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1、考点五十一短文填空之首字母填空 k 考点详解首字母填空是根据句意和已给出首字母，在句子的空白处填上适当的单词，使句子意思完整，语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。满分技巧 1.跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇内容和要旨。快速阅读时宁粗勿

2、细，切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题，这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途。快速阅读时，还要注意找出关键词，这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能，抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别是要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。2.复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知

3、识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。如短文难度较大，尤其是难于选词时，从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领，就要进一步扩大到上下文中分析。3.三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细

4、读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。性联踪训练,AMy friends and I got to talking about the rules that we have in school.At our school,we have to w 1 uniforms every day.The problem is that all myclassmates think the uniforms

5、a 2 ugly.We think young people should looks 3 and so we would like to wear our own clothes.Our teachers believe that if wedid that,we would concentrate more on our clothes t 4 our studies.We disagree.We would feel more comfortable and that is good fbr s 5 If we cant do that,weshould be allowed to de

6、sign our own uniforms.That would be a good way to keep bothteachers and students h 6 Its also probably a good idea for parents to a 7teenagers to study in groups during the evening.I know we get noisy sometimes,b 8 we can learn a lot from each other.We also think that vacations should belonger.At pr

7、esent theyre too short.Longer vacations would g 9 us time to dothings like volunteering.Last summer I had an opportunity to volunteer at the localhospital,but I couldnt because I had to go back to school.It would be a good experiencefbr me because I want to b 10 a doctor when I grow up.【答案】1.wear2.

8、are 3.smart4.than 5.studying6.happy 7.allow8.but 9.give10.be/become【解析】【分析】短文的作者与朋友一起谈论了学校的一些规章制度。在他们学校学生每天都要穿校服，但有些同学认为穿校服很难看，应该允许学生穿自己的衣服。老师则认为如果那样的话，学生们会更注重衣服而不是学习。他们还认为父母应该允许青少年在晚上集体学习，假期应该更

9、长些，更长的假期会给学生时间去做志愿者之类的事情。【1题详解】句意：在我们学校，我们每天都要穿校服。havetodosth.必须做某事，结合句意以及首字母提示可知，答案为 wear。【2 题详解】句意：问题是我所有的同学都认为校服很难看。ugly是形容词，与前面的系动词构成系表结构，故答案为 are。【3 题详解】句意：我们认为年轻人应该看起来漂亮。lo o k为系动词，后

10、跟形容词作表语，根据首字母提示可知，答案为 smart。【4 题详解】句意：我们会更注重衣服而不是学习。m ore是 m uch的比较级，拿衣服与学习相比较，此句缺少连词 thano【5 题详解】句意：我们会觉得舒服些，这对学习很有好处。begoodfor对有益，for后跟 V-ing形式，根据首字母提示可知，答案为 studying。【6 题详解】句意：这是一个让老师和学生都开心的好方法。keepsb

11、.+adj.使某人怎么样，形容词作宾语补足语，根据首字母提示可知，答案为 happy。【7 题详解】句意：父母允许青少年在晚上集体学习也是一个好主意。allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事，结合句意以及首字母提示可知，答案为 allow。【8 题详解】句意：我们可以从彼此身上学到很多东西。前句的句意为：我知道我们有时会吵闹，与本句之间构成转折关系，故答案为 but

12、。【9 题详解】句意：更长的假期会给我们时间去做志愿者之类的事情。would后跟动词原形，根据句意以及首字母提示可知，答案为 give。【10题详解】句意：这对我来说是一次很好的经历，因为我长大后想成为一名医生。want to do sth.想做某事，结合句意可知，答案为 be/become。BThe police find most criminals because somebody tells them who the crimin

13、als are.They find other criminals by using science and their computers.When there is a bankrobbery,the police first look t 1 1 their computers for the names of the bank robbersthat they know about.Then they go and talk to any of these robbers who are not inp 12 They ask them where they were when the

14、 robbery happened.If any of thesepeople cannot give a good a 13 the police will often use science to find out if oneof them is the robber.Many criminals leave something of themselves at the places of the c 14 like afingerprint or a hair.Or they take something away on their s 15 or clothes,like dirto

15、r animal hair.If they leave behind some of their b 16 or their hair or a piece ofskin,it will have their DNA inside it.Everyone9s DNA is different and their f 17 are also different.So,if a criminalcuts himself during a robbery or leaves his hair,or e 18 a small piece of skin,scientists can find out

