、“emergency meeting” 和 “a sharp r ise in cases” 者在讲解并 描述猪流感的严峻性，所以依据But和inseverity,可知空格处应当是“不严峻或缓和”的逻辑。5 .【答案】A【解析】 But the ep i demi c i s “moderate“ i n sever i ty, 5pat i entsexper i enc i ng symptoms and recovery-,本句的划线部分是句子主干（主系表），逗号后面的表达是包含有逻

46、辑主语 pat i ents 和逻辑谓语exper i enc i ng的独立主格结构（symptoms andrecovery是逻辑宾语）。依据语法原理， 只有介词with才可以引导独立主格， 所以选 Ao 再匕匕4: She sat there, with tears streaming down her face. “她 坐在那里，泪流满面”。6 .【答案】B【解析】依据出处句中in theof 这个搭配，可解除A、D项，答案应当选B、C项中的一个。B 项 in the absence of “缺乏， 不存在“， 伊他口 The case was dismissed in the abs

47、ence of any def i n ite proof. “此案因缺乏 确凿证据不予受理，C项in the presence of 逻辑相反，意思是“存在的状况下”, 例如，The document was signedin the presence of two witnesses. “本文件是在两位证人的见证下签署的”。7 .【答案】D【解析】依据出处句中come to global这个搭配，可解除B、C项，答案应当选A、D项中的一个。A项come to reaI ity 指成为现实”；D项come to not ice 为“受到关注 8.【答案】C【解析】an unusuaI Iar

48、ge number of hospitaI izations and deaths healthy adults,空格前意思“极其众多的住院和死亡案例”，空格后意思“健康的成年人”不难看出，前者和后者是被包含与包含的 逻辑关系，所以选C项among“在中其他三个选项：A项over “覆盖；超过”等；B项千or “对于；因为”等；D项to “朝向；对于”等，均不能表 示“包含”的逻辑关系。9 .【答案】B【解析】上文（本段首句）提到The outbreak came to gIoba I not ice”这场瘟疫的 爆发引起了全球性关注”，接着本句阐述说“不仅在墨西哥该病例让人很惊惶，而且它起先在纽约、美国西南部，以及世 界各地起先出现。所以， 此处空格应当是“出现”之意。A项stay up “熬夜”，C项f i I I up “填满。装满”，D项coverup “盖住；掩盖二 上述三项的意思无法体现所 需逻辑须要，而B项crop up 的意思正是“突然出现，大量出现，所以选Bo 10.【答案】A【留单析】new cases seemed to fade warmer weather arr i ved, 本句 中下戈U线 部分是主干，斜体部分是状语从句，空格处的连词选择取决于