高考英语一轮复习（课标3卷B版）课件：专题十二　词义猜测.ppt

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1、Passage1(2018 课标全国,D)词数:312Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.Ifoundthepre-holidaysagoodtimetoencourageyoungchildrentodonateless-usedthin

2、gs,anditworked.Becauseofourefforts,ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealargebagoftoystoalittlegirlwhosemotherwasunabletopayforherholidayduetoillness.Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund(基金)(ourkindergartendaughterisseriousaboutbecomingadoct

3、or).五年高考A组 统一命题课标卷题组Forweeks,I vebeenthinkingofbigger,deeperquestions:Howdowemakeitahabitforthem?Andhowdowetrainourselvestohelpthemlivewith,need,anduseless?Yesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis.Idecidedtoplaywithhimwithonlyonetoyforaslongasitwouldkeephisinterest.Iexpecte

4、dthatonetoywouldkeephisattentionforaboutfiveminutes,tenminutes,max.Ichosearedrubberballsimple,universallyavailable.Wepassedit,hetriedtoputitinhismouth,hetriedbouncingit,rollingit,sittingonit,throwingit.Itwastotally,completelyenoughforhim.BeforeIknewitanhourhadpassedanditwastimetomoveontolunch.Weboth

5、becameabsorbedinthesimplicityofplayingtogether.HehadmyfullattentionandIhadhis.Mylittleexperimenttofindjoyinasingleobjectworkedforbothofus.1.Whatdothewords“moreismore”inparagraph1probablymean?A.Themore,thebetter.B.Enoughisenough.C.Moremoney,moreworries.D.Earnmoreandspendmore.2.WhatmadeGeorgiaagreetos

6、ellsomeofherobjects?A.Savingupforherholiday.B.Raisingmoneyforapoorgirl.C.Addingthemoneytoherfund.D.Givingthemoneytoasickmother.3.WhydidtheauthorplaytheballwithShepherd?A.Totryoutanidea.B.Toshowaparent slove.C.Totrainhisattention.D.Tohelphimstartahobby.4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TakeItorLe

7、aveItB.ALessonfromKidsC.LiveMorewithLessD.ThePleasureofGiving答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。题材为家庭生活类。作为成年人我们都理解身边用不到的东西太多给我们的感觉,但是我们却认为我们的孩子拥有的东西越多越好。我在自己的孩子身上做了一个实验,证明了拥有更少的东西能生活得更好。1.A 词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句话可知,我帮我自己的孩子学会了用更少的东西生活得更好,由此推断出画线词语的意思是“越多越好”,所以答案为A 项。B 项:适可而止。C 项:钱越多就越担心。D 项:挣得多花得多。这三项与父母希望孩子拥有更多的东西的想法不符。2

8、.C 细节理解题。题干句意:什么事让Georgia 同意卖掉她的一些东西?根据第二段最后一句话可知,在我们承诺把这笔钱放进她的学校基金后,她选择卖掉几件较大而不太常用的东西,因为她想把这笔钱放到自己的基金中去,所以答案为C 项。A 项:为了她的假期攒钱。B 项:为一个贫穷的女孩筹款。D 项:把这笔钱给一位生病的母亲。3.A 推理判断题。题干句意:作者为什么要和Shepherd 一起玩球?根据第三段的Yesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis.可以推断出作者和儿子一起玩球是为了检验一下自己的理论。4.C 主

9、旨大意题。作者在第一段的最后就提出了本文的主题:howtolivemorewithless,后面几段描写了作者在自己的孩子身上证明了自己的这个观点是正确的,所以答案为C 项。A 项:要么接受,要么放弃。B 项:从孩子身上学到的教训。D 项:奉献的乐趣。这三项与第一段提出的主题不符。难句分析原句:Becauseofourefforts,ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealargebagoftoystoalit-tlegirlwhosemotherwasunabletopayforherholidayduetoillness.分析:becauseof.作原因状

10、语;谓语动词decide 用助动词did 加以强调;关系代词whose 引导的定语从句修饰先行词alittlegirl。译文:由于我们的努力,我们的女儿Georgia 确实决定把一大袋子玩具捐给一个小女孩,这个女孩的妈妈因为生病而无法支付她的假期费用。重点词汇assume v.认为;假定whenitcomesto 当说到;当涉及belongings n.所有物;财产donate v.捐赠;捐献dueto 由于;因为bedeterminedtodosth.决心做某事Passage2(2018 课标全国,C)词数:360Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthous

11、andsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhap

12、s12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlan-guagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbetterco

