2023年中考英语重点单词和短语用法大全面汇总归纳.pdf

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1、中考英语重点单词和短语用法大总结(88 条)1。cost/take/spend/pay 花费 花费时间做某事：It takes sb some time to do sth。=sb spend some time（in）doing sth。=sb spend some time on sth。某人花钱买某物：sb spend some money on sth。=sb pay some money for sth。=sth cost sb。some money。spend 和 pay 主语都是人，cost 主语是物。spent 还可以指“度过”How did you spend your we

2、ekend？The sweater _ me 90 yuan。=I _ 90 yuan for the sweater。=I _ 90 yuan on the sweater。He spent lots of money _ the mobile phone。It _ her 20 minutes to go home every day。=He _ 20 minutes _ home every day。2。thanks for 为而感谢 _ inviting me to your birthday party。thanks to 多亏/由于 _ your help。I got good g

3、rades。3。感叹句：多么 what+名词 how+形容词/副词。_ bad weather！。_ hard he works！。_ fresh vegetables！。_ cute a monkey it is！4。因为、由于：because（连词）+从句：（表示原因）because of（介词短语）+名词（短语）=thanks to I didn t go to school _ I had a headache。He was late for class _ the bad weather。He can t come _ he is ill。Many people have a col

4、d _ the cold weather。because 和 so 不能同时连用。5。来自：be from=come from Where are you from？=Where _ you _ _？He is from Tibet。=He _ _ Tibet。6。How often 对频率提问（多久一次）回答用表示频率的副词或短语 How long 对一段时间提问（多久）回答用表示一段时间的状语 How soon 对将来时间提问（多久）回答用 in+时间段 How far 询问多长距离（多长）-_ have you been collecting the kites？-For ten yea

5、rs。-_ do you go shopping？-Sometimes。-_ will your father come back？-In two years。-_ do you exercise？-Once a week。-_ is it from your home to school？-About ten miles。-_ are you staying there？-Two weeks。7。乘交通工具：take a/the+交通工具 在句中作谓语 by+交通工具=on a 交通工具在句中作方式状语 交通工具有：train/bus/car/taxi/boat/subway/plane H

6、e takes a bus to bank。=He goes to bank by bus。=He goes to bank on a bus。I walk to school。=I go to school _。骑自行车、马或驴用 ride：ride one s bike/ride a horse/ride a donkey in one s car 8。对不起：Excuse me（劳驾，客套话）Sorry（表示道歉）_。Where is Tianfu Square in Chengdu？Would you mind cleaning your room？-_。I ll do it righ

7、t away。-Don t eat in class。-_。Ms Clark。_，is this the way to the station？9。声音：sound（自然界各种声音）noise（噪音）voice（悦耳的声音：嗓子）Lucy has a sweet _。That _ like a good idea。Don t make _。The baby is sleeping。10。look like（外貌看起来像）be like（性格像）Lily _ _ Lucy。Oh，they are twins。Tony _ _ a monkey because he is cute and pla

8、yful。11。take to 带去 bring to 带来 fetch 没有方向性（强调来回）Tony。_ the ball here。Please。My father often _ me _ concerts on Sundays。_ your homework _ school tomorrow。12。一些：some 用于肯定句 any 用于否定句和疑问句 I d like _ milk。Would you like _ yogurt？_ Thanks。I don t want _。在一般疑问句中，认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到对方肯定回答时，也用 some。13。多少：How

9、many 修饰可数名词复数 How much 修饰不可数名词 _ juice do you want？_ apples do you want？-_is the T-shirt？It s 30 yuan。How much 可对价钱提问：How much are the potatoes？14。看：see 强调看的结果 look（at）不及物动词，强调看的动作 watch 观看：比赛、电视、表演、电影 read 读，朗读：看书、看报、看信、看杂志 Don t_ in bed。We will _ a basketball game this evening。Please _ the blackbo

