2022年中考英语语法复习宾语从句知识点及练习.pdf

《2022年中考英语语法复习宾语从句知识点及练习.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年中考英语语法复习宾语从句知识点及练习.pdf（16页珍藏版）》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、宾语从句知识点：在复合句中，由一个句子充当宾语，这个句子叫作宾语从句。宾语从句常见的引导词有从属连词 th a t,w h e th e r,i f；连接代词 w h o,w h om,w h ose,w h a t,w h i c h 等；连接副词 w h e n,w h e r e w h y,h ow 等,一、宾语从句的句法功能1 .作 动 词（短语）的宾语如：I w on d e r w h e th e r J un e i s a g ood ti m e to v i si t Hon g K on g.主 语 谓 语 宾语从句我想知道六月是否是参观香港的好时节。2.作介词的宾语

2、如：T h e e x p r e ssi on s th e y use m i g h t d e p e n d on w h o m th e y a r e sp e a k i n g to.主语 谓语 宾语从句他们使用的表达方式可能取决于他们与谁交谈。3.作系表结构的宾语如：|a m g l a d th a t th e Ch i n e se l a n g ua g e h a s h e l p e d m e a l ot i n d i f f e r e n t w a y s.主 语 系 动 词 表 语宾语从句二、宾语从句的引导词词类引导词在句中的功能例句从属连词

3、That（无实际意义）不作成分，无实义，可省略Fliey think（that）robots will even be able to talk（从句成分完整，that无实际意义）like humaiis in 25 to 50 years.他们认为在25至50年后机器人甚至可以像人类一样说话whether（是否）不作成分，不可省略I wonder if/whether theyll have the races again next year.（从句成分完整,whether/if意 为“是否”）if我想知道他们明年是否会再次举行比赛。（是否）连接代词Who（谁，主格）除了起连接作用外，还在从

4、句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语等,不可省略We used a watch to see who was the fastest.我们用手表来看谁是最快的。（who作主语）Whom（谁,宾格）Do you know whom the boy standing at the door is?你（whom作表语）知道站在门口的那个男孩是谁吗？连接代词Wliose（谁的，所有格）除 r 起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语等，不可省略Could you tell me whose book it is?（whose作定语）你能告诉我这是谁的书吗？what（什么）We nevei-know

5、 what will happen in the fiitiire!（what作主语）我们永远不会知道未来会发牛.什么！which（哪个）He hasnt decided which wallet he should buy for his（which作定语）father.他还没有决定为他的爸爸买哪一个钱包。连接副词Wlien（什么时候）除了起连接作用外，还在从句中充当状语，不可省略Can you tell us when the band starts playing this evening?（when作时间状语）你能告诉我们乐队今天晚上什么时候开始演奏吗？Wliere（什么地方）I wo

6、nder where we should go next.（where作地点状语）我想知道接下来该去哪里。How（怎样：如何）Could you please tell me how to get to the post office?（how作方式状语）你能告诉我如何去邮局吗？why（为什么）Youd better explain why you were late for class again.（why作原因状语）你最好解释一下为什么课乂迟到fo只 能 用whether不 用if的情况1.与or not连用时如：I don t know whether he will come home

7、 for the festival or not.我不知道他是否会回家过节。2.引导介词后的宾语从句时如：Im thinking of whether we will go hiking tomorrow.我在考虑明天是否要去远足。3.与不定式连用时如：Im wondering whether to go shopping later.我想知道一会儿是否去购物。4.引 导discuss等动词后的宾语从句如：We are discussing whether its necessary to solve the problem right now.我们正在讨论是否有必要立即解决这个问题。5.宾语

8、从句置于句首时如：Whether he will attend the meeting,Im not sure.我不确定他是否会参加会议。6.当用if有歧义时如：Please tell me if you will come.这句话有两种意思：“如果你来的话请告诉我。”或“请告诉我你是否会来。”若表达“是否”,则用 whether.练习:()1.My cousin will drive me to school today,but I don t know well leave.A.what B.where C.when D.why2.we will hold the sports meeti

