高考英语阅读理解解题思维.pdf

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1、阅读理解满分解题思维、正确的解题步骤阅读理解解题四步走。1.扫描题目，题干，画出关键词1 .首末段原则，首句原则2.读题，归类题型3.重叠选项，得出答案第一，扫面题干，画出关键词。拿到一份阅读试题，很多同学都有一个习惯误区，先看文章再解题，从前到后浏览文章，再去解题。一篇文章通常是300词左右，有各种从句长难句特殊结构，外加大量生词。考题通常设置4 个，在不知道考什么内容的情况下，很难从这篇快读浏览过的文章中捕捉到有效信息。所以，第一步请务必先扫描题目，题干。对于给出标题的文章标题很关键，它几乎是提纲挈领告诉你这篇文章的主要内容。题干就是题的序号后的那句话，不包括后面紧跟的ABCD四个选项，扫

2、描四个选项的话信息量过大记忆不下来，且有三个是错误的干扰选项反而会影响到对文章判断。一定要画出关键词，阅读需要处理很多信息，容易忘掉，一定要动一动笔头。那么关键词又是什么呢？所谓关键词是能够提供有效信息的词，能够在文章中迅速定位细节的词。第二，首末段原则和首句原则。阅读理解的文章宏观上分为两种类型。一是首段提出问题引出话题，接着逐层递进，末段作出总结。二是首段没有提出问题，每段逐层递进最后一段做出总结。大概就这两种文章轮廓，所以大首末端最重要，首末端必须要细读。中间段的特征一般是第一句独立成句,是对本段的一个统领。后面的话往往是对首句的解释说明和补充。第三步是读题，归类题型。我们要知道每一种题

3、它的题型，每一种题型给出对应的方法。英语阅读理解主要有四种题型，分别是主旨题，细节题，词义题和推断题。第四步叫重叠选项，得出答案。只有满足两个条件才能保证选项全对，第一对于四个选项可以排除掉三个选项，即 ABCD排除掉了 ABC三个选项，D 一 定是正确的。第二种情况就是大部分时候四个选项只能排除掉两个，剩下两个一定要回归原文反复品读推敲，不可主观判断。二、读文时的细节标注在扫描题目题干，画完关键词后该阅读文章了，读文一个非常重要的问题就是做题注意细节标注。一篇文章很长在读文章的时候要一边读一边标注出重要信息，那些地方是要标注的呢？做题注意细节标注But,yet,however,!,?-，因果

4、连词1 .转折后是作者的说话重心2.!,?是作者情感色彩浓厚的地方，或是提出问题发人深思的地方3.解释说明4.because,so,therefore.因果连词是一 种重要的逻辑关系。三、特殊标点的作用1.句号，分割句子，以句号为单位，把段分割成块，然后各个击破。2.逗号，两个逗号之间是补充说明部分，可以先跳过不读。（举文章中例子）3.冒号，冒号是补充说明前面的内容，冒号前后有一个从抽象到具体的过程。4.分号：前后两部分并列I）语义上的并列2）结构上的并列5.破折号：两个破折号之间是补充说明的成分，可以不读。6.引号：1）引某人的观点2）有特殊含义，如反讽讽刺与原先意思不一致看到问题时再回来7

5、.括号：1）补充说明，2）解释生词）四、各种题型所对应的解题方法第一个题型是主旨题，所谓主旨题就是文章的主要观点是什么，主要谈论的是什么，或者这个文章最好的题目是什么 whats the best title of the passage?what,s the main idea/topic of the passage?whatdose the passage mainly discuss?And so on.主旨题方法:第一个是快速作文法。我们从字面意思看一下就是让你快速以选项ABCD提供的题目迅速构思一篇汉语的文章。看看以此为题，你会怎么来写这篇文章，你构思的文章是否与我们这篇英语文章契

6、合。或者说是倒推法，给你题目你来推出一篇文章。第二个思维是穿线摘帽法。当用快速作文法只能排除掉两个选项时，这个时候用串线摘帽法来验证一下究竟哪一个才是正确答案。穿线摘帽的意思就是把首段看一下，中间段落的首句看一下，最后一段看一下，把这些内容串起来。首末段就是帽，中间段落首句就是线，我们把他们穿起来看所表达的意思跟哪个选项更接近吻合。只要是使用了快速作文法和穿线摘帽法，一定能够精确地作出主旨题。要是能够了解到出题人的陷阱所在，同学们一定能到避让开从而选出正确答案。所以这个了解干扰选项的设置至关重要，大家一定牢记于心。主旨题干扰/错误选项的设置：1.局部信息2.范围过宽第二类题型是词义题、指代题词

