2023年高考英语新时政热点阅读 16 历史故事（含解析）.pdf

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1、2023年 高 考 英 语 新 热 点 时 文 阅 读-历 史 故 事 题 型 主 要 内 容 1 阅 读 理 解 讲 述 了 电 影 阿 波 罗 1 3号 背 后 真 实 发 生 在 太 空 的 生 死 逃 亡 的 故 事。2 阅 读 理 解 讲 述 了 达 尔 文 的 两 本 笔 记 本 在 剑 桥 大 学 图 书 馆 被 盗，在 失 踪 2 0年 后 又 再 现 图 书 馆 的 故 事。3 阅 读 理 解 讲 述 了 梁 思 成 和 林 徽 因 夫 妇 为 保 护 中 国 古 建 筑 而 做 出 的 努 力，他 们 的 努 力 提 高 了 公 众 保 护 历 史 建 筑 的 意 识。4

2、阅 读 理 解 讲 述 了“泰 迪 熊 这 一 词 的 由 来。5 阅 读 理 解 介 绍 了 人 们 对 富 兰 克 林 由 著 名 的 雨 天 放 风 的 实 验 而 发 现 了 电 的 存 在 所 提 出 的 质 疑。6 语 法 填 空 讲 述 了 成 语“程 门 立 雪 背 后 的 故 事。01（2022 湖 南 师 大 附 中 高 三 阶 段 练 习）200,000 miles from Earth,the crew of the third manned missionto the Moon faced an astronaufs worst nightmare:an explos

3、ion on the spacecraft.Its what happened in theOscar-winning film Apollo 13,but its also a true story.The lift-off of Apollo 13 took place on 11th April 1970.Two days into the mission,the three-man crewwere in big trouble.They had been carrying out routine checks when there was a loud bang.Warning li

4、ghtswere starting to flash.Looking out into space,they could see a trail of gas the spacecraft was leakingoxygen.They sent out a short message to the scientists back on Earth:Houston,weve had a problem here.”At first,they thought that a meteor（流 星）had hit them,but they later found out that a short c

5、ircuit had causedan oxygen container to explode.Whatever the cause,they knew there was no time to lose.Their electricitysupply in the command module（指 令 舱）depended on that oxygen and pretty soon they would run out ofboth.The only solution was to move into the lunar module-the section of the spacecra

6、ft that would havelanded on the Moon.Now though,they were using it as a kind of lifeboat.With its own power supply,oxygenand water,the three men could survive in the lunar module and return to Earth.There was another problemthough.In an enclosed space like a lunar module,the carbon dioxide the crew

7、was breathing out wasdangerous.The equipment to clear the air of carbon dioxide was only built for two people.Now it had to dealwith three.Amazingly,the crew managed to build an adapter out of materials onboard to reduce the carbondioxide to a safe level.There was one final hindrance.The lunar modul

8、e wasnt strong enough to re-enter Earths atmosphereso the crew had to go back into the damaged command module.To everyones relief,the crew of Apollo 13arrived safely in the South Pacific Ocean on April 17th.Although the crew didnt land on the Moon,NASAstill considered the mission a success.1.What wa

9、s the astronauts9 first reaction to the explosion?A.They went out to land on the Moon.B.They informed scientists on Earth.C.They moved into the lunar module.D.They looked into the cause of the explosion.2.How did the astronauts solve their air situation in the lunar module?A.By moving back to the co

10、mmand module.B.By lowering the carbon dioxide level.C.By creating a new oxygen supply.D.By limiting the oxygen use.3.What does the underlined word in the last paragraph mean?A.Surprise.B.Mission.C.Obstacle.D.Circumstance.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.A Successful Miss

11、ion B.An Amazing AdventureC.Deep Space Exploration D.Life-and-Death Drama in Space02（2022-ill 西 现 代 双 语 学 校 南 校 三 模）Two of naturalist Charles Darwins notebooks that were reportedstolen from Cambridge Universitys library have been returned,two decades after they disappeared.The university said on Tue

12、sday that the manuscripts were left in the library inside a pink gift bag,alongwith a note wishing the librarian a happy Easter.The notebooks,which include the 19th-century scientists famous 1837 Tree of Lifesketch onevolution,went missing in 2001 after being removed fbr photographing,though at the

13、time the staff believedthey might have been misplaced.After the staff had searched the librarys collection of 10 million books,maps and manuscripts,but failed to find them,they were reported to police in October 2020 as stolen.Darwin filled the notebooks with ideas shortly after returning from his v

14、oyage around the world on theship HMS Beagle,developing ideas that would bloom into his landmark work on evolution On the Origin o fSpecies.The notebooks are estimated to be valued at millions of dollars.On March 9,2022,the books reappeared,left in a public area of the library,outside the librarians

15、 office,which is not covered by security cameras.The universitys director of library services,Jessica Gardner,saidher relief at the books?reappearance was profound and almost impossible to properly express.“The notebooks can now retake their rightful place alongside the rest of the Darwin archives（档

