2022-2023学年河北省石家庄市高二上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）.docx

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1、石家庄市20222023学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测高二英语（时间120分钟，满分150分）第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂 到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题;每小题L5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.答案是c。1 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wha

2、t does the man want to do?A. Choose a movie.B. Have something to drink.C. Buy some popcorn.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M: My movies about to start, but Im so hungry! Do you have any specials today?W: Yes, theyre on this sign. Depending on what food you buy, you receive a free soft drink.M: Oh, I see. Well, Til go

3、with popcorn.2 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the woman mean?C. She likes to eat out.A. She wants to try the restaurant. B. She will treat the man.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M: That restaurant really serves good food.W: Let me know next time you go; Ill join you.3 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What are the speakers mainly tal

4、king about?A. When T-shirts will arrive.flight, creating 3D models from digital images, to build a winged drone （无人机）.Study leader Javaan Chahl believes that winged drones based on the dragonflys shape and movement will simply be more flexible and energy efficient.ChahPs team used a special photogra

5、phy technique to classify the wing shapes of 75 different dragonfly species from museum collections. Their wings are long, light and hard. Plus, their long bodies give them excellent stability and balance, making it possible for winged drones to deliver awkward loads and undertake long observation m

6、issions.Investigating the way that dragonflies remain stable during flight actually reveals the techniques they use to get themselves out of tricky situations. Dragonflies are found to be able to perform upside-down backflips to regain balance and normal flight, when they find themselves upside down

7、 mid-air. This special skill can even be performed while dragonflies are unconscious, meaning it is a passive stability mechanism similar in concept to planes that are designed to glide to safety with their engines turned off. Engineers are looking to copy dragonfly wings to create safer drones that

8、 can right themselves.Of course, not all attempts to build dragonfly-like drones are successful. TechJets air vehicle was supposed to operate as an aerial camera, observation and security drone, but it failed before production got underway. Similarly, Insectothopter, an American dragonfly spy drone

9、built in the 1970 s was deserted.Yet the principles behind winged drones are solid. In fact, NASA has settled on a nuclear-powered autonomous craft called Dragonfly to explore the surface of Saturns moon Titan in 2034. NASAs project is actually an air vehicle, rather than a winged drone, but enginee

10、rs are still convinced they can crack the code of natures most gifted flying insect and revolutionize unmanned flight along the way.28. Why did aeronautics specialists spend months studying the dragonflys flight?A. To build 3D models from digital images.B. To make winged drones modelled after it.C.

11、To clarify the flexibility and efficiency of drones.D. To display the shape and movement of the dragonfly.29. The special skill of dragonflies is their ability to.A. glide to safetyB. avoid tricky situationsC. perform observation tasksD. adjust themselves to stay stable30. What is the authors attitu

12、de towards winged drones?A. Skeptical.B. Uncertain.C. Supportive.D. Conservative.31. Which can be a suitable title for the text?A. Winged Drones: Still a Long Way to GoB. Javaan Chahl: An Innovative Leader of AeronauticsC. A Dragonflys Flying Technique: Perfect fbr DronesD. The Code of Nature: A Sol

13、ution to NASAs Space Exploration【答案】28. B 29. D 30. C 31. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。南澳大利亚大学的航空专家花了几个月的时间研究蜻蜓的飞行，从数字图像创 建3D模型，以建造一架有翼无人机。文章介绍了蜻蜓特殊的飞行技能以及人们对类似蜻蜓的无人机的尝试。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第段 u Aeronautics （航空学）specialists from the University of South Australia spent months studying the dragonflys flight, creating

14、3D models from digital images, to build a winged drone （无人机）.（南澳大 利亚大学的航空专家花了几个月的时间研究蜻蜓的飞行，从数字图像创建3D模型，以建造一架有翼无人机）” 可知，航空专家花了几个月的时间研究蜻蜓的飞行是为了仿照它制作有翼无人机。故选B。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中 “Dragonflies are found to be able to perform upside-down backflips to regain balance and normal flight, when they find thems

15、elves upside down mid-air. This special skill can even be performed while dragonflies are unconscious, meaning it is a passive stability mechanism similar in concept to planes that are designed to glide to safety with their engines turned off.（人们发现，当蜻蜓发现自己在半空中倒立时，它们能够 进行倒立后空翻以恢复平衡和正常飞行。这种特殊技能甚至可以在蜻蜓