16、what his DNA is.The police can then ask the s 19 to givethem his hair or some blood and see w 20 it has the same DNA.Many criminalsare in prison today because of this kind of evidences.【答案】11.through12.prison 13.answer14.crime 15.shoes16.blood 17.fingerprints18.even 19.suspect20.whether【解析】【分析】试

17、题分析：这是一篇说明文，作者简单介绍了警察是如何通过犯罪嫌疑人在现场留下的罪证，诸如指纹、头发、血迹或皮肤，进行 D N A比对，从而确定谁是罪犯的，显示了科学的强大用途。1 1题详解】look through仔细检查/审查（某物）；根据句意和英文提示，联系上下文，可知填 through o【12题详解】in prison坐牢/进监狱；根据句意和英文提示，可知填 prison。【13题详解】根据

18、句意和英文提示，联系上文 They ask them where they were when the robberyhappened.,可知是 give a good answer 给出一个好答案，故填 answer。【14题详解】at the places o f在.的地方；根据句意和英文提示，可知填 crime。【15题详解】clothes衣物；o r或者，前后是并列关系，表选择；根据句意和英文提示，联系上下文，可知填 shoes。【16题详解】o r或者，连接的

19、前后是并列关系；根据句意和英文提示，结合上下文，可知填 bloodo【17题详解】根据句意和英文提示，联系前文 Many criminals leave something of themselves at theplaces of the crime like a fingerprint or a hair,可知填 fingerprintso【18题详解】a small piece of skin 小块皮肤；根据句意，这里是强调，结合英文提示，可知填 even。【19题详解】as

20、k sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事；the suspect嫌疑犯；根据句意和英文提示，联系上下文，可知填 suspect o【2 0题详解】see看，后面句子是宾语从句，做其宾语；根据句意和英文提示，联系上下文，可知填 whethero点睛：短文填空题，要求根据句意及首字母提示用单词的正确形式填空，主要考查单词形式，包括名词的单复数和所有格、动词的三单形式、非谓语动词、基数词

21、或序数词，主格代词/宾格代词和物主代词（形容词性物主代词/名词性物主代词）等。这类题目难度不大，重点是掌握文意和句意，在理解的基础上把握句子时态，从而判断所给单词的正确形式。CRobert was a young man who majored（主修）in creative advertising in college.Hewalked to his c 21 for daily lessons because he lived nearby.One morn

22、ing,he wentto his college on foot as he u 22 did.He saw a blind man sitting on the steps of abuilding with a sign by his feet that r 23:I am blind,please help.Robert waswalking by the blind man and stopped to d 24 that the man only had a few coins inhis hat.He put a few of his own coins in the hat,a

23、nd w 25 stopping to ask forpermission（允许）,took the sign,turned it around,and wrote a new message.He thenplaced the sign by the feet of the blind man,and went on his w 26Later that afternoon Robert returned by the blind man and n 27 that his hatwas almost completely f 28 of bills and coins.The blind

24、 man recognized hisfootsteps and asked if it was him who had changed his sign.He also wanted to know whatwas w 29 on it.The young man replied:I just changed your m 30 so people could relate（联系）to it.n He wished the man well,said goodbye and left.The blind man didnt know it,but his new sign now said

25、：”Today Is Spring and ICannot See It.n【答案】21.college22.usually23.read 24.discover25.without26.way 27.noticed28.full 29.written30.message【解析】【分析】试题分析：这是一篇爱心小故事，讲述了主修创意广告的大学生罗伯特创意地为一个盲人修改行乞广告的事情经过，赞扬了他的智慧和爱心。2 1题详解】his他的，后接名词；根据句意和首字

26、母提示，结合下文 he went to his college on foot,可知填 collegeo【2 2题详解】d o做，谓语动词，可用副词修饰；根据句意和首字母提示，结合上文 He walked tohis college for daily le sso n s,可知填 usually。【2 3题详解】根据句意和首字母提示，结合下文“I am blind,please help.”是木牌上面的具体内容,可知填 reado 2 4题详解】stop to d o停下

27、来去做另一件事；根据句意和首字母提示，结合下文 the man only hada few coins in his hat.是他看到的东西，可知填 discover 2 5题详解】stopping动名词形式，前面需用介词；根据句意和首字母提示，结合上下文，可知填 without o【2 6题详解】go on his w ay继续走他的路；根据句意和首字母提示，结合文意，可知填 way。【2 7题详解】根据句意和首字母提示，可