10、ard。Everyone。I _ a bird in the tree yesterday。On Saturday night。I saw an interesting talk show。On Saturday evening。several kids watched a movie。watch a movie=go to a movie 15。stop doing sth 停止做某事 Please stop talking。stop to do sth 停下来去做别的事 The girl soon stopped _（cry）。He was tired and stopped _（have

11、）a rest。16。forget/remember 后接不定式表示未发生的动作：forget/remember to do sth（忘记/记得去做某事）He forgot to turn off the light。（没有做关灯的动作）Remember to go to the post office after school。forget/remember 后接 ving 表示已发生的动作：forget/remember doing sth（忘记/记得做过某事）He forgot turningoff the light。（已做过关灯的动作）Don t you remember seein

12、g the man before？17。到达 reach+地点 get to+地点 reach=get to arrive+in+大地点arrive+at+小地点 He reached London yesterday。=He _ to London yesterday。=He _ in London yesterday。She arrived _ the bus station just now。You should _（get）home on time。当 get to 和 arrive at/in 后接地点副词时，都不加介词。如：get home get there 省略 to 18。擅

13、长，在方面做得好：be good at=do well in。She is good at chemistry。=She _ _ _ chemistry。Niuniu is good at _ the violin。=Niuniu _ well in _ the violin。Lucy and Lily are twin girls。Lucy is better _ dancing than Lily。but Lily _ _ in singing than Lucy。19。win（赢得）接 a game、war、a match、a prize beat（打败、战胜）接运动员、球队、对手等。W

14、hich team _ the football match？Wang Hao _ Ma Lin and _ the champion of the Men s Singles。20。借 borrow sth。from sb=borrow sb。sth 向某人借某物 borrow 借 入 lend sth。to sb=lend sb。sth 把某物借给某人 lend 借出 keep 延续性动词，与一段时间连用。Can you lend me your bike？=Can you _ your bike _ me？You can borrow some money _ your brother。

15、=You can borrow yourbrother _ _。-How long can I _ the book？-You can _ it for two weeks。类似用法的还有：buy have put on wear become be leave be away from open be open begin be on die be dead return be back become He has _ a doctor。He has _ a doctor for 10 years。begin The film has _。The film has _ for ten min

16、utes。21。能，会。be able to can 情态动词后面都接动词原形。We should _ able to finish the work tomorrow。I can _（play）the guitar。He _ able to play chess。22。too many 太多 修饰可数名词复数 I have too many rules in my house。too much 太多 修饰不可数名词 Maybe you have too much yin。much too 太 后跟形容词或副词原级 This coat is much too expensive。Eating

17、_ _ is bad for your health。It s _ _cold today。You d better not go out。There are_ _ students in the hallways。It s dangerous。23。have/has been to 去过某地 He has been to Beijing。（现在不在北京）have/has gone to 去了某地 He has gone to Beijing。（现在可能在北京，或 在去北京的途中）have/hasbeen in/at 在某地 I have ever _ _ America twice。He h

18、as _ _ Beijing for ten years。Where is your brother？-He_ _ to Hainan。_ you ever _ _ Disneyland？24。used to do sth。过去常做某事 This river used to be very clean。be（get）used to doing sth。习惯于做某事 I m not used to getting up early。be used to do sth=be used for doing sth。被用于做某事 Pens are used for writing。XiaoGang _

19、 _ _ afraid of the dark。Thebroom is _ _ clean the room。=The broom is _ _ cleaning the room。He _ _ _ living countryside。There is fresh air and sweet well。Wood _ _ _ making paper。25。belong to+名词/人称代词宾格（属于）be+名词所有格/名词性物主代词（是）It must _ Ning s。=It must _ Ning。The pencil must be _（my）。=The pencil must bel

20、ong to _（my）。This ball _ to me。=This ball is _。26。can t 不可能 0 表示推测、判断 could/might 也许、可能 50 80 must 肯定、一定 100 The CD _ belong to Tony。because he likes listening to music。The notebook _ be mine。It has my name on it。The toy _ be my grandpa。After all。He is an old man。27。be made from（由制成）看不出原材料 be made o