7、义题和指代题是同一个题型，就是文章中画出一个词，短语或句子让选它的意思或者选它所指代的内容。或者标示出一个代词that,those,i t,让我们来选择它所指代的内容。这类题我们有两个方法。一个是代入替换法，分 别 把 ABCD四个选项的意思依次带进去，看哪一个代入后句子通顺，符合逻辑，我们就选择它。二是就近归纳法，就近归纳法从字面理解要从这个划线词附近就近推断它的意思，一般来说我们重点要研读的句子是本词所在的这一句，本词的的上一句话和下一句话，若本词所在句就能推断出其意思，就不再看上一句和下一句，若不能我们着则需要把这三句话仔细研读推断其意思。大家注意，词义题的推断范围一定不能远离这个词，其

8、隐含指代的意思一定在其周围的句子。词义题方法：1 代入替换法2 就近归纳法做题思路：1）返回原文，找出该词汇出现的地方2）注意结合上下文，理解该单词的含义3）若是简单词汇，其字面含义必定不是正确答案4）词汇题的正确答案经常隐藏在原文中该词汇出现的附近5）寻找时应注意同位语，特殊标点，定语从句，以及前后缀，特别注意搜索时的同词性原则。第三类题型是细节题，阅读理解中细节题的比重最大，根据统计接近80%都是细节题。细节题又分为题干细节题和选项细节题两种，题干细节题也就是说通过题干问题中的关键词回原文中定位这个细节，这就是题干细节题，题干细节题需要发掘的细节信息量相对较少。还有一种细节叫选项细节题,也

9、就是ABCD四个选项，每个选项都有自己的关键词，需要分别回原文去定位各个细节，通常的设题方式为以下四个选项正确的是？以下哪一个不符合事实？等细节题考察的范围很广，而且出题点很细微。那我们怎样才能做对细节题，怎样达到阅读理解的满分，达到很高的一种水平，就看我们的发现细节能力了，的细节决定满分，仔细把握细节了。我们看看阅读理解的高境界，高水平是怎样的？就是在快速浏览文章的时候就知道哪些细节处要出题了。你看到的不是文章，看到一个个句子处仿佛这个句子在说，我是细节题，答案在这儿，你看的都是问题和答案。那么，哪些通常哪些地方会出细节题。1.举例子，打比方处 for example,for instanc

10、e,such as32.转折处 but,yet,however3.因果句 because,therefore,so4.特殊标点符号细节题出没5.段落首尾句细节题出没第四类题型为推断题。根据文章提供的事实和线索，理性和逻辑推断。常见设问方式：We can infer from the passage that.What can we learn about the authors children?The second paragraph probably implies that.What can you conclude from this passage.注意：1.切忌过度推断2.常与文段

11、中心主旨相关五、正确答案的设置特征1.经常与中心主旨相关2.同义替换和句意的复现3.选项中还有委婉语气词might,may,could4.具有总结性概括性深刻性的选项5.选项内容位于文章段首，段末，转折处六、错误答案的设置特征1 .正反混淆(答非所问，偷换概念)2.扩大范围3.无中生有4.过分绝对(never,must,only,always.)以上我们整体理论上感知了阅读理解满分的解题思维，下面我们通过一些真题来实战一下。真题精讲精练oneHave you ever received a gift that was so clearly not your taste that you won

12、dered if perhaps it hadbeen handed to you by mistake?Worse,have you ever given a present and watched your friend look asthough she had opened the wrong box?Maybe she responded with a polite Why,thank you,but you knewyou had missed【he maik.Why do presents sometimes go wrong?And what do your choices（g

13、ood and bad）reflect about your personal qualities?Choosing the right gift is an art,I believe.It calls fbr empathy-the ability to put yourself intosomeone elses head and heart.Were all able to do this;in fact,we*re born with a kind of natural empathy.After the earliest period of childhood,however,it

14、 needs to be reinforced（力 口强）一by our parents,teachers,friends.When it isnt,were not able to understand other peoples feelings as sharply.This can show in thegifts we select,and so can many other emotional（情 感 的）qualities.Think back to the presents youve given over the past year,the time and effort y

15、ou put into yourselection,how much you spent,your thoughts while you were shopping,and your feelings when the receiveropened the package.Keep in mind that what you choose displays your inner world.Of course,you mayexpress yourself differently with different friends,relatives,and other people you kno

