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1、3年局考2年模拟1年原创精品系列专题21阅读理解社会生活、文化教育类阅读【2017年高考命题预测】预 测 一 高考阅读理解所选材料通常都ks5u是国外网站上的地道的英语文章，然后经过命题专家整合、改编而成。文章主要介绍国内外的文化风俗、历史名胜、人文地理、著名人物等。预 测 二 文章的篇幅较短，词数多为280 3 3 0,兼顾多种体裁，通常有记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等，要求考生充分利用所给信息，回答文章提出的问题。通常文章难度不大，关键是考查考生高效处理信息的能力，还要求考生对文章有更深层次的理解。但是题目并不容易，很容易出错。全国卷的命题逐渐向地方自主命题卷，尤其是新课标地区的试卷看齐

2、，不断增加词汇量和文章长度，向新课标过渡。预 测 三 题目设置灵活多样，通常以细节理解题ks5u为主，推理判断题为辅，兼顾猜测词义、句意题及目的意图题和主旨大意题。这种命题特点要求考生更好地了解文章中的有用信息，提高阅读速度。【ks5u考点定位】2017考纲解读和近几年考点分布社会文化包括经济、政治、文化、科学等各种题材，是高考英语阅读理解的热点题材。它以中西文化差异作为选材的重点，比如礼仪、语言、价值观、生活习惯等为主题。题材涉及社会、文化、教育、体育等方面的内容。一般一篇文章一个主题，以议ks5u论文和记叙文为主。命题方面，既重主旨把握，又重特定细节、推理判断。从近年的高考题看，阅读内容的

3、社会实用性越来越强，更重视语言和文化的关系，阅读材料会更多地涉及社会化背景知识。因此，要通过阅读更多地涉及社会文化背景知识，更多地了解并丰富自己的知识。【考点pk】名师考点透析考点一、细节事实理解。一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺 序（时间、空间、情感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具ks5u体事实或细节出发来设计题目。此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用下列方式来提问46.Wh

4、ich of the following statements is(not)true correct?47.Which of the following is not mentioned?48.All of the following are true except.49.Ac cor ding to the passage.when,where why how how what which,etc.?1.直接事实题在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找出。如：A giant dam was built many years ag

5、o to control the Colorado River in the U.S.This dam was built toprotect the land and houses around the river.This huge dam is in the Black Canyon.lt is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to theother on a road,which is on the top of the dam.This dam is so big that there is an elevator

6、 inside.Theelevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom.There is enough concrete in thisdam to build a highway from New Yoik to San Francisco.Thousands of people worked on this dam forfive years.This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 193 6.Later it was rena

7、med HooverDam in honor of a president of the United State s.Hoover Dam,one of the highest dams in the world,is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.Q：Hoover Dam liesA.betweenArizona and NevadaB.in the Black CanyonC.between New York and San FranciscoD.both A and B【解析】由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话

8、可得出正确答案是D 项。2.间接事实题解答此类题，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian,host of the well-received TV programmet4Stars Tonight”,Miss Luo Lin,Miss Asia of 1991,appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TVscreen last Sunday.Bom in Shanghai and taken to Hongkong when she was only six y

9、ears old,Luo Linhas never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an airhostess.Before she took part in the competition,she had been an airhostess in CathayAirline for seven years.However,it still took her three months to learn the art ofwalking on the stage,dancing,singing,making-u

10、p and other proper manners,designed bythe Asia TV Station.“Its really a hard job for me.I wont enter for such competition any more.Anyhow,I am quite lucky.I am also glad to have had more chance to work fbr the social welfaresince I won the title.This time,in Shanghai,Id love to make a deep impressio

11、n on myTV audience,“said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.Q：Which of the following is NOT true?A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B.Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents.C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.【解析】A、C和D项都可在原文找到答案，而B项原文所给的是：take

12、n toHongkong 可判断不是 moved to Hongkong with her parents,因此选 B。3、数据推算。If you register both the VIEW qualification course and the Forum at the sametime,you will save.A.$100 B.$300 C.$350 D.$400这类题目要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做此类题时：1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息，那些属ks5u于干扰信息。3.不要孤立看待数字信息

13、，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。考点二、主题理解或写作意图推断。一、主旨阅读理解题考查的内容1.短文的标题(title,headline)；2.短文或段落的主题(subject)；3.中心思想(main idea)；4.作者的写作目的(purpose)。二、此类题的设问方式l.What would be the best title for the text?2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?3.What is the passage mainly about?4.The main purpose of announcing the

