英语思辨考题.pdf

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1、英语思辨考试试题一.单选题On the basis of a distinction covered so far;divide these items into two groups that all the itemsin one group have a feature that none of the items in the second group have.Then choose theitems which belong to Group 1 and Group 2.(Hint:Group 1 has more items than Group 2.)2.Group 2A.Yo

2、u shouldnt buy that car because it is ugly.B.Walking is the best exercise.It places the least stress on your joints.C.Pooh is my favorite cartoon character because he has lots of personality.D.You ll be able to find a calendar on sale after the first of the year,so it is a good idea to waituntil the

3、n to buy one.正确答案CWhich of the following claims are objective?1.Nicki Minaj can fake a great English accent.A.ObjectiveB.Subjective2.Green is the most pleasant color to look at.A.ObjectiveB.Subjective3.Opera would be easier to listen to if theyd leave out the singing.A.ObjectiveB.Subjective4.Pit vip

4、ers can strike a warm-blooded animal even when it is pitch dark.A.ObjectiveB.Subjective5.Fallon tells better jokes than Letterman.A.ObjectiveB.Subjective6.Your teacher would be crazy not to complain if you text in class.A.ObjectiveB.Subjective7.Halloween 5 scared the you-know-what out of my sister.A

5、.ObjectiveB.Subjective8.John Kerry has quite an unusual chin.A.ObjectiveB.Subjective正 确 答 案 BBBABBAAWhich of the following claims pertain to right/wrong,good/bad,or should/shouldnt?1.We did the right thing getting rid of Saddam.He was a sadistic tyrant.A.Pertains to moral right/wrongB.Pertains to ae

6、sthetic good/badC.Doesnt pertain2.Its time you starting thinking about somebody other than yourself!A.Pertains to moral right/wrongB.Pertains to aesthetic good/badC.Doesnt pertain3.The FBI and CIA dont share information all that often,at least thats what Ive heard.A.Pertains to moral right/wrongB.Pe

7、rtains to aesthetic good/badC.Doesnt pertain4.Hip hop is better than country,any day.A.Pertains to moral right/wrongB.Pertains to aesthetic good/badC.Doesnt pertain5.If we want to stop the decline in enrollments here at Chaffee,we need to give students skillsthey can use.A.Pertains to moral right/wr

8、ongB.Pertains to aesthetic good/badC.Doesnt pertain正确答案 AACBCFor each numbered passage,identify which lettered item best states the primary issue discussedin the passage.Be prepared to say why you think your choice is the correct one.1.Let me tell you why Hank ought not to take that math course.Firs

9、t,its too hard,and hellprobably flunk it.Second,hes going to spend the whole term in a state of frustration.Third,hellprobably get depressed and do poorly in all the rest of his courses.A.whether Hank ought to take the math courseB.whether Hank would flunk the math courseC.whether Hank will spend th

10、e whole term in a state of frustrationD.whether Hank will get depressed and do poorly in all the rest of his courses2.Its clear that the mainstream media have lost interest in classical music.For example,the NBCnetwork used to have its own classical orchestra conducted by Arturo Toscanini,but no suc

11、horchestra exists now.One newspaper,the no-longer-existent Washington Star,used to havethirteen classical music reviewers;thats more than twice as many as The New York Times hasnow.H.L.Mencken and other columnists used to devote considerable space to classical music;nowadays,you almost never see it

12、mentioned in a major column.A.whether popular taste has turned away from classical musicB.whether newspapers are employing fewer writers on classical musicC.whether the mainstream media have lost interest in classical music3.The defeat of the school voucher initiative was a bad thing for the country

13、 because now publicschools wont have any incentive to clean up their act.Furthermore,the defeat perpetuates theprivate-school-for-the-rich,public-school-for-the-poor syndrome.A.whether public schools now have any incentive to clean up their actB.whether the defeat of the school voucher initiative wa

14、s bad for the countryC.whether public schools now have any incentive to clean up their act and whether theprivate-school-for-the-rich,public-school-for-the-poor syndrome will be perpetuated(issues areequally stressed)4.Most people you find on university faculties are people who are interested in ide

15、as.And themost interesting ideas are usually new ideas.So most people you find on university faculties areinterested in new ideas.Therefore,you are not going to find many conservatives on universityfaculties,because conservatives are not usually interested in new ideas.A.whether conservatives are in

16、terested in new ideasB.whether youll find many conservatives on university facultiesC.whether people on university faculties are interested more in new ideas than in older ideasD.whether most people are correct正 确 答 案ACBBFor each numbered passage in this exercise,identify which lettered item best st

17、ates the primaryissue discussed in the passage.Be prepared to say why you think your choice is the correct one.1.In pre-civil war Spain,the influence of the Catholic Church must have been much stronger onwomen than on men.You can determine this by looking at the number of religious communities,such