21、f（由制成）看得出原材料 The table _ _ _ wood。Paper _ _ _ wood。28。prefer to do sth 宁愿做某事prefer sth。to sth。喜欢而不喜欢prefer doing sth。to doing sth。喜欢做而不喜欢做 I prefer _（swim）to _（play）balls。He _ fish to beef。I prefer to _（walk）to work。29。一些表示人的情感或情绪的形容词：ed 修饰人 ing 修饰物 I want to go somewhere _（relaxing/relaxed）。She is

22、_ in this _ history story。（interesting/interested）interesting（有趣的）interested（感兴趣的）tiring（累人的）tired（累 的，疲倦的）boring（令人无聊的）bored（无聊的）exciting（令人兴奋的）excited（激 动的）surprising（令人惊讶的）surprised（惊讶的）relaxing（令人放松的）relaxed（放松的）embarrassing（令人尴尬的；令人为难的）embarrassed（尴尬的；为难的）30。the number of+名词复数（的数量）作主语，谓语用单数。a n

23、umber of+名词复数（许多、一些）=many The number of students in our class_ 80。_ number of students are in Helin Middle School。31。for+一段时间 since+时间点/过去时的句子 We have been studying English _ three years。He has been staying here _ he was five years old。We haven t seen each other _ ten years ago。for 和 since 可以相互转换。如：

24、Jenny has been collecting coins for several years。=Jenny has been collecting coins since several years _。32。除之外 except（不包括在内）Everyone could answer this question except Jim。besides（包括在内）There are three girls besides me。We all passed the exam _ Li Yang。Many other students like basketball _ Guo Xiaojun

25、。33。already 用于肯定句中（已经）yet 用于疑问句末（已经）用于否定句末（还）Have you seen the film _？I haven t locked the door _。Mom has _ watered the flowers。34。否定祈使句 Don t+v。No+v.ing/n。Don t smoke here。=_ _ here。Don t take photos。=_ _。35。也 too 放肯定句末和疑问句末 Do you play soccer every day，too？either 放否定句末 also 放肯定句中 also 放在实意动词前，be 之

26、后。She is a girl。I am a girl。_。He _ likes collecting things。Lily doesn t like junk food。Her good friend doesn t like it。_。-I like soap operas。I do，_。-I can t watch TV on school nights。I can t，_。36。be strict with sb。对某人要求严格 be strict in sth。对某事要求严格 Miss Zhang _ _ _ her work and she _ _ _ her students。

27、37。需要做某事 need to do sth 主语是人 need doing sth 主语是物 The classroom _ cleaning。It s too dirty。Children _ to sleep a lot。It s very hot and dry。You need _（wear）cool clothes and the flowers need _（water）。38。through 介词：从内部穿过（park）across 介词：从表面穿过 cross 动词（road。street。bridge）Be careful when you _ the street。Th

28、e manwent_ the forest。The train goes _ the tunnel（隧道）。He swam _ the river。We drove _ the desert（沙漠）。Take a walk _ the park on Center Avenue。39。Why don t you do sth=Why not do sth。提建议的方式 How/what about doing sth。Let s do sth。Why don t you have a cup of tea？=_ _ have a cup of tea？Let s _（go）out for a

29、walk。How about _（practice）conversations？40。So+助/系/情态+主语 表示肯定意义（也是如此）Neither+助/系/情态+主语 表示否定意义（也不）它们都属于倒装句。My mother didn t go to school。_ _ my father。James comes from theUSA。_ _ Tom。My pen pal can speak Japanese。_ _ I。=Me _。My sister isn t outgoing。_ _ I。=Me _。41。both 两者都all 三者或三者以上都 The twins _ are