28、知填 noticed。【2 8题详解】full o f充满，尽是；根据句意和首字母提示，结合上文 who majored in creativeadvertising in c o lle g e.,可知填 full。【2 9题详解】want to know想知道；根据 wrote a new m essage和首字母提示，结合上文 asked ifit was him who had changed his sign.,可知填 written 3 0题详解】your你的，后接名词；根据 wrote a new

29、m essage和首字母提示，结合上文内容，可知填 messageo点睛：短文填空题，要求根据句意及首字母提示用单词的正确形式填空，主要考查单词形式，包括名词的单复数和所有格、动词的三单形式、非谓语动词、基数词或序数词，主格代词/宾格代词和物主代词（形容词性物主代词/名词性物主代词）等。这类题目难度不大，重点是掌握文意和句意，在理解的基础上把握句子时

30、态，从而判断所给单词的正确形式。晨真题再现 A根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。The villagers in Mhangeni,Africa,faced a very big challenge（拟 K 战）.They didnthave a school for their kids.Then the village elder thought of an i 3 1.He said that there was an old,abandoned（废弃的）farm

31、house.It could be changed into classrooms after cleaning andfurnishing（装设备）it.All the villagers were p 32 with his suggestion and startedthe project immediatelyThe parents repaired the broken walls.Some villagers d 33 the house intothree classrooms by using pieces of wood.The others helped make de

32、sks and chairs forthe students.Still,there was much more work to do.But the rains were coming.They hadto s 34 working for the school as it was now the best time for them to plant.So the children of Mhangeni decided to finish the house by t 35.They had tohurry as summer had ended and other schools ha

33、d already opened.They didnt want todelay（耽搁）their studies.Every day they were busy with cutting the grass and clearingthe bushes（灌木）.The news about the poiject s 36 and many people knew it.Two teachers whoworked for the countrys Department of Education arrived to help out.and two foreignvisitors w

34、ere also touched（感动）by the childrens a 37.They donated money forthem to buy textbooks and stationery.After 10 days of hard work,the new school was r 38.The kids were veryhappy but a bit worried一 they were behind in their studies.Besid6s（除.之外）this,they also faced many d 39.There were not enoughclas

35、srooms to hold all the students.And two or three students had to share one book.However,the children are happy to study in school-e 40 in their newschool which they helped to build.Though their school might not be modern,their dreamof having a school near their homes has come true.【答案】31.idea32.ple

36、ased33.divided34.stop 35.themselves36.spread 37.actions38.ready 39.difficulties40.especially【解析】【分析】本文介绍了生活在非洲的 mhangeni的村民。他们面临着一个巨大的挑战，他们没有为孩子们提供学校。村长说可以把一座废弃的旧农舍用作教室。所有村民都很满意，立即开始了这项工程。由于雨季的到来，村民们不得不停下来去种植。孩子们

37、决定自己接着修建教室。这个消息不胫而走。两位教师前来帮助。两位外国游客也被孩子们的行为所感动。经过 10天的努力，新学校已经准备好了。但是他们还面临许多困难：没有足够的教室容纳所有的学生。两到三个学生不得不共用一本书。虽然这样，但是孩子们还是很高兴的，因为他们在自己修建的学校里读书。3 1题详解】句意：这时村长想到了一个主意。根据 He sa

38、id that there was an old,abandoned（废弃的）farmhouse.It could be changed into classrooms after cleaning and furnishing（装设备）it.他说有一座废弃的旧农舍。它可以在打扫清洁和装饰后用作教室。可知，这是村长所想到的一个主意，再结合首字母提示可知，填：idea。因为前面有不定冠词 a n,因此 idea用单数。故答案为 idea。【3 2题详解】句意：所

39、有村民都对他的建议很满意，立即开始了这项工程。根据 started the projectimmediately.立即开始了这项工程。说明村民们对于村长的提议很满意，再结合首字母提示可知，填：pleasedo be pleased with：对.感到满意。所以答案为：pleasedo【3 3题详解】句意：一些村民用木头把房子分成三个教室。根据 Some villagers d 3 the houseinto three classrooms