16、 案）atCambridge,at the heart of the nations cultural and scientific heritage,alongside the archives of Sir IsaacNewton and Professor Stephen Hawking,“she said.The notebooks are set to go on public display from July as part of a Darwin exhibition at the library.Cambridgeshire police said their investi

17、gation was continuing,and we are following up some lines of inquiry.We also renew our appeal for anyone with information about the case to contact us,“the force said.5.What caused the notebooks to go missing?A.Being left in a pink plastic bag.B.Getting removed by two naturalists.C.Getting mixed with

18、 other collections.D.Being taken away for taking pictures.6.Why werent the notebooks reported to the police until 2020?A.The staff had misplaced them.B.The staff misjudged the situation.C.The notebooks were guaranteed to be returned.D.The notebooks were too worthless to be reported.7.How did Jessica

19、 Gardner feel about the reappearance of the notebooks?A.Anxious.B.Disturbed.C.Indifferent.D.Oveijoyed.8.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.The police were to drop the case.B.New witnesses have come forward.C.The stealer has yet to be determined.D.The investigation came to a dead end.03（2

20、022浙 江 省 长 兴 中 学 模 拟 预 测）Many of Chinas ancient architectural treasures smashed to dustbefore Lin Huiyin and Liang Sicheng began documenting them in the 1930s.The husband and wife teamwere among the first preservationists to operate in China,and by far the best known.Their efforts have sinceinspired

21、 generations of people to speak out for architecture threatened by the rush toward development.Becoming Chinas best architectural historians was no easy accomplishment.The buildings they wantedto save were centuries old located in distant parts of the country.In many cases,they had to journey throug

22、hdangerous conditions in the Chinese countryside to reach them.Exploring Chinas remote areas during the1930s meant traveling muddy,poorly maintained roads by mule（骡 子）or on foot.Inns were often dirty,foodcould be polluted,and there was always risk or violence from rebels,soldiers and robbers.Their g

23、reatest discovery was the Temple of Buddhas Light,in Wutai County,Shanxi Province.Thebreathtaking wooden temple was built in 857 A.D.,making it the oldest building known in China at thetime.Liang and Lin crawled into the temples most forbidding,forgotten areas to determine its age,includingone hidea

24、way inhibited by thousands of bats and millions of bedbugs,covered in dust and littered with deadbats.In complete darkness and among the awful smell,hardly breathing,with thick masks covering ournoses and mouths,we measured,drew,and photographed with flashlights for several hours.When at last wecame

25、 out to take a breath of fresh air,we found hundreds of bedbugs in our bag.We ourselves had been badlybitten.Yet the importance and unexpectedness of our find made those the happiest hours of my years huntingfor ancient architecture.Liand wrote of the experience in an account included in“Liang and L

26、in;Partnersin Exploring Chinas Architectual Past.9.On their way to the ancient buildings,what kind of difficulties and risks do Liang and Lin face?A.Poor accommodations and personal security.B.Poor accommodations and smelly areas.C.Broken vehicles and violence from robbers.D.Broken vehicles and mudd

27、y roads.10.Liang and Lin raised public awareness o f.A.documenting smashed historical buildingsB.rebuilding historically valuable buildingsC.saving the oldest temples in ChinaD.protecting historical buildings.11.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.Creativeness results in disco

28、veryB.Difficulty produces achievementC.Efforts contribute to happinessD.Responsibilities contribute to development04（2022江 西 兴 国 中 学 二 模）In November of 1902 President Theodore Roosevelt,a noted huntingenthusiast,had been invited to join a bear hunt near the town of Smedes,Mississippi.When the Presid

29、enthad initially proven unsuccessful on this hunt,guide Holt Collier determined to find a suitable quarry（猎 物）for Roosevelt.Tracking a 235-pound bear to a watering hole,Collier knocked out the unfortunate bear and tied itsecurely to a nearby tree.A messenger was sent for the President,but when Roose

30、velt arrived he wasunimpressed by the sight of abound,dazed and bleeding bear.He had been shocked and disappointed by thisunfamiliar method of hunting,using packs of dogs to track,flush out and wear down the prey while the hunterneed only lie in wait for the animal to be driven to him.This was far f

31、rom the physical challenge Rooseveltwas accustomed to and fond of.He not only refused to claim the bear himself,but forbade anyone else fromdoing so as well.Regrettably,the rarely repeated resolution to the story does not include a happy ending forthe bear.Seeing the condition of the injured bear,wh

32、ich had been badly bitten by the dogs,Roosevelt askedthat it be put out of its misery.Reporters with the hunting party soon spread news of Roosevelfs fair play nationwide.Among thoseinspired by the story was Washington Post political cartoonist Clifford Berryman,who produced a wildlypopular cartoon

33、of the incident.New York City storeowners Morris and Rose Michtom were further inspiredby the cartoon,and Mrs.Michtom produced two stuffed bears for sale in their shop.The Michtom familyeven claimed to have written to Roosevelt and received permission to attach his name to the toy.Teddysbear“swiftly

