小学英语必背基础知识.doc

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1、小学英语必背基础知识一、一个星期七天SundayMondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturday二、一年十二个月JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember三、一年四季1. spring2. summer3. autumn4. winter四、容易拼写错的数字1. eighth第八2. ninth第九3. forty四十4. twelfth第十二5. twentieth第二十五、亲属称呼1. daughter (女儿)2. niece (女性晚辈)3.

2、 nephew (男性晚辈)4. cousin (同辈兄弟姐妹)5. aunt (女性长辈)6. uncle (男性长辈)六、以下动词加-ed 或-ing 要双写最后一个字母1. regret (regretted, regretting) 后悔2. control (controlled, controlling) 控制3. admit (admitted, admitting) 承认4. occur (occurred, occurring) 出现5. prefer (preferred, preferring) 宁愿6. refer (referred, referring) 提到7.

3、forget (forgetting ) 忘记8. permit (permitted, permitting)允许9. equip (equipped, equipping) 装备注意：quarrel, signal, travel中的l可双写（英国英语）也可不双写（美国英语）七、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词1. broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 广播2. flee (fled, fled) 逃跑3. forbid (forbade, forbidden) 禁止4. forgive (forgave, forgiven) 原谅5. freeze (fr

4、oze, frozen) 结冰6. hang (作“绞死”讲，是规则的；作“悬挂”讲，其过去式过去分词都是hung)7. lie lied lied 说谎; lielay-lain躺下 lay-laid- laid 放置8. seek (sought, sought) 寻求9. shake (shook, shaken) 发抖10. sing (sang, sung) 唱歌11. sink (sank, sunk/sunken) 下沉12. spread (spread, spread) 传播13. swim (swam, swum) 游泳14. tear (tore, torn) 撕碎16.

5、 wear( wore; worn) 穿/戴17. hold (held, held )18. make (made, made)19. keep (kept, kept)八、意思相近的词1. check （核对）/ examine(检查)/ test（测试）2. receive（收到） / accept（接受）3. destroy （毁坏；毁灭）/ damage（破坏）4. celebrate(庆祝)/ congratulate（祝贺）5. wear sth / dress sb 穿衣九、注意形容词变名词时的拼写变化1. longlength 长度2. widewidth 宽度3. high

6、height 高度4. strongstrength力量以-ic结尾的动词，应先把-ic变为-ick，再加ing或edpicnic (picnicked, picnicking) 野餐十、个别名词的复数拼写1. German (Germans) 德国人2. gulf (gulfs) 海湾3. handkerchief (handkerchiefs) 手帕roof (roofs) 房顶4. hero (英雄)，potato (土豆)，tomato (西红柿) 等有生命的以-o结尾的名词变复数时要加-es。十一、注意动词变名词时的拼写变化1.succeedsuccess成功2. pronounce

7、pronunciation 发音3 . explainexplanation解释4. decidedecision 决定5. enterentrance进入6. permitpermission 允许7. considerconsideration 考虑8. expectexpectation 期待9. discoverdiscovery 发现10. buryburial 埋葬11. concludeconclusion 得出结论12. arrivearrival 到达13. weighweight 重量14. describedescription 描述15. loseloss 损失16.

8、anxious-anxiety 焦虑十二、注意形容词变副词时的拼写变化1. beautiful美丽的beautifully2. possible可能的possibly3. practical实际的practically4. particular特别的particularly5. successful成功的successfully常用英汉互译知识1. 元宵节：Lantern Festival2. 刺绣：embroidery3. 重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival4. 清明节：Tomb sweeping day5. 剪纸：Paper Cutting6. 书法：Calligraphy

9、7. 对联：(Spring Festival) Couplets8. 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters9. 人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow10. 四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle11. 战国：Warring States12. 风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen13. 铁饭碗：Iron Bowl14. 函授部：The Correspondence Department15. 集体舞：Group Dance16. 黄土高原：Loess Plateau17. 红白喜事：Weddings and F

10、unerals18. 中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day19. 结婚证：Marriage Certificate20. 儒家文化：Confucian Culture21. 附属学校：Affiliated school22. 古装片：Costume Drama23. 武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie24. 元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup)25. 一国两制：One Country, Two Systems26. 火锅：Hot Pot27. 四人帮：Gang of Four28. 诗经：The Book of Songs29. 素质