13、mmunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyun-even.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspok

14、enbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld slanguagesaresp

15、okenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),Chia-panecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneofthe

16、seseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.1.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D.Theywerecloselyconnected.2.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.3.Howm

17、anylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6,800.B.About3,400.C.About2,400.D.About1,200.4.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.People slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.答案 语篇解读 本文为说明文

18、。作者从语言发展历史这一角度论述了人类的发展导致了世界上语言数量的减少。1.B 推理判断题。本题题干意为:对于采猎者时代的语言,我们可推断出什么?根据第一段第二句(当世界人口仍然由采猎者构成的时候,小的、联系紧密的群体彼此独立地形成了自己的讲话模式。)可知答案为B 项(它们的数量很大)。A:它们发展得很快;C:它们有相似的模式;D:它们联系很紧密。2.C 词义猜测题。本题题干意为:下面哪一项最好地解释了第二段画线词“dominant”?根据画线词所在句子中的“suchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover”可推知dominant

19、 的意思是“占统治地位的,强大的”,故答案为C 项(Powerful)。A:复杂的;B:高级的;D:现代的。3.B 细节理解题。本题题干意为:目前,有多少种语言的使用人数少于6,000?根据第三段第一句(目前世界上大约有6,800 种语言。)和第三段最后一句(这意味着世界的语言中有一半的语言,其使用人数不足6,000。)可知,答案为B 项(6800 1/2=3400)。4.C 主旨大意题。本题题干意为:本文的主旨是什么?作者在首段首句介绍了本文的主题,即语言几千年来一直变化不定,但在最近时期,其数量越来越少。然后进一步解释造成这种现象的原因是社会的发展,故答案为C 项。难句分析原句:Somel

20、anguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmil-lionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.分析:本句的主句为:Somelanguageexpertsbelieve。后面的that 从句为宾语从句,该从句的主干为:theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem;10,000yearsago 为时间状语;whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople 为非限制性定语

21、从句,修饰先行词10,000yearsago。译文:一些专家认为,在一万年前,当时世界上只有五百万至一千万人口,他们之间可能要说12,000 种语言。重点词汇settledown 定居下来globalisation n.全球化distribution n.分布relatively adv.相对地Passage3(2018 课标全国,B)词数:276ManyofusloveJulybecauseit sthemonthwhennature sberriesandstonefruitsareinabun-dance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishCo

22、lumbia sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白质),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物质).Theyellowandorangestonefr

23、uitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(樱桃),theyaresodelicious.Whocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.Whencombinedwithberriesorslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream”.Forthispurpose,sel

24、ectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.Removetheskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfe

25、edinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachil-dren sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatch-ingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.1.Whatdoestheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherries?A.Theycontainprotei

26、n.B.TheyarehighinvitaminA.C.Theyhaveapleasanttaste.D.Theyarerichinantioxidants.2.Whyisfreshlemonjuiceusedinfreezingbananas?A.Tomakethemsmellbetter.B.Tokeeptheircolour.C.Tospeeduptheirripening.D.Toimprovetheirnutrition.3.Whatis“ajuicer”inthelastparagraph?A.Adessert.B.Adrink.C.Acontainer.D.Amachine.4.

27、Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Abiologytextbook.B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Aresearchpaper.D.Atravelbrochure.答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,题材为食品营养类。许多人最爱七月,因为在这个月份大量的新鲜水果成熟了。本文介绍了几种对人体有益的水果,还为你推荐了一种孩子们喜欢的自制果汁。1.C 细节理解题。题干意为:作者似乎喜欢樱桃的什么?根据第二段最后两句话(至于樱桃,它们那么美味可口,谁在乎呢?然而,它们富含维他命C。)可知作者喜欢樱桃的美味可口,所以答案为C 项。A 项:它们含有蛋白质;B 项:

28、它们富含维他命A;D 项:它们富含抗氧化物。这三项均与文章所述不符。2.B 推理判断题。题干意为:为什么在冷冻香蕉时要加点新鲜的柠檬汁?根据第三段倒数第二句话(如果你喜欢的话,挤一点新鲜的柠檬汁到香蕉上会防止它们变成褐色。)可推断出这么做是为了保持香蕉本来的颜色,所以答案为B 项。A 项:为了让它们更好闻;C 项:为了加速它们的成熟;D 项:为了增加它们的营养。这三项均与原文描述不符。3.D 词义猜测题。题干意为:最后一段的“ajuicer”是什么?根据最后一段第一句和第二句话的描述(如果你有一个榨汁机的话,你就把冷冻的香蕉和一些浆果或者切成片的水果放进去。就会出来一种软软的奶油状的甜品,要马