34、 became a hit,and later an enduring pop-culture symbol that has long outlasted its inspirationand namesake.12.What did President Roosevelt think of the method of hunting?A.Novel.B.Unacceptable.C.Traditional.D.Effective.13.What probably happened to the bear in the end?A.It bled to death.B.It was set

35、free by the president.C.It was taken to a shelter.D.It was killed at Roosevelfs request.14.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.The cartoon was named after President Roosevelt.B.The Michtoms were on good terms with Roosevelt.C.People thought highly of Roosevelfs attitude to animals.D.The inci

36、dent had a bad influence on the Michtom family.15.What can be the best title for the text?A.An Unlucky Bear B.History of the Teddy BearC.A Merciful President D.A Successful Stuffed Toy05（2022河 南 高 三 专 题 练 习）As for Benjamin Franklins kite-and-key experiment,most people areaware of the version in whic

37、h Franklin“discovered electricity when lightning struck his kite.However,several details about this experiment are unknown,including when and where it happened.Some historianseven doubt whether it took place.In fact,electricity had already been used for centuries before Franklins experiment.Franklin

38、 lived from1706 to 1790 when electricity was understood O S the interaction between two different fluids（流 体），whichFranklin later referred to as plus and“minusIt was unknown before Franklins experiment whether lightning was electrical,though some scientists,including Franklin,had guessed just that.F

39、ranklin was particularly interested in this because lightning strikeshad caused disastrous fires where houses were made of wood.Actually,by creating a lightning rod（避 雷 针）,Franklin helped to protect wooden buildings from being struck by lightning.A few publications reported the experiment.In 1771 Fr

40、anklin referred to the experiment in hisautobiography,and other colleagues also wrote about it.Notably,the experiment appeared in History andPresent Status of Electricity“by Joseph Priestley.Priestley heard about the kite and key experiment fromFranklin himself around 15 years after the fact,and in

41、his book,he wrote it occurred in June 1752.However,in a book by Tom Tucker,he noted Franklins description of his experiment was phrased inthe future conditional tense:4 4As soon as any of the Thunder Clouds come over the Kite,the pointed Wirewill draw the Electric Fire from Franklin could have simpl

42、y been saying that the experiment could,in theory,be performed.Given that his statement has a few missing detailsFranklin didnt list a date,timeor location,for example its possible that Franklin did not perform the experiment himself.However,some historians remain unconvinced that the experiment was

43、nt carried out.Franklin experts,such as biographer Carl Van Doren,also point to the fact that Priestley specified the month in which Franklinperformed his experiment,suggesting that Franklin must have given him precise details directly.16.What was Franklins achievement?A.He invented the lightning ro

44、d.B.He discovered electricity.C.He thought of ways to control fire.D.He improved the structure of homes.1 7.What can we learn from paragraph 4?A.Franklin lived in the 17th century.B.Priestleys book came out in 1786.C.Priestley and Franklin were close friends.D.Priestley wrote the experiment happened

45、 in summer.18.Why was the future conditional tense stressed by Tucker?A.To indicate he was good at observing.B.To point out Franklin was careless in writing.C.To show Franklin was just saying a possibility.D.To prove Franklin did the experiment by himself.19.What is mainly talked about in the text?A

46、.The discovery of electricity.B.The development of the lightning rod.C.Benjamin Franklins autobiography.D.Different opinions on Franklins experiment.06(2022.江 西 新 余.二 模)阅 读 下 面 短 文，在 空 白 处 填 入 1 个 适 当 的 单 词 或 括 号 内 单 词 的 正 确 形 式。Honoring teachers and their intelligence has always been a tradition in

47、 China.Since ancient times,teachers 20(respect)as messengers of wisdom.The famous Chinese idiom,“Cheng Men Li Xue”,which 21(literal)means“standing in the snow at the gate of Chengs home”,is a wonderful example.“Cheng“refers to Cheng Yi,a leading 22(educate)of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty.Att

48、racted by Chengs theory,Yang Shi,a talented and hardworking young man,worshiped Cheng as hismentor.One day,Yang and his friend had different opinions on one question and went to Chengs home foradvice.It was in the middle of winter.Feeling 23(freeze)by the wind and snow,the two men wrapped24(they)tig

49、htly in their clothes and hurried on.When they arrived at Chengs place,the gatekeepersaid the master 25(take)a nap.The two students did not complain.Instead,they chose not 26(disturb)the teacher and waitedoutside the door,standing in heavy snowfall.After quite some time,Cheng,upon waking up,became a

50、ware 27 his students had been standingin the snow for a while 28 immediately invited them to come in.Deeply moved by their patience,Cheng gave detailed answers 29 the students*questions.After years of study,Yang finally achievedhis life goal as a great scholar.参 考 答 案：1 B 2.B 3.C 4.D【导 语】本 文 是 一 篇 记