16、w.We live in a society where exchanging presents is an important part of communication.Ignoring thetradition wont make it go away.If you really dislike such a tradition,tell your friends ahead of time.1.The underlined expression you had missed the mark means you had failed to.A.make her feel betterB

17、.keep your friendshipC.receive a present in returnD.get the expected effect2.Which of the following is the main idea of the second paragraph?A.Natural empathy needs to be reinforced.B.Emotional changes influence ones choice of gifts.C.Selecting the right gift is an ability people are born with.D.Cho

18、osing gifts requires one to understand the receivers.3.In the third paragraph,the author tells us that.A.attention should be paid to the receivers responsesB.one learns from what he did in the pastC.the choice of gifts reflects one*s emotional qualitiesD.one should spend more time choosing gifts4.Th

19、e best possible title for this passage is A.Ways of Choosing GiftsB.An Important TraditionC.Exchanging PresentsD.Message in a GiftTWOHow could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments-mostly forentertainment purposes-is fair and respectful?Zoo officials say they are

20、concerned about animals.However,most zoos remain“collections”ofinteresting“things“rather than protective habitats（栖息地）.Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keepanimals bored,lonely,and far from their natural homes.6Zoos claim（声称）to educate people and save endangered species（物种）,but visitors le

21、ave zoos withouthaving learned anything meaningful about the animals,natural behavior,intelligence,or beauty.Zoos keepanimals in small spaces or cages,and most signs only mention the species name,diet,and natural range（分布区）.The animals,nonnal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos dont usually take

22、 care of the animalsnatural needs.The animals are kept together in small spaces,with no privacy and little opportunity for mental andphysical exercise.This results in unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis.A worldwide studyof zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in

23、small spaces or cages.Another study showedthat elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars,and bearsspend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth,a sign of unhappiness and pain.Furthermore,most animals in zoos are not endangered.Captive breedin

24、g（圈养繁殖）of endangered bigcats,Asian elephants,and other species has not resulted their being sent back to the wild.Zoos talk a lotabout their captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species dying out.In fact,baby animals also attract a lot of paying customers.Havent

25、 we seen enough competitions to namebaby animals?Actually,we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasonspeople kill them.Instead of supporting zoos,we should support groups that work to protect animals,naturalhabitats.1.How would the author describe the

26、animals,life in zoos?A.Dangerous.B.Unhappy.C.Natural.D.Easy.2.In the state of zoochosis,a ni ma l s.A.remain in cages B.behave strangelyC.attack other animals D.enjoy moving around3 What does the author try to argue in the passage?A.Zoos are not worth the public support.B.B.Zoos fail in their attemp

27、t to save animals.C.Zoos should treat animals as human beings.D.Zoos use animals as a means of entertainment.4.The author tries to persuade readers to accept his argument mainly by.A.pointing out the faults in what zoos do7B.using evidence he has collected at zoosC.questioning the way animals are pr

28、otectedD.discussing the advantages of natural habitats5.Although he argues against zoos,the author would still agree t hat.A.zoos have to keep animals in small cagesB.most animals in zoos are endangered speciesC.some endangered animals are reproduced in zoosD.its acceptable to keep animals away from

29、 their habitatsTHREEAs a professor at a large American university,there is a phrase that I hear often from students:Im onlya 1050.“The unlucky students are speaking of the score on the Scholastic Aptitude Test（SAT）,which isused to determine whether they will be admitted to the college or university

30、of their choice,or even have achance to get a higher education at all.The SAT score,whether it is 800,1 100 or 1550,has becomes thefocus at this time of their life.It is obvious that if students value highly their test scores,then a great amount of their self-respect is putin the number.Students who

31、 perform poorly on the exam are left feeling that it is all over.The low test score,they think,will make it impossible fbr them to get into a good college.And without a degree from逢prestigious university、they fear that many of lifes doors will remain forever closed.According to a study done in the 1

32、990s,the SAT is only a reliable indicator of a studenfs futureperformance in most cases.Interestingly,it becomes much more accurate when it is set together with otherindicators-like a students high school grades.Even if standardized tests like the SAT could show astudents academic proficiency（学业水平）,

33、they will never be able to test things like confidence,efforts andwillpower,and are unable to give us the full picture of a students potentialities（潜力）.This is not to suggestthat we should stop using SAT scores in our college admission process.The SAT is an excellent test in manyways,and the score i