30、good students。There are lots of colorful flowers on _ sides of the streets。There are five people in my family。We _ like playing sports。My parents _ love us。We are very happy。42。alone 单独，独自一人 He is alone at home。lonely 孤独的，寂寞的。有一定的感情色彩 He lives a lonely life in the country。Sometimes he feels quite _

31、because he has no friends。She lives _ in that large house。43 in the tree 外来的 I saw a cat in the tree。on the tree 长在树上的 There are many apples on the tree。How many monkeys can you see _ the tree？There are a lot of bananas_ the tree。44。in the wall 指在墙体内 on the wall 指在墙体表面 There is a map _ the wall。Ther

32、e is a door _ the wall。45。on the bed 指物品在床上 My bag is on the bed。in bed 指人躺在床上 Lily is ill in bed。There is a jacket _。I have to be _ by ten o clock。46。引导结果状语从句：so 和 such（如此以至于）so 是副词，后接 adj 和 adv。句型：so+adj/adv+that 从句 He worked so hard that he got the first prize。so+adj+a（n）+n。+that 从句=such+a（n）+adj

33、+n。+that 从句 That was so interesting a story that I read it twice。=That was such an interesting story that I read it twice。such 是形容词，后接 n。句型：such+a（n）+adj+n。+that 从句 He is such a hard-working student that all the teachers love him。such+pl。/不可数 n+that 从句 It is such good weather that we can go swimming

34、。He runs _fast _ we can catch him。Lili is _a kind girl _we all love her。Tom is _ a clever boy that he can answer the question。=Tom is _ clever a boy that he can answer the question。The box is _ heavy _ I can t carry it。在名词前有 many/much/few/little 这些词修饰时，要用 so that。so that句型的否定形式可用简单句 too to 或 not eno

35、ugh to 代替。如：He is so young that he can t go to school。=He is too young to go to school。=He is not old enough to go to school。47。引导时间状语从句：when+延续性/短暂性动词 When I was watching TV，he came in。=When he came in，I was watching TV。while+延续性动词（多用进行时）While I was in Shanghai，I visited him。_ he was sleeping。Someo

36、ne knocked at the door。=He was sleeping _ someone knocked at the door。_ the boy heard his mother s voice，he stopped crying。My mother was cooking _ I was doing my homework。48。at the age of 和 when 引导的时间状语可以互换。I began to play football when I was five years old。=I began to play football _ _ _ five。49。in

37、stead 放句首、句末 instead of+n/pron/ving=rather than。I will go to see her _ you。He doesn t like beer。give him coke _。We often sing English song _ reading aloud。50。be famous as（作为而知名）as+职业/身份/地位 Yi Yuchun is famous as a super girl。be famous for（以而著名）for+出名的原因 Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake。Li Bai is

38、 famous _ a poet。Jackie Chan ia famous _ his action movies。France ia famous _its fine food and wine。51。看起来像是似乎/好像（sb/sth）seems to do sth It seems that+从句 It _ _ he feels very sad。=He _ _ _ very sad。She seems to want to have a drink。=_ _ that she _ to have a drink。52。“疑问词+动词不定式”与“宾语从句”的互换。I will show

39、 you where you should go。=I will show you _ _ _。Idon t know what to do。=I don t know what _。A should I do B I should do Could you tell me how I can get to Summer Palace？=Could you tell me how _ _ _ Summer Palace？宾语从句应该用陈述语序。如：Could you please tell me _ _ _ _（天 气如何）in Chongqi？53。问题/难题 question 由于疑惑不解

40、而提出的问题，多和 ask/answer 搭配使 用。problem 指有待解决的较难的问题或物理/数学方面的题等，多与 solve/work out 搭 配。Please answer my _ in English。I can t work out this maths _。This is a difficult _ to answer。54。family 家/家庭（强调家庭成员，与居住的房子无关）My family are kind people。home 家（指人出生或居住的地方，带有一定感情色彩）Welcome to my home。house 房子/住宅（居住的建筑物）They m