11、教育：Essential-qualities-oriented Education30. 史记：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian31. 大跃进：Great Leap Forward (Movement)32. 西游记：The Journey to the West33. 除夕：Chinese New Years Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival34. 针灸：Acupuncture35. 唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-co

12、lored pottery36. 中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics37. 偏旁：radical38. 孟子：Mencius39. 亭/阁：Pavilion/ Attic40. 大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises41. 火药：gunpowder42. 农历：Lunar Calendar43. 印/玺：Seal/Stamp44. 物质精神文明建设：The Construction of Material

13、 Civilization and Spiritual Civilization45. 京剧：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera46. 秦腔：Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera47. 太极拳：Tai Chi48. 独生子女证：The Certificate of One-child49. 天坛：Altar of Heaven in Beijing50. 小吃摊：Snack Bar/Snack Stand51. 红双喜：Double Happiness52. 政治辅导员：Political Counselor/School Counselor53. 春

14、卷：Spring Roll(s)54. 莲藕：Lotus Root55. 追星族：Star Struck56. 故宫博物院：The Palace Museum57. 相声：Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue58. 下岗：Lay off/Laid off59. 北京烤鸭：Beijing Roast Duck60. 高等自学考试：Self-taught Examination of Higher Education61. 烟花爆竹：fireworks and firecracker62. 敦煌莫高窟：Mogao Caves63. 电视小品：TV Sketch/TV Skit64.

15、香港澳门同胞：Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao65. 文化大革命：Cultural Revolution66. 长江中下游地区：The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River67. 门当户对：Perfect Match/Exact Match68. 水浒：Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh69. 中外合资企业：Joint Ventures70. 文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）：The Four Treasure of the Study Brush, Inkstick, Paper, and Inkston

16、e。其它必背单词1. abroad 国外2. absence n. 缺席 (absent adj.)3. accept 接受)4. accident 事故 (accidental adj. 偶然的，accidentally adv. 偶然地)5. achievement 成就 (achieve v. 获得)6. address 地址7. admire 钦佩8. admit承认（admitted)9. agreement 协议10.agriculture 农业 (agricultural adj. 农业的) industry 工业（industrial工业的）11. altogether 总共1

17、2. ancient 古代的13. announce 宣告、通知 announcement ( n. 口头通知)14. anxiety 忧虑 (anxious adj. 焦急的，anxiously adv. 焦急地)15. apologize v. 道歉 (apology n. 道歉)16. appear 出现（appearance 外貌 n.）disappear消失/不见17. appreciate感激/欣赏 (感激人用thank sb；谢谢某人做的事用appreciate sth.)18. Asian(亚洲的)19. assistant 助手20. astonish 吃惊 (astonis

18、hment n. 吃惊，astonishing令吃惊的，astonished吃惊的)21. astronaut 宇航员22. atmosphere气氛23. attempt尝试 (n / v) attempt to do sth24. attentively 专心地25. attention 专心 pay attention to doing sth26. attitude 态度27. attract 吸引 (attraction吸引力)28. average 平均 / 平均的29.on average 平均30. balance 平衡 keep the balance of nature 保

19、持生态平衡31. beauty 美 (beautiful, beautifully ) beautify美化32. believe 相信 (belief n. 信念，其复数是beliefs)33. beyond超过34. biology 生物35. birthday 生日36. bravery 勇敢 brave勇敢的 bravely勇敢地37.broad 宽阔的38. broadcast 广播(broadcast broadcast;)39. care 关心 careful 小心的 carefully小心地40. ceiling 天花板41. cinema 电影院42. celebrate 庆

20、祝43. celebration 庆祝n.44. century 世纪45. challenge 挑战46. character 性格47. charge收费 be charge of48. comfort v. & n. 安慰 comfortable 舒适的adj. comfortably adv.舒适地49.take charge of 管理50. comment 评论51. communicate （vt） communication (n) 交流52. competition 竞赛 (compete v. 竞赛competitor 竞赛者)53. composition 作文54. c

21、oncert 音乐会55. conclude v. conclusion n. 结论56. condition情况 (conditions条件)57. concern 关心 (vt)58. congratulations 祝贺 (congratulate v.)59. constant 不断的 constantly 不断地60. construction (建设)61. continue 继续62. contribution 贡献 (contribute v.) make contributions to 对做出贡献63. convenient (adj.) 方便的 conveniently方