40、by using pieces of w ood.一些村民用木头把房子三个教室。可知，应该是把房子分成三个教室，再结合首字母提示可知，填：divideo 本文叙述过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时，divide的过去式为 divided。所以答案为：divided【3 4题详解】句意：他们不得不停止为学校工作，因为现在是他们种植的最佳时机。根据 Buttherains were com ing.和 as it was now

41、 the best time for them to plant.可知，由于雨季的至 U来，这是人们种植的最好时节，因此应该是停止建学校。再结合首字母提示可知，填：stop。had to是情态动词，后跟动词原形。故答案为 stop。【3 5题详解】句意：于是，mhangeni的孩子们决定自己建成这座房子。do sth.by oneself,oneself用在动词后面，可以强调主语，表示“某人自己“，和 by oneself是一个意思，

42、即表示“靠某人自己”的意思。因此本题应该填反身代词，再结合首字母提示和主语 thechildren of Mhangeni 可知，填：they 的反身代词 themselves。故答案为 themselves。【3 6题详解】句意：关于这个项目的消息传开了，很多人都知道。根据 many people knew i t.很多人都知道。可知，这个消息是传开了的。再结合首字母提示可知，填：spreado由 and后面的句子 and ma

43、ny people knew it.可知，该句话的时态为一般过去时，因此 a n d前面的句子也要用一般过去时。spread的过去式为 spread。所以答案为：spread。【3 7题详解】句意：两位在该国教育部工作的教师前来帮助。两位外国游客也被孩子们的行为所感动。根据 The news about the project s 6 and many people knew i t.关于这个项目的消息传开了，很多人都知道。以

44、及 two foreign visitors were also touched（感动）bv the childrens a 7.两位外国游客也被孩子们的所感动。可知，应该是孩子们的行为感动了他们。再结合首字母提示可知，填：action。又因为该空前面的 the childrens是复数的名词所有格，因此后面的名词应该用复数。故答案为 actions。3 8题详解】句意：经过 10天的努力，新学校已经准备好了。根据 After

45、10 days of hard w ork,经过 10天的努力。可知，新学校应该是准备好了。再结合首字母提示可知，填：readyobe ready：准备就绪。所以答案为：ready【3 9题详解】句意：除此之外，他们还面临许多困难。There were not enough classrooms to holdall the students.And two or three students had to share one b o o k.没有足够的教室容纳所有的学生。两到

46、三个学生不得不共用一本书。可知，这些都是他们所面临的困难。再结合首字母提示可知，填：difficulty。m any后面跟可数名词的复数，difficulty的复数为 difficulties。所以答案为：difficulties【4 0题详解】句意：然而，孩子们很乐意在学校学习，尤其是在他们帮助建立的新学校里。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：especially。especially表示陈述某一事实之后，列

47、举一个具有代表性的例子，作进一步强调，其后可接名词、介词短语、从句等。本题就是为了进一步强调，强调孩子们很乐意在学校里学习。因此填：especiallyo【点睛】英语首字母填空技巧 1.通读短文知大意，看整体全面了解来源：与阅读理解题和其它类型的完形填空一样，首先要通读短文，了解文章的大意。每篇短文段落之间必然承上启下、前呼后应。因此通读全文时要

48、一气呵成，只要能了解短文的大意即可，细节不理解可以跳过。因此，在解题之前通读一遍短文，目的是对文章有个全面的了解，弄清其中心思想和大意。2.复读短文抓信息，前后照应巧猜词在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通读短文，目的是对短文有更进一步的了解。在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头（一般不设空）和结尾，它们能提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所描

49、述的事件或文章的中心思想。在阅读过程中，要注意上、下文的关系，这对于把握文章的整体意义大有用处。另外，要学会跳读，即对不理解的地方采用暂时回避的方式，待真正理解全文之后再找解决的方法。有些短文填空题，有时出现约 3%5%的生词是很正常的，这就要求学生根据构词知识或上、下文的意思加以猜测，来确定它的词义。3.反复推敲多分析，慎重答题讲合理

50、再次通读短文，对留空的句子进行全面的分析，看它在全文中所处的位置、作用和意义。这一遍阅读要求是精心阅读，要留心找出关键词、短语或句子，还要结合所给首字母的提示，进行填写，并注意单词的正确形式。例如：第 3 小题，句意：一些村民用木头把房子分成三个教室。根据 Some villagers d 3 thehouse into three classrooms by using pieces of wood.一

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