34、s still a useful means of testing students.However,it should be only one of manymethods used.1.The purpose of the SAT is to test students9.A.strong willB.academic ability8C.full potentialitiesD.confidence in school work2.Students,self-respect is influenced by theirA.scores in the SATB.achievements i

35、n mathematicC.job opportunitiesD.money spent on education3.“A prestigious universityis most probablyA.a famous universityB.a technical universityC.a traditional universityD.an expensive university4.This passage is mainly about.A.how to prepare for the SATB.stress caused by the SATC.American higher e

36、ducationD.the SAT and its effectsFourEveryones at it,even my neighbors.I thought I might be the only person left in the world who hadntdone an eBay deal.So,I decided to try my hand at online auction(网上拍卖).Buying for beginners:Sign up on www.ebay.co.uk.Most items(e.g.tables,computers,and books)ready

37、for auction will come with a picture and a short description;others may be marked with“Buy It Nowand have a fixed price.You can buy these right away.9If the item is being auctioned,you offer the highest price you are prepared to pay and eBay bids（出价）for you.The bid will be increased little by little

38、 until it goes beyond your highest bid,then you are emailedand asked if you would like to bid again.Auctions last up to 10 days and when they finish you get an emailtelling you whether you have won the item.How to pay:Sellers decide how they would like to be paid and you need to check this before pl

39、acing a bid asyou might not want to post a cheque or postal orders.The easiest way is through PayPal,an online paymentsystem that takes the money away from your credit card（信用卡）.Selling made simple:If you plan to sell on eBay,it helps to include a picture of the item.I followed myfriends advice and

40、put up the items I wanted to sell for a 10-day auction,starring on a Thursday.This waybuyers had two weekends to bid.The big things in life:Its easy to post a small item,but furniture is a big part of eBay and this has to becollected or sent by deliverymen.Cheek the ways of delivery before you bid.1

41、.What is the passage mainly about?A.How to make payment online.B.Ways of making delivery onlineC.Advantages of an online-auction system.D.How to use an online-auction system.2.After bidding fbr an item,a buyer.A.will get what he wants in ten daysB.should make payment immediatelyC.has chances to make

42、 higher bidsD.may check its picture and description3.The easiest way of making payment mentioned in the passage is.A.through an online payment systemB.through a local banking systemC.by sending the money to the sellerD.by paying the deliveryman directly10FIVEIt was a winter morning,just a couple of

43、weeks before Christmas 2005.While most people werewarming up their cars,Trevor,my husband,had to get up early to ride his bike four kilometers away fromhome to work.On arrival,he parked his bike outside the back door as he usually does.After putting in 10hours of labor,he returned to find his bike g

44、one.The bike,a black Kona 18 speed,was our only transport.Trevor used it to get to work,putting in 60-hourweeks to support his young family.And the bike was also used to get groceries（食品杂货），saving us fromhaving to walk long distances from where we live.I was so sad that someone would steal our bike

45、that I wrote to the newspaper and told them our story.Shortly after that,several people in our area offered to help.One wonderful stranger even bought a bike,thencalled my husband to pick it up.Once again my husband had a way to get to and from his job.It really is anhonor that a complete stranger w

46、ould go out of their way for someone they have never met before.People say that a smile can be passed from one person to another,but acts of kindness from strangers areeven more so.This experience has had a spreading effect in our lives because it strengthened our faith inhumanity（人性）as a whole.And

47、it has influenced（影响）us to be more mindful of ways we,too,can sharewith others.No matter how big or how small,an act of kindness shows that someone cares.And the resultscan be everlasting.1.Why was the bike so important to the couple?A.The mans job was bike racing.B.It was their only possession.11C.

48、It was a nice Kona 18 speed.D.They used it for work and daily life.2.We can infer from the text that.A.the couple worked 60 hours a week.B.people were busy before ChristmasC.the stranger brought over the bikeD.life was hard for the young family.3.How did people get to know the couples problem?A.From

49、 radio broadcasts.B.From a newspaper.C.From TV news.D.From a stranger.4.What do the couple learn from their experience?A.Strangers are usually of little help.B.One should take care of their bike.C.News reports make people famous.D.An act of kindness can mean a lot.SIXMany animals recognize their foo

50、d because they see it.So do humans.When you see an apple or apiece of chocolate you know that these are things you can eat.You can also use other senses when youchoose your food.You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good.You may dislike sometypes of food because they do not loo