29、上吃掉哦。)可以推断出画线部分是一种能制作果汁样食品的机器,所以答案为D 项。4.B 推理判断题。题干意为:这篇文章可能选自什么?根据第一段第二句话的描述(这些来自不列颠哥伦比亚省土地上的色彩鲜艳的甜甜的宝贝就是营养保护的小集团。)再结合后文描述的几种富含各种维生素的水果,我们可以推断出本文是来自与健康营养相关的书,即一本健康杂志,所以答案为B 项。A 项:一本生物课本;C 项:一篇研究论文;D 项:一本旅游册子。这三项与文章主题不符。难句分析原句:Whencombinedwithberriesorslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellent

30、baseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream”.分析:第一个逗号前是when 引导的省略了主语和be 动词的时间状语从句,相当于Whentheyarecombinedwith.,第一个逗号后是句子的主干。句子的主语frozenbananas 与combine 之间是被动关系。译文:当与浆果或者其他的水果片混合在一起时,冷冻的香蕉就会成为一种极好的用来制作浓浓的冷奶昔和低脂肪冰激凌的基本材料。重点词汇contain vt.包含;含有particularly adv.特别;尤其(be)combinedwith 与 结合/混合词汇积累 abund

31、ance n.大量;充裕nutritional adj.营养的container n.容器Passage4(2017 课标全国,D)词数:311Abuild-it-yourselfsolarstill(蒸馏器)isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.DevelopedbytwodoctorsintheU.S.DepartmentofA-griculture,it sanexcellentwatercollector.Unfortunately,youmustcarryth

32、enecessaryequipmentwithyou,sinceit sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.Theonlycomponentsrequired,though,area5 5sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic,sixfeetofplastictube,andacontainerperhapsjustadrinkingcuptocatchthewater.Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.Toconstructa

33、workingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsupandoutthesideofthehole.Next,covertheholew

34、iththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet scenterdownwitharock.Theplasticshouldnowformacone(圆锥体)with45-degree-angledsides.Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover,andnomorethanthreeinchesabove,thecup.Thesolarstillworksbycreatingagreenhouseundertheplastic.Grou

35、ndwaterevaporates(蒸发)andcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform,rundownthematerial,andfalloffintothecup.Whenthecontainerisfull,youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube,andwon thavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink.1.Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarstillequipmentfromthefirstparagraph?A.It sdel

36、icate.B.It sexpensive.C.It scomplex.D.It sportable.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inparagraph2referto?A.Thetube.B.Thestill.C.Thehole.D.Thecup.3.Whatisthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstill?A.Digaholeofacertainsize.B.Putthecupinplace.C.Weightthesheet scenterdown.D.Covertheholewith

37、theplasticsheet.4.Whenasolarstillworks,dropsofwatercomeintothecupfrom.A.theplastictube B.outsidetheholeC.theopenair D.beneaththesheet答案 语篇解读 本文为说明文,属于科普类文章。文章介绍了在野外自制蒸馏装置收集饮用水的过程及其工作原理。短文首先说明了自制蒸馏装置所需的部件,然后详细说明了制作装置的几个步骤,最后简要阐述了其工作原理。1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句,尤其是尾句Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlit-tlepac

38、kandfastenedonyourbelt.可知该装置是可折叠的、便携的(portable),故答案为D 项。2.B 词义猜测题。本题问第二段中画线的“thewatercatcher”指的是什么。根据第二段前两句可知,画线短语指代的是该段首句中的aworkingstill,故答案为B 项。3.C 细节理解题。本题问制作蒸馏器的最后一个步骤是什么。根据第二、三段可知四个选项的正确顺序是ABDC,故答案为C 项。4.D 细节理解题。本题问蒸馏器工作时水滴从何处进入杯子。根据尾段前两句可知该装置是利用蒸发到塑料薄片上的水分凝聚成水滴,最后滴落到杯子中,故答案为D 项。高级语块 1.substitu

39、te n.代用品ponent n.零件,构成要素;成分3.productivity n.生产力;生产效率4.secure v.把 弄牢5.falloffinto 落入,注入长难句Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsupandoutthesideofthehole.接着把管子放在恰当的位置,使管子的一端一直放在杯子里并且管子的其余部分向上延伸到所挖坑的外部。主句laythetubeinplace 为祈使句;sothat 引导目的状语从句,从句是and 连接的并列句。inplac