18、as monasteries,nunneries,and so forth.A total of about 5,000 such communities existed in1931;4,000 of them were female,whereas only 1,000 of them were male.This proves my pointabout the Churchs influence on the sexes.A.whether the Catholic Churchs influence was stronger on women than on men in pre-c

19、ivilwar SpainB.whether the speakers statistics really prove his point about the Churchs influenceC.whether the figures about religious communities really have anything to do with the overallinfluence of the Catholic Church in Spain2.From the way it tastes,you might think French roast has more caffei

20、ne in it than regular coffee,but it has less.The darker the roast,the less caffeine there is in it.I read this in ConsumerReports.A.whether Consumer Reports is a good source of information about coffeeB.whether French roast has more caffeine than regular coffeeC.whether most people think French roas

21、t has more caffeine than regular coffee3.The winner of this years spelling bee is a straight-A student whose favorite subject is science,which isnt surprising,since students interested in science learn to pay attention to details.A.whether the winner of this years spelling bee is a straight-A studen

22、tB.whether science students learn to pay attention to detailsC.whether learning science will improve a students ability to spellD.whether learning science teaches a student to pay attention to detailsE.none of the above4.YOU:So,what do you think of the governor?YOUR FRIEND:Not much,actually.YOU:What

23、 do you mean?Dont you think shes been pretty good?YOUR FRIEND:Are you serious?YOU:Well,yes.I think shes been doing a fine job.YOUR FRIEND:Oh,come on.Werent you complaining about her just a few days ago?A.whether your friend thinks the governor has been a good governorB.whether you think the governor

24、 has been a good governorC.whether the governor has been a good governorD.whether you have a good argument for thinking the governor has been a good governor正 确 答 案 ABECSome of these items are arguments,and some are not.Which are which?1.Tipsarevic is unlikely to win the U.S.Open this year.He has a

25、nagging leg injury,plus he doesnthave the drive he once had.A.ArgumentB.Not an argument2.Everybody is saying the president earned the Nobel Prize.What a stupid idea!He hasnt earnedit at all.There*s not a lick of truth in that notion.A.ArgumentB.Not an argument3.PROFESSOR X:Well,I see where the new c

26、hancellor wants to increase class sizes.PROFESSOR Y:Yeah,another of his bright ideas.PROFESSOR X:Actually,I dont think it hurts to have one or two extra people in class.PROFESSOR Y:What?Of course it hurts.Whatever are you thinking?PROFESSOR X:Well,I just think there are good reasons for increasing t

27、he class size a bit.A.ArgumentB.Not an argument4.John Montgomery has been the Eastern Baseball Leagues best closer this season.Unfortunately,when a closer gets shelled,as Montgomery did last night,it takes him a while torecover.Nobody will say he is the best closer after that performance.A.ArgumentB

28、.Not an argument正确答案ABBAChoose the right answer or answers.1.Educated guesses or rules of thumb are often c a l l e d.A.fallaciesB.shortcutsC.heuristics2.Emotion,greed,and bias are all factors that can critical thinking.A.supportB.undermine4.All Dobermans are dogs.Some dogs like to bark.Therefore so

29、me Dobermans like to bark.Thetendency to accept this argument at first glance may be due to.A.self-serving biasB.negativity biasC.confirmation biasD.belief bias5.This bias is present when most members of a group think they are better at something thanmost other members of the group.A.Better-than-ave

30、rage illusionB.Fundamental attribution errorC.Belief biasD.Bandwagon effect6.What bias is in effect when you assume that the candidate whose name you see the mostoften is probably the most popular candidate?A.Obedience to authorityB.Availability heuristicC.Majority rulesD.Bandwagon effect正确答案C BD AB

31、Choose the right answer.1.An argument consists of,at mi n i mu m,.A.a conclusionB.one premise and a conclusionC.two or more premises and conclusionD.a premise3.Suzanne is 99%certain most of her test answers are correct.In reality,most of her answers arenot correct.What type of bias might Suzanne be

32、demonstrating?A.Overconfidence effectB.Poor estimationC.Belief bias4.Charles and his colleague Mike s children attend classes at the same school.Charles believesthat his childrens exceptional performance at school is due to their superior intelligence.Healways attributes their occasional failures to

33、 bad luck.On the other hand,he believes that Mikeschildren achieve high test scores due to sheer luck and tends to attribute their failures to apossible lack of hard work and dedication.Which of the following is illustrated in this scenario?A.In-group biasB.Availability heuristicC.Bandwagon effectD.