14、above events is.考点三、推理推断。推理题耍求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻ks5u辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。此类题的设问常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：l.We can infer from the Passage that.2.What can be inferred from the Passage?3.Which of the following can be inferred f

15、rom the Passage?4.1t can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that.5.The author suggests in this paragraph that.6.The writer implies that.7.It can be inferred that.8.It can be concluded from the Passage that.9.On the whole,we can conclude that.lO.From the text we can conclude that.11.After reading the Passa

16、ge we may conclude that.12.What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage?13.The author is inclined to think that.14.When the writer talks about,what he really means is that.15.Whats the writers attitude/feeling towards.?16.In the writers opinion,.近年来，高考加大了对学生判断推理能力的考查。判断推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推

17、论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。做题时要注意题干的语言形，如According to thepassage.,It can be inferred from the passage that.；It can be concluded from the passagethat 等，虽然从表面上看是问有关全文的题，但实际上不用看全篇，仍然只需要根据选项中的线索找到原文中与之相关的一句话或几句话，然后得出答案。针对推理题的不同形

18、，可以采取以下做法：1.假如题干中有具体线索，根据具体线索找到原文相关句（一句或几句话），然后做出推理；2.假如题干中无线索，如It can be inferredfrom the passage that.；It can be concluded from the passage that 等，先浏览一下 4个选项，排除不太可能的选项，然后根据最可能的选项中的关键词找到原文相关句，作出推理；3.如果一篇文章中其他题都未涉及文章主旨，那么推理题，如infer,conclude题型，可能与文章主旨有关，考生应该定位到文章主题所在位置（如主题句出现处）；假如其他题已经涉及文章主旨，那么要求推断出来

19、的内容可能与段落主题有关，如果如此，应该找段落主题所在处；如果不与段落主题有关，有时与全文或段落的重要结论有关，这时可以寻找与这些结论相关的原文叙述。考点四、词义、句义猜测。词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。此类题的设问方式主要有l.The word.”in Line.means/can be replaced by.2.As used in the passage,the phrase14.suggests.3.From the passage,we can infer that the word/phra

20、se is/referred to.4.The word.”is closest in meaning to.猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。1.定义法。如：Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool veryslowly.句子给予annealing以明确的定义，即“退火”。It will b

21、e very hard but also very brittle-that is,it will break easily.从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是“脆”的意思。The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a year.定语从句中looks after sheep就表明了 herdsman的词义为 牧人”。2.同位法。如:They traveled a long way and at last got to a castle,a large building in old times.同位语部分a lar

22、ge building in old times给出了 castle的确切词义,即“城堡。We are on the night shift-from midnight to 8 a.m.一this week.两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明nightshift是“夜班”的意思。3.对比法。如：She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her firstclass.but一词表转折，因此b u t前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出她

23、平时一向“准时”的结论。4.构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）。如：Perhaps,we can see some possibilities for next fifty years.But the next hundred?possibility是 possible的同根名词，据此可以判断定possibility意思是“可能性”。5.因果法。如:The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.Sometimes the weakness waspermanent.So the player could never play the spo

24、rt again.从后面的结果 永远不能再运动”中，可以推测permanent的意思为 永远的，永久”。【三年高考】14、15、16高考试题及其解析2016年高考试题1.2016 全国新课标I BGrandparents Answer a CallAs a third generation native of Brownsville,Texas,Mildred Garza never pleased move away,.Evenwhen her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children,s

25、he politelyrefused.Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Gaf finally say yes.That was four years ago.Today all three generations regard the move to a success,giving them a closer relationship than theywould have had in separate cities.No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garz

26、a who are moving closer to the childrenand grandchildren.Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing.Even PresidentObamas mother-in-law,Marian Robinson,has agreed to leave Chicago and into the White House tohelp care for her granddaughters.According to a study grandparents com.83 perc

27、ent of the peoplesaid Mrs.Robinson s decision will influence the grandparents in the American family.Two-thirdsbelieve more families will follow the example of Obamas family.“in the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn/t get away from home far enough fast enough toprove we could do it on our o

28、wn/says Christine Crosby,publisher of grate magazine forgrandparents.We now realize how important family is and how important to be near them,especially when youre raining children/Moving is not for everyone.Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildrenand is willing to make sac