40、e在恰当的地方;alltheway 自始至终。Passage5(2017 课标全国,B)词数:289IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968,whenGeorgeRoyHill,thedirectorof Butch Cassidy and theSundance Kid,introducedusinNewYorkCity.Whenthestudiodidn twantmeforthefilmitwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaulhestoodupforme.Idon tknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat;theywoul

41、dhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers.Thefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmand The Stingfouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference,webothcamefromatraditionoftheaterandliveTV.Wewererespectfulofcraft(技艺)andfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingto

42、play.BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors:humorous,aggressive,andmakingfunofeachotherbutalwayswithanunderlyingaffection.Thosewerealsoatthecore(核心)ofourrelationshipoffthescreen.Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingbackhewithhisNewma

43、n sOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill,andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival.PaulandIdidn tseeeachotherallthatregularly,butsharingthatbroughtustogether.Wesupportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingupatevents.Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago.He dbeeninandoutofthehospital.HeandIbot

44、hknewwhatthedealwas,andwedidn ttalkaboutit.Ourswasarelationshipthatdidn tneedalotofwords.1.Whywasthestudiounwillingtogivetheroletotheauthoratfirst?A.PaulNewmanwantedit.B.Thestudiopowersdidn tlikehisagent.C.Hewasn tfamousenough.D.Thedirectorrecommendedsomeoneelse.2.WhydidPaulandtheauthorhavealastingf

45、riendship?A.Theywereofthesameage.B.Theyworkedinthesametheater.C.Theywerebothgoodactors.D.Theyhadsimilarcharacteristics.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto?A.Theirbelief.B.Theircareforchildren.C.Theirsuccess.D.Theirsupportforeachother.4.Whatistheauthor spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Tosh

46、owhisloveoffilms.B.Torememberafriend.C.Tointroduceanewmovie.D.Tosharehisactingexperience.答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。描述的是作者与著名演员保罗 纽曼的友情。文章内容包括:两个人最初相识的情景(第一段),友谊的基础(第二段),两人成名后以实际行动回报社会(第三段),回忆与保罗最后见面的情景(第四段)。1.C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul”可知,这家电影公司不想把这个角色给作者,是因为他们想把角色给像保罗这样出名的人,由此推断作者当时知名

47、度还不够高,所以答案为C 项。2.D 推理判断题。第二段指出他们的友谊建立于共同参演两部电影的经历。但他们的友谊能够长久,根本原因是他们有相似的特性:一是具有剧院演出和参加电视直播的背景;二是看重演技、专注于对角色的探究和发掘;三是他们都具有典型美国演员所具有的品质和美德。根据以上信息可推断出答案为D。3.A 词义猜测题。根据本段第一句话“Wesharedthebeliefthatif.”可知,我们共同的信念(belief)是:如果你有幸事业成功,就应该进行回报。文章接着介绍了两人在这方面的具体作为,画线词所在分句意为“但是分享我们的信念使我们走到了一起”,所以答案为A 项。4.B 推理判断题

48、。文章开头作者介绍了自己与著名演员保罗 纽曼相识的情景,后面描述了两人的交往和深厚的友谊。最后一段指出“我几个月前最后一次见到保罗,他几乎离不开医院了”,由此可推断作者发表此文时,保罗或许已经离世,由此推断出作者写这篇文章就是为了缅怀故友。所以答案为B 项。高级语块 1.experience n.经历2.berespectfulof 尊重3.humorousadj.幽默的4.aggressive adj.有进取心的长难句Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback.我们有着

49、相同的信念,那就是如果你足够幸运而成功了的话,你应该对这个世界有所回报本句为主从复合句。句子的主干为Wesharedthebelief。that 引导同位语从句,说明belief 的内容。Passage6(2016 课标全国,B)词数:323OnoneofhertripstoNewYorkseveralyearsago,EudoraWeltydecidedtotakeacoupleofNewYorkfriendsouttodinner.TheysettledinatacomfortableEastSidecafeandwithinminutes,an-othercustomerwasappro

50、achingtheirtable.“Hey,aren tyoufromMississippi?”theelegant,white-hairedwriterrememberedbeingaskedbythestranger.“I mfromMississippitoo.”Withoutasecondthought,thewomanjoinedtheWeltyparty.Whenherdinnerpartnershowedup,shealsopulledupachair.“TheybegantellingmeallthenewsofMississippi,”Weltysaid.“Ididn tkn