22、便地64. conversation 谈话65. coughing 咳嗽66. cousin 表兄弟67. cruel的 (adj. cruelly 残酷地adv.)68. curious 好奇的 (curiosity n. 好奇)69. culture（cultural文化的adj.）70. customer 顾客71. whether 是否72. custom 习俗73. destroy 毁灭 (其过去式是destroyed)74. declare 宣称75. delicious 美味76. damage 损坏77. determined 有决心的 be determined to do

23、sth 决心做某事78. develop 发展 (development n. developing 发展中的，developed发达的)79. dialogue 对话80. diary 日记 (dairy 奶制品)81. difference 不同点 (复数differences) different不同的 differently 不同地differ from be different from make differences82. disappointed 失望的 (disappointing 让人失望的)83. disappointment 失望84. discovery 发现 (复数

24、discoveries，动词discover，发现者discoverer)85. disturb打扰86. dollar 美元 (其复数是dollars)87. downstairs 楼下 upstairs楼上88. dream 梦想 (其过去式是dreamed或dreamt)89. electricity 电 (electrical电的，electric 电的)90. employ 雇用 (employment n. employer 雇主， employee雇员)91. empty 倒空 (可用动词，其过去式是emptied)92. encourage鼓励 (encouraging, en

25、couraged, encouragement n.) encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事93. energy 能量94. envelope 信封95. envy n. 妒忌96. equal (平等的) equality 平等97. equipment 设备98. especially 尤其是99. essential (重要的)100. European 欧洲人101. event 事件107. expert 专家102. excellent 极好 (excellence n. excellently adv.)104. exhibition 展览105. exp

26、ense 耗费 expensive 昂贵的106. experience 经验/经历 (experienced 有经验的) an unusual experience 一次不同寻常的经历 have much experience 经验丰富107. express (vt) 表达 expression (n)108. impress 印象 impression (n.)109. fail v.失败 failure n.失败 fail to do sth 没做成某事110. familiar(熟悉的) be familiar to /with111. worship 崇拜112. favorite

27、 最喜爱的 flexible 灵活的113. figure 人物/数字114. finger 手指115. flight 飞行116. forehead 前额117. foreign (外国的)118. fortunate幸运的 fortunately幸运地 unfortunately 不幸运地119. forward 向前120. freezing 极冷的 (frozen 冷冻的)121. frequently 经常地122. furniture 家具123.far 远的 further 进一步的124. generally 大概 generally speaking 一般来说125. ge

28、ography 地理126. Germany 德国127. government 政府128. gradual 逐渐的 gradually 逐渐地129. graduation 毕业 (graduate from毕业于 )130. grammar 语法131. habit 习惯 form a habit of 养成习惯132. handkerchief 手绢)133. honest 诚实的 honesty 诚实134. honor/honour 荣誉135. imagination 想象力 (imagine v.)136. immediate (立即的) immediately马上(adv)1

29、37. take measures 采取措施138. form a habit of 养成习惯139. incident 小事件140. including 包括 (include v.)141independent 独立的142. industry 工业 (industrial adj. 工业的)143. information 信息144. instrument 仪器145. institute 学院146. inspire激励 (inspiration n. inspiring鼓舞人心的,inspired 受鼓舞的)147. interest 兴趣 interesting 有兴趣的 be

30、 interested in 对感兴趣148. interrupt 打断149.judging from 根据来判断150. introduce 介绍 (introduction n.)151. regular 规则的 irregular 不规则的152. journey 旅程153. judge 判断 (judgment)154. kindergarten 幼儿园155. knowledge 知识156. labor/labour 劳动157. late 迟的 lately 最近158. laugh 笑 laughter 笑声159. law 法律 lawyer 律师 legal 合法的 i

31、llegal 非法的160. library 图书馆 librarian 图书馆理员161. lose 掉失,（lost ，lost） loss 损失 n.162. luck 幸运 lucky 幸运的 luckily 幸运地163. magazine 杂志164. majority (大多数)165. weather 天气166. manage 设法 (manager经理, management管理) manage to do 设法做到.167. market (市场) supermarket 超市168. marriage 结婚 (marry v. 结婚，married已婚的) get ma

32、rried to 与某人结婚169. material(s)材料)170. whisper 低语171. mayor 市长172. mean (意味、打算) meaning 意义 meaningful 有意义的173. measure 测量174. medal 奖章 (比较：model 模型 metal 金属)175. memory记忆力 (memorize v. 记住，remember 记得)176. message 口信177.musician 音乐家178. modern现代的179. modest谦虚的180. monitor 班长181. moustache 胡子182. murde