16、无意识的情况下进行，这意味着它 是一种被动稳定机制，在概念上类似于飞机在关闭引擎的情况下滑翔到安全地带）”可知，蜻蜓的特殊技能 是它们调整自己以保持稳定的能力。故选D。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Yet the principles behind winged drones are solid.（然而，有翼无人机背后的原 理是可靠的）” 以及 “NASA飞 project is actually an air vehicle, rather than a winged drone, but engineers are still convinced they can crack

17、the code of natures most gifted flying insect and revolutionize unmanned flight along the way.（美国宇航局的项目实际上是一种飞行器，而不是有翼无人机，但工程师们仍然相信他们可以破解自然 界最具天赋的飞行昆虫的密码，并在此过程中彻底改变无人飞行）”可推知，作者对有翼无人机的态度是支 持的。故选C。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段 u Aeronautics （航空学）specialists from the University of South Australia spent months stu

18、dying the dragonflys flight, creating 3D models from digital images, to build a winged drone （无人机）.Study leader Javaan Chahl believes that winged drones based on the dragonflys shape and movement will simply be more flexible and energy efficient.（南澳大利亚大学的航空专家花了几个月的时间研究蜻蜓的飞行，从数字图像创 建3D模型，以建造一架有翼无人机。研

19、究负责人JavaanChahl认为，基于蜻蜓形状和运动的带翼无人机将 更加灵活和节能）”结合文章介绍了蜻蜓特殊的飞行技能以及人们对类似蜻蜓的无人机的尝试。可知，C选 项“蜻蜓的飞行技术：无人机的完美选择”最符合文章标题。故选C。DHave you ever had the urge to open a book and stick your nose straight into the pages? The smell of old books can refresh any book lovers. We dont know why, but it is just pleasant to u

20、s.Describing the smell can be a challenge. And mere adjectives will likely be of little use to future generations of historians trying to document, understand or reproduce the scent （气味）of slowly decaying （腐朽）books. Now, that task may have just gotten easier thanks to the Historic Book Odor Wheel.In

21、 one experiment, researchers asked visitors at the historic library to characterize the scents they smelled. All the visitors selected words like “woody, smoky and earthy“ from the list, and described the smells intensity and perceived pleasantness. In another experiment, the study authors presented

22、 visitors to the Birmingham Museum with eight smells - one of which was an unlabeled historic book scent and seven were non-bookish, such as coffee, chocolate, fish market and dirty clothes. The researchers then had those museumgoers describe the historic book smell. The top two responses? Chocolate

23、 and coffee. You tend to use familiar associations to describe smells when they are unlabeled J study author Cecilia Bembibre says.The team even analyzed the volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in the book and the library. Using the data from the chemical analysis and visitors smell descriptions, the

24、researchers created the Historic Book Odor Wheel to document the historic library smell”. Main categories, such as “sweet/spicy”, fill the inner circle of the wheel; descriptors, such as chocolate/cream, fill the middle; and the chemical compounds likely to be the smelly source, like furfural, fill

25、the outer circle.The researchers want the book odor wheel to be a tool that untrained noses can use to identify smells and the compounds causing them, which could address conservators9 concerns about material composition and historic paper conservation. And hopefully, smells of the past can be repro

26、duced in the lab someday and museums and historians can use it to reconstruct a past we can no longer smell.32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A. A strange reading habit.B. Addiction to reading books.C. A dislike for smelling books.D. Fascination for smells of books.33. How do p

27、eople usually describe unlabeled smells?A. By referring to familiar items.B. By using adjectives to label them.C. By linking them with food smells.D. By analyzing chemical components.34. What is the function of the Historic Book Odor Wheel?A. To characterize smells.B. To store book smells.C. To coll

28、ect history books.D. To test different scents.35. What is the potential future application of the study?A. Creating a whole new scent.B. Sharpening sensory perceptions.C. Restoring smells of historic documents.D. Extracting components of old book smell”.【答案】32.D33. A 34. A 35. C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍

29、了一种用于记录旧书气味的“气味轮”的诞生。研究人员通过在博 物馆和图书馆组织游客进行气味感官描述，并开展化学分析，创建了历史书籍气味轮来记录“历史图书馆 的气味”。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第段 “Have you ever had the urge to open a book and stick your nose straight into the pages? The smell of old books can refresh any book lovers. We dont know why, but it is just pleasant to us.（你是否曾经 有过一种冲

30、动，打开一本书，把鼻子直接伸进书页里？旧书的味道能让任何一个书迷焕然一新。我们不知 道为什么，但这对我们来说很愉快。）”可知，第一段描述了我们对书籍气味的迷恋。故选D。33题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话 “You tend to use familiar associations to describe smells when they are unlabeled/5 study author Cecilia Bembibre says.（ “当没有标签的气味时，你倾向于使用熟悉的联想来描述它 们，”研究作者Cecilia Bembibre说）”及第三段全段对于实验过程的描述可知，人