9、ng depends on the weather these days.(Whether/If)3.He suggested we should take part in the volunteer activity during the summerholiday4盲填)三、宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序为陈述语序，即连接词+主语+谓语+其他。1 .陈述句作宾语从句时，仍用原陈述语序。如：Everyone should use public transportation.-1 think that everyone should use public transportation.主 句 连

10、 接 词 从 句 主 语 从 句 谓 语 从句宾语2.疑问句作宾语从句时，原来的倒装语序要改为陈述语序。如：Did he buy the bike online?f I asked him if/whether he bought the bike online.主句 连 接 词 从 句 主 语 从 句 谓 语 从句宾语Where is the nearest station?f Can you tell me where the nearest station is?主句 连接词 从句主语 从句谓语如果特殊疑问词本身作主语或主语的定语时，这种特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序，变为宾语从句时，语序

11、不变。如：Who told you the good news?f I wonder who told you the good news.练习：（）1.Do you know to see the Beijing Opera?-Yes,you can go to Mei Lanfang Theatre.A.where can we go B.where we can goC.when shall we go D.when we shall go2.Is he from Canada?I want to know th at.（合并为一句）3.it,to L book,is,know,whos

12、e,want（连词成句）4.will,the.I,house,into,wonder,new,he,when,move（连词成句）四、宾语从句的时态1.主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：He believes that he has a bright future ahead.一 般 现 在 时 一 般 现 在 时他相信自己的前途光明。They are talking about which team will win the basketball game.现在进行时 一般将来时他们正在讨论哪支队将赢得这场篮球比赛。I have k

13、nown that he worked here five years ago.现在完成时 一般过去时我知道他五年前在这里工作。2.主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），从句的时态一定要用过去的时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。She said that the sad movie made her cry.一般过去时 一般过去时她说那部悲伤的电影使她哭了。I was wondering if she was doing her homework at that time yesterday.过去进行时 过去进行时我想知道昨天那个时候她是否正在做作业。He

14、was thinking about when he would go abroad for further study at that moment.过去进行时 过去将来时那个时候他正在考虑他什么时候将出国深造。When I got to school,I realized that I had left my backpack at home.一般过去时 过去完成时当我到学校时，我意识到我把背包落在家里了。3.从句表达客观事实或规律，即使主句是过去的时态，从句一般不受主句时态的影响,仍用一般现在时。如：The teacher told us that practice makes perf

15、ect,so we should do more practice.一般过去时 客观事实用一般现在时老师告诉我们熟能生巧，所以我们应该做更多的练习。We all knew that the earthjs round and it moves around the sun.一般过去时 客观事实用一般现在时我们都知道地球是圆的，而且它绕着太阳公转。练习:()1.1 the novel The Old Man and the Sea when he came in.A.had read B.was readingC.am reading D.would read2.Everyone knows t

16、hat there seven days in a week.(be)3.1 heard that you to the countryside to visit your grandparents last weekend.(go)4.He forgot that I him the exact time of the meeting already.(tell)五、宾语从句的注意事项1.不能省略that的情况1)当句中出现两个或多个由that引导的宾语从句时，除第一个Ihat可以省略外，其他均不可省略。如：Im sure(that)you know that this group was

17、to help disabled people like me.我相信你应该知道成立该小组是为了帮助像我这样的残疾人。2)当 that从句中有其他从句时如：Studies show that if you are interested in something,your brain is more active.研究表明，如果你对某些事物感兴趣，那么你的大脑更活跃。3)当宾语从句被形式宾语it替代时如：He found it interesting that so many products in the local shops were made in China.他发现有趣的是,当地商店的

18、许多产品都是在中国制造的。4)当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或从句时。如：I believe that what he said will make a big difference to me.我相信他说的话对我会有很大的影响。5)当宾语从句的主语是this,that或 被 this,th at修饰时。如：The teacher told us that this book was very useful to English learning.老师告诉我们，这本书对英语学习非常有帮助。6)当宾语从句前有插入语时。如：We hope,if possible,that we can visit