41、oved to their new house last year。How many people are there in your _？I want to save money and buy a big _。I love Chengdu，I looked Chengdu as my _。55。in front of（在前面）在某一范围以外的前面 There is a tall tree in front of our classroom。in the front of（在前部）在某一范围内的前面 Two personsare sitting in the front of the car

42、。The policeman stands _ the car。The driver sits _ the car。56。在晚上，在夜里 at night on+a+adj+night You shouldn t go out _ night。He met a thief _ a cold night。57。在之间 between（两者之间）多与 and 连用。among（三者或三者以上的人或物之间）She is sitting _ Lucy and Lily。He built a house _ the trees。58。sometimes 不时；有时（是一般现在时的标志词）Sometime

43、s I go to school by bus。some times 几次（此时 time 是可数名词，意为“次数”）He has been to Shanghai some times。sometime 某个时间（表示在过去或将来的某个时候）I saw him sometime last year。some time 一段时间（此时 time 是不可数名词）He will stay here for some time。We are going to have a party _ next week。_ the boy is late for school。He spent _ in cut

44、ting hair。So he missed the early bus。Li Jun has been to Bird s Nest _。59。wear+衣服/鞋帽/眼镜等（强调状态）Our teacher often wears a pair of glasses。put on+衣服/鞋帽/眼镜等（强调动作）Kate puts on her hat and goes out。be in+颜色/服饰（强调状态）The girl in red is my sister。dress+人/反身代词（给某人穿）She dresses her daughter every morning。You d

45、better _ your coat。She was _ a flower in her hair。The boy _ white is my friend。He is too young to _ himself。Miss Li often _ the white sports shoes。dress 当表示状态时常用 be dressed in+衣物（穿着颜色的衣服）He is dressed in a black coat。他常穿着黑色的外套。60。play+球类、棋类名词（不加 the）play badminton/play chess/play computer games play

46、 the+乐器名词。（必须加 the）play the violin-Do you like to play _ football after class，Li Lei？-Yes，I do。A。a B。the C。/Sam can t play _（piano），but he can play _（chess）。61。There be 强调“某处有”have 强调“某人有”_ two computers in the room。My uncle _ a car。当表示整体与局部的关系时，there be 与 have 可互换使用。如：There are twelve months in a y

47、ear。=A year has twelve months。一年有十二个月。62。speak 指说话的能力，也可表示“演讲、发言”。其后可以接语言类词汇。say 强调说的内容。say sth。to sb。Please say hello to him。talk 指相互之间的谈话。talk to/with sb 表示与某人交谈，talk about sb/sth 表示“谈论某人/某事”。She is talking with her boss。tell 侧重指“告诉”，后接双宾语或复合宾语：tell sb。sth。Please tell me the time。tell sb（not）。to d

48、o sth。She told me to wait for her。tell 可以和 lie，story 搭配。如：tell a lie/tell a story/tell a joke/tell a truth。From his face we could see that he was _ a lie。She is _ at the meeting。Fangfang _ she is at home。They are _ about the weather。He can t _ it in French，but he can _ English。63。if 引导条件状语从句 真实条件状语从

49、句 主句是将来时，从句用现在时代替 将来。虚拟条件状语从句 虚拟语气 If I _（be）a bird，I would _（fly）in the sky。If it _（not）rain，We will climb the hill。If I _（win）a million dollars，I would _（travel）around the world。If he _（study）hard，he will get good grades。64。强调动作 强调结果 找 look for 寻找 find 找到 看 look（at）看 see 看见 听 listen（to）听 hear 听见 l

50、ook for/find I am _ my watch，but I can t _ it anywhere。look at/see Please _ your books，boys and girls。_！What a playful monkey it is！listen to/hear Don t shout！I can _ you。Ann likes _ music with her friends on weekends。65。ago 副词，“以前”，一段时间后接 ago。before“以前”，可以用在现在完成时的句子中，还可以是连词，“在以前”。I have never been