33、r谋杀 (murderer 凶手)183. music 音乐 musical音乐的184. mysterious 神秘的 (mystery 神秘)185. nationality国籍 (nation 国家，national国家的)186. nature 自然 natural自然的)187. naughty 淘气的188. normal 正常的189.it is necessary for sb to do sth 某人有必要做某事190. necessary 必要191. obey (遵守) break 违反192. obvious 明显的 obviously 明显地193. offer (主

34、动提供) offer to do sth 主动做某事194. operate 动手术 operation 手术195. opportunity 机会（=chance）196. ordinary 普通的197. organize/organise(组织) organization组织198. particularly 特别是199. passenger 旅客200. problem 难题 question 问题201. patience 耐心patient 耐心的；病人 (patiently 耐心地)202. wealth财富203. perfect 完美（的） (perfectly) Prac

35、tice makes perfect.熟能生巧204. perform (表演)205. perhaps 或许206. period 时期207. permit 许可 vt permission许可 n208. persuaded(说服)209. phenomenon 现象 phenomena 现象（复数）210. physicist 物理学家211. pilot (飞行员)212. poisonous 有毒的 (poison)213. political 政治的 (politics)214. popular 受欢迎的215. population 人口216. position 职位217.

36、 possibility(-ies) 可能性 (possible 可能的)218. poverty 贫穷n (poor贫穷的 )219. waste (浪费) Its a waste to do sth 做某事时一种浪费220. practice 实践 practical (可实施的，实际的)221. prepare（准备) preparation222. press 压/按 pressure (压力)223. pretend 假装 pretend to do sth 假装做某事224. professor 教授225. profit 利润226. progress 进步 make good

37、progress 进步很大227. pronounce 发音 pronunciation (n.发音)228. provide 提供 (比较：supply/ provide sb with sth offer sb sth 提供某人某物,229. public 公众230. purpose 目的 on purpose 故意地231. quality 质量/素质232. quantity（数量)233. realize (实现vt) reality n.现实234. receive 收到235. recently (最近= lately)236. recycle ( 循环再用)237. reco

38、gnize 认出238. regards 问候 give my regards to sb 请带我向某人问候239. remind 提醒 remind sb of sth 提醒某人某物240. repeat vt.重复(repetition n.重复)241. respect 尊敬242. restaurant 餐馆243. temperature 温度244. satisfaction 满意 (satisfy, satisfied, satisfying)245. umbrella (雨伞)246. Saturday (星期六)247. scientific 科学的248. scientif

39、ic 科学的249. secretary 秘书250. secretly (秘密地)251. separately 单独地252. separate (单独的adj、分开vt)253. serious 严重的 (seriously)254. serve (v) service (n) 服务255. shortcoming 缺点256. silence 安静 (silent安静的-silently安静地)257. succeed (vi) 成功success (n) 成功 successful (adj) 成功的 successfully (adv) Succeed in doing sth 成

40、功做某事（=be successful to do sth）258. similar 类似的 (similarity ies相似之处)259. situation 形势/情况260. slightly (稍微)261. society 社会 (social adj. 社会的)262. southern (南方的) northern 北方的 western 西方的 eastern 东方的263. special 特别的264. species 物种 (单复数同形)265. spring 春天266. square 平方267. steal stole -stolen (偷)268. straig

41、ht (直的)269. suit 合适 suitable 合适的270. support 支持/支撑 support the family 养家糊口271. surprise 吃惊 to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是 be surprised at 对.感到吃惊272. surround 包围 surrounding 周围的 surroundings 环境273. swimming (游泳n.)274. technique 技术 (technical adj. 技术的)275. technology 技术276. theory 理论 in theory 理论上277. thirs

42、t 渴n thirsty 口渴的adj278. thorough 彻底的289. total 合计280. traffic 交通 traffic jam 塞车281. translate 翻译 translation 翻译 translator 翻译家282. interpret 解说, interpreter 口语翻译)283. usual 平常的 unusual 不寻常的unusually 不寻常地284. unwilling 不愿意 (willing adj. 愿意 will n. 意志) be willing to do 愿意做285. vacation 假期(=holiday )286. various 各种各样的 (variety n. 种类)287. victim 受害者288. victory 胜利289. vocabulary 词汇290. voyage 航行