19、the Palace Museum again.如果可能的话，我们希望能再去参观故宫。7)当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时如：Candy told me that she used to be really shy and took up singing to deal with her shyness.Candy告诉我，她以前一直很害羞，所以她开始唱歌来克服自己的害羞。8)当主句中的谓语动词是固定词组时。如：The girl made up her mind that she would study harder to catch up with others.这个女孩下定了决心，要更努力学

20、习来赶上别人。9)except后接的宾语从句不能省去that。如：This is a good article except that there are several grammar mistakes.这是一篇很好的文章，除了有一些语法错误。10)当 agree,learn,suggest等动词引导宾语从句时。如：Do you agree that computer will be able to do all our jobs in the future?你是否同意计算机将来能够完成所有的工作？11)当宾语从句位千句首时。如：That he will succeed,I believe.

21、我相信他会成功的。2.宾语从句的否定转移当主句的主语为第一人称，且谓语动词是believe,think,suppose等表示感知的及物动词时，常把对从句的否定转移到主句上。I think sixteen-year-olds shouldnt be allowed to drive.(X)I dont think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive.(V)在以下情况中，否定词不转移：主句主语是其他人称时或主句是疑问句时;从句中含有 no,hardly,never,seldom,few,little 等词时；在 believe,ihink,ex

22、pect,suppose等词前有副词或有助动词进行强调时。3.宾语从句的简化1）当主从句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,agree等时，从句可简化为动词不定式结构。如：We all hope that we can make great achievements in the field.=We all hope to make great achievements in this filed.我们都希望能在这个领域取得巨大的成就。2）当主从句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,lean等时，从句可简化为 疑问词+不定式”结构，用于该结构的疑问词有wha

23、t,which,when,where,how等。如：The girl doesnt know what she could buy for her mother.=The girl doesnt know what to buy for her mother.这个女孩不知道她给她妈妈买什么。I have learned how I can solve the problem.=1 have learned how to solve the problem.我已经学会了如何解决这个问题。3）当 tell,ask,show,teach等动词后带双宾语，且从句主语和间接宾语一致时，从句可简化 为“疑

24、问词+不定式”结构。如：Can you tell me where I can take the No.8 bus?=Can you tell me where to take the No.8 bus?你能告诉我在哪里可以乘8 路公共汽车吗？4）当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（要求）等时，从句可简化为“名词/代词+不定式”结构。如：The teacher required that students should hand in their homework on time.=The teacher required students to hand in their

25、homework on time.老师要求学生们按时交作业。5）当主句的谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时，从句可简化为 宾语+宾补”结构，宾补常为不带to 的不定式或动词-ing形式。如：The young man found a watch was lying on the ground.=The young man found a watch lying on the ground.宾语 宾补那个年轻人发现地上有一块手表。6）从句可简化为“it+形容词+动词不定式”结构。如：I think it is difficult to learn French well

26、.=1 think it difficult to learn French well.我认为学好法语很难。7）从句可简化为名词或名词短语。I believe what the teacher said.=1 believe the teachers words.我相信老师说的话。练习：（）1 .They consider it amazing China has made so great progress in many fields.A.which B./C.that D.what2.He hasnr t decided when he would go back to his home

27、town.（用“疑问词+动词不定式”简化）练习:一、单项选择()l.Do you k n o w?-At 9:00 tomorrow morning.A.when the video meeting beganB.when did the video meeting beginC.when the video meeting will beginD.when will the video meeting begin()2.Could you tell me_we can start a conversation with a foreigner?-Talking about weatheris

28、 a good choice.A.how B.why C.where D.when()3.Wow!The school uniforms can tell p a r e n t s!-Cool!So the children wont get lost easily.A.where are their childrenB.where their children areC.what do their children studyD.what their children study()4.Luna was very excited today because a policeman call

29、ed her and said he had foundher lost wallet.A.that B.who C.if D.which()5.Tim,I want to know you often do for your parents on the weekend.-I always help them sweep the floor and wash clothes.A.how B.whether C.what D.whose()6.We should always remember not to leave out small things.Sometimes detail dec