34、Selection bias5.A critical thinker tries to.A.overstate conclusionsB.evaluate argumentsC.understate conclusionsD.persuade an audience6.After seeing a number of reports concerning shark attacks,you decide not to visit the beach forspring break.Which cognitive bias is at play?A.In-group biasB.Bandwago

35、n effectC.Availability heuristic正 确 答 案 B A A B CChoose the right answer.1.This is the tendency to carry out orders from a superior without question.A.Negativity BiasB.Bandwagon effectC.Fundamental attribution errorD.Obedience to authority2.The method used to come to correct conclusions is to evalua

36、te our thinking by standards ofA.informational theoryB.logic and common senseC.statistics,history,and research3.What types of arguments should you avoid?A.Weak,invalid and irrelevantB.Strong,invalid,and relevantC.Weak,valid,and relevantD.Strong,valid,and relevant4.is the idea that if a person thinks

37、 something is morally wrong,then it is morallywrong for that person and he/she does not need to consider any further truth.A.Moral absolutismB.Moral objectivismC.Moral subjectivism5.What is the result of expressing a beliefjudgment,or opinion in a declarative sentence?A.A claimB.A questionC.An excla

38、mation正确答案DBACASome of these items are best viewed as deductive arguments and some as inductive arguments.Which are which?1.No mayten tree is deciduous,and all nondeciduous trees are evergreens.It follows that allmayten trees are evergreens.A.Deductive demonstrationB.Inductive support2.Ive never met

39、 a golden retriever with a nasty disposition.I bet there arent any.A.Deductive demonstrationB.Inductive support3.Biden will make a fine president.After allz he made a fine vice president.A.Deductive demonstrationB.Inductive support4.Its wrong to hurt someones feelings,and that is exactly what you ar

40、e doing when you speakto me like that.A.Deductive demonstrationB.Inductive support正确答案ABBAWhich of the following items are intended to be deductive arguments and which are intended tobe inductive arguments?1.Miss Scarlets fingerprints were on the knife used to kill Colonel Mustard.Furthermore,he was

41、killed in the pantry,and she was the only person who had a key to the pantry.Clearly she killedthe colonel.A.DeductiveB.Inductive2.Sparky is scratching again.He must either have a skin infection or flea bites.A.DeductiveB.Inductive3.1 didn*t get enough sleep last night;therefore I should get to bed

42、earlier tonight.A.DeductiveB.Inductive4.1 can hear you lots better now!You must be holding the phone in a different position.A.DeductiveB.Inductive正确答案BBABSome of these passages are best viewed as attempted deductive demonstrations,and others arebest viewed as offering inductive support.Which are wh

43、ich?1.All mammals are warm-blooded creatures,and all whales are mammals.Therefore,all whalesare warm-blooded creatures.A.Deductive demonstrationB.Inductive supportC.Both2.The brains of rats raised in enriched environments with a variety of toys and puzzles weighmore than the brains of rats raised in

44、 more barren environments.Therefore,the brains ofhumans will weigh more if humans are placed in intellectually stimulating environments.A.Deductive demonstrationB.Inductive supportC.Both3.Weve interviewed two hundred professional football players,and 60 percent of them favorexpanding the season to t

45、wenty games.Therefore,60 percent of all professional football playersfavor expanding the season to twenty games.A.Deductive demonstrationB.Inductive supportC.Both4.Believe in God?Yes,of course I do.The universe couldnt have arisen by chance,could it?Besides,I read the other day that more and more ph

46、ysicists believe in God,based on what theyrefinding out about the big bang and all that stuff.A.Deductive demonstrationB.Inductive supportC.Both5.From an office memo:Ive got a good person for your opening in Accounting.Jesse Brown ishis name,and hes as sharp as they come.Jesse has a solid background

47、 in bookkeeping,and hesgood with computers.Hes also reliable,and hell project the right image.He will do a fine job foryou.”A.Deductive demonstrationB.Inductive supportC.Both正确答案ABBCBIdentify each of the following as either IBE,balance of considerations reasoning or neither ofthem.1.Lets go now.I kn

48、ow you wanted to work in the yard,but if we wait longer;we wont make themovie.Plus,its gonna get cold if we dont make tracks.A.IBEB.balance of considerations reasoningc.C.neither of the above2.All things considered,wed be better off taking the Suburban.Plus,lets get AAA to help usmake reservations.A

49、.IBEB.balance of considerations reasoningC.neither of the above3.Its longer taking the 405,but you can drive fasterthough who knows what the traffics like atthis hour.I would say if you want to play it safe,stay on the 5.A.IBEB.balance of considerations reasoningC.neither of the above4.Sherry seems

50、right for the job to me.She speaks French,knows biology,has people skills,andmakes a great impression.The only down side is,she cant start until October.That pretty mucheliminates her,unfortunately.A.IBEB.balance of considerations reasoningC.neither of the above正确答案BBBBIdentify each of the following