29、rifices,but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead.Having your grandchildren far away is hard,especially knowing your adult child is struggling,butgiving up the life you know may be harder.25.Why was Garzas move a success?A.It strengthened her family ties.B.It improved her livi

30、ng conditions.C.It enabled her make more friends.D.It helped her know more new places.26.What was the reaction of the public to Mrs.Robinsons decision?A.17%expressed their support for it.B.Few people responded sympathetically.C.83%believed it had a bad influence.D.The majority thought it was a trend

31、.27.What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?A.They were unsure of raise more children.B.They were eager to raise more children.C.They wanted to live away from their parents.D.They bad little respect for their grandparent.28.What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the lasr paragraph

32、?A.Make decisions in the best interests of their ownB.Ask their children to pay more visits to themC.Sacrifice for their struggling childrenD.Get to know themselves better2.12016 全国新课标I】DThe meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful,or they may be empty when a person

33、 has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness,or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable;therefore attemptsmay be made to fill every gap（间隙）with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary fo

34、r understanding apersons needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people,just as sometraditional Chinese and Thai persons do.Therefore,when a person from one of these cultures is speaking andsuddenly stops,what maybe implied（暗示）is that the person w

35、ants the listener to consider what hasbeen said before continuing.In these cultures,silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways,particularly when dealing with conflicts amongpeople or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example,Russian,Fre

36、nch,and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic underdiscussion.However;Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authorityrather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.In still another use,persons in Asiancultures m

37、ay view silence as a sign of respect,particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when theycome across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.Nurses should recognize theirown personal and cultural

38、 construction of silence so that a patient/s silence is not interrupted tooearly or allowed to go on unnecessarily.A nurse who understands the healing（治愈）value of silencecan use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.32.What does the author say ab

39、out silence in conversations?A.It implies anger.B.It promotes friendship.C.It is culture-specific.D.It is content-based.33.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?A.The Chinese.B.The French.C.The Mexicans.D.The Russians.34.What does the author advise nurses t

40、o do about silence?A.Let it continue as the patient pleases.B.Break it while treating patients.C.Evaluate its harm to patients.D.Make use of its healing effects.35.What may be the best title for the text?A.Sound and SilenceB.What It Means to Be SilentC.Silence to Native AmericansD.Speech Is Silver;S

41、ilence Is Gold3.2016 全国新课标n】BFive years ago,when I taught art at a school in Seattle,I used Tinkertoys as a test at thebeginning of a term to find out something about my students.I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front ofeach student,and said:Make something out of the Tinkertoys.You have 45 minutes

42、 today-and45minutes each day for the rest of the week.”A few students hesitated to start.They waited to see the rest of the class would do.Several otherschecked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided.Anothergroup built something out of their own imaginations

43、.Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time.His constructionsfilled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home.I was delighted at thepresence of such a student.Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work.His presence meant thatI had an un

44、expected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect（感染）other students.Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside.I ran the risk of losing those students who hada different style of thinking.Without fail one would declare,nBut Im just not creative.”“Do you dream at night when you

45、re asleep?”“Oh,sure.”“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.The student would tell something wildlyimaginative.Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads.Thats pretty creative.Who does that for you?”“Nobody.I do it.”uReally-at night,when youre asleep?”“Sure.”“Try doing it

46、 in the daytime,in class,okay?”5.The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to?A.know more about the studentsB.make the lessons more excitingC.raise the students,interest in art D.teach the students about toy design6.What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?A.He liked to help his te

47、acher.B.He preferred to study alone.C.He was active in class.D.He was imaginative.7.What does the underlined word“downside”in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Mistake.B.Drawback.C.Difficulty.D.Burden.8.Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?A.To help them to see their creativity.

48、B.To find out about their sleeping habits.C.To help them to improve their memory.D.To find out about their ways of thinking.4.2016 全国新课标ID CReading can be a social activity.Think of the people who belong to book groups.They choosebooks to read and then meet to discuss them.Now,the website BookC turn

49、s the page onthe traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share.BookCrossingprovides an identification number to stick inside the book.Then the person leaves it in a public place,hoping that the book will have an adventure,traveling fa

50、r and wide with each new reader who finds it.Bruce Pederson,the managing director of BookCrossing,says,“The two things that change yourlife are the people you meet and books you read.BookCrossing combines both.Members leave books on park benches and buses,in train stations and coffee shops.Whoeverfi