30、ides wecan achieve success or not.A.which B.when C.if D.whether()7.Excuse me,I wonder_.-You can get more information on the Internet.A.how can I know more about the writerB.when I can know more about the writerC.when can I know more about the writerD.how I can know more about the writer)8.Lisa didnt

31、 hear clearly in class,so she asked the teacher for help in time after class.A.what her teacher saysB.what does her teacher sayC.what did her teacher sayD.what her teacher said)9.Long long ago,people didnt k n o w.A.why the earth goes around the sunB.why the earth went around the sunC.why did the ea

32、rth go around the sunD.why does the earth go around the sun)10.Is it necessary to review_after class?-Of course,or you may not understand the knowledge well.A.what will the teacher teachB.how will the teacher teachC.what the teacher taughtD.how the teacher taught)11.Mark,do you know_last Monday?-Sor

33、rydont know.Maybe you should ask him about that in person.A.if Tony joined the music clubB.when will Tony go shoppingC.where does Tony travelD.why Tony chooses to join the music club)12.She was making a plan a b o u t.A.when she had gone for a visitB.how did she go for a visitC.which city she would

34、go for a visitD.why did she go for a visit）13.The teacher always tells her students_the more they practice,the fewer mistakesthey will make.A.That B.which C./D.why二、句型转换。1.Were you born in Beijing?I want to know th a t.（合并为一句）I want to know bom in Beijing.2.Where can I buy the latest newspaper?Could

35、 you tell m e?（合并为一句）Could you tell me buy the latest newspaper?3.My deskmate asked me,uHow will you go to school the next day?”（改为宾语从句）My deskmate asked me go to school the next day.4.The girl doesnt know what she should do n e x t.（简化宾语从句）The girl doesn*t know next.5.I suppose the novel is interes

36、ting and meaningful.（改为否定句）I the novel interesting and meaningful.三、用宾语从句引导词填空。Historians pointed out that hats had existed for a long time.But have you ever thoughtabout 1.the hats appeared exactly?Do you know 2.invented thehats?Maybe no one really knows but we k n o w 3.h a t s have played an impo

37、rtantrole throughout the development of civilization（文明）.Nowadays,people regard them astools to prevent the sun and know 4.to turn them into a changing fashion accessories（配饰）.答案:l.C2.Whether3.Thatl.B2.1 want to know if?whether he is from Canada.3.1 want to know whose book it is.4.1 wonder when he w

38、ill move into the new house.l.B2.are3.went4.had toldl.C2.He hasnt decide when to go back to his hometown.一、1-5：CAB AC6-10:DDDAC11-13:ACA二、l.if7whether you were2.where I can3.how I would4.what to do5.dont suppose is三、1 .when 2.who 3.that 4,how简单句一宾语从句会用宾语从句，首先要明确它的三大要素。1.语序：一律用陈述句语序：主语+谓 语+宾 语+其 他。2.

39、引导词：when,what,what time,where,why,how,whether,if 等。3.时态：主句是现在时，从句根据情况定相应时态；主句是过去时，从句用过去某种时态；从句为客观事实、真理等，用一般现在时把一个或两个简单的句子变为宾语从句，可以采取5 步法。【找】简单句子主句谓语后的宾语部分，即从句。Does Kate get up early?Do you knowknow的宾语部分 主 语 谓 语【加】加上能与宾语匹配的引导词。当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来，引导词用if/whether,uDoes Kate get up early?”对应的疑问词用 whether/if

40、.,【变】把从句部分改为陈述句Does Kate get up early?-*Kate gets up early.【串】用引导词将主句和从句连起来，主句在前，从句在后。.Kate gets up early.Do you know?从句部分 Do you know whelher/if Kate gets up early.主句部分+引导词whether/if 宾语从句【核】核对时态，核对标点，核对句首单词首字母大小写。Do you know whether/if Kate gets up early?宾语从句的标点符号根据主句标点来定，即主句用句号，从句也用句号；主句用问号，从句也用问号。从句时态结合主句时态来变对应时态，从句是客观真理、自然现象时，时态不变。从句句首单词首字母为小写。