31、们在描述未知气味时，倾 向于使用熟悉的事物来展开联想。故选A。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的 “Using the data from the chemical analysis and visitors, smell descriptions, the researchers created the Historic Book Odor Wheel to document the historic library smell”. Main categories, such as “sweet/spicy”, fill the inner circle of the wheel; d

32、escriptors, such as 6Uchocolate/cream, fill the middle; and the chemical compounds likely to be the smelly source, like furfural, fill the outer circle.（利用化学分析的数据和游客 对气味的描述，研究人员创建了 “历史图书气味轮”来记录“历史图书馆气味:主要类别，如“甜/辣”， 填满了轮子的内圈；描述符，如“巧克力/奶油”，填充在中间；而气味来源的化合物，如糠醛，则填满了外层。）”可知，“历史图书气味轮”的功能应是描述气味。故选A。【35题详解】

33、 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 “The researchers want the book odor wheel to be a tool that untrained noses” can use to identify smells and the compounds causing them, which could address conservators9 concerns about material composition and historic paper conservation. And hopefully, smells of the past can be repr

34、oduced in the lab someday and museums and historians can use it to reconstruct a past we can no longer smell.（研究人员希望这 本书的气味轮能成为一种工具，“未经训练的鼻子”可以用来识别气味和导致气味的化合物，这可以解决文 物保护人员对材料组成和历史纸张保护的担忧。希望有一天，过去的气味可以在实验室里重现，博物馆和 历史学家可以用它来重建我们再也闻不到的过去。）”可知，研究者们未来有望利用气味轮来保护历史材料 文献、重现过去的气味。故选C。第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分

35、） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选 项。For making contact and communicating with a person, effective eye contact is essential to our everyday interaction with people, and also to those who want to be effective communicators in public places. 36.Generally in Western societies and many other cul

36、tures, eye contact with a person is expected to be regular but not overly persistent. 37、causing the person whos the object of a persons stare to feel overly studied anduncomfortable.38. The New Zealand Medical Journal reported that one reason so many young children fall victim toattacks by pet dogs

37、 is their overly-lasting eye contact with pets, which causes them to feel threatened and defensive. Overly lasting eye contact is also a sign of a persons over-awareness of the messages they are giving. In the case of people who try to lie to someone, they may distort （扭曲）their eye contact so that t

38、heyre not avoiding it.39. But on the contrary, evasive （逃避的）eye contact is a sign of discomfort. Why do we avoid looking at aperson? It may be because we feel ashamed to be looking at them if were being dishonest of trying to take them in. Evasive eye contact may also a sign of dishonesty.However, S

39、cotlands University of Stirling found that, in a question-and-answer study among children, those who maintained eye contact were less likely to come up with the correct answer to a question than those who looked away to consider their response. 40, when this energy could be spent on deep thinking.A.

40、 This is a widely recognized indicator of lyingB. Constant eye contact is often considered to be rudeC. Eye contact is the act of looking into someones eyesD. But theres something you may not know about eye contactE. Oveipowering eye contact can make the other person excitedF. Even between humans an

41、d non-humans, lasting eye contact is sometimes unadvisableG. Eye contact, as a socializing device, can take a surprising amount of effort to maintain【答案】36.D37. B 38. F 39. A 40. G【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了生活中一些你可能不知道的关于眼神交流的事。【36题详解】根据上文 “For making contact and communicating with a person, effective

42、eye contact is essential to our everyday interaction with people, and also to those who want to be effective communicators in public places.（为了 与人接触 和交流，有效的眼神交流对于我们与人的日常互动至关重要，对于那些想在公共场所成为有效沟通者的人 来说也是如此）”可知，上文介绍了眼神交流在生活中的重要性，D项但是有一些你可能不知道的关于眼 神交流的事”能够承接上文并引起下文，下文介绍的正是一些你可能不知道的关于眼神交流的事。故选D。【37题详解】根据上

43、文“Generally in Western societies and many other cultures, eye contact with a person is expected to be regular but not overly persistent.（一般来说，在西方社会和许多其他文化中，与人的眼神接触应该是间隙均匀的，但 不会过于持久）”可知，上文告诉我们，在西方社会和许多其他文化中，眼神接触不应该过于持久，B项“不 断的眼神接触通常被认为是粗鲁的”能够承接上文，在西方社会和许多其他文化中，眼神接触不应该过于 持久，因为不断的目光接触通常被认为是粗鲁的。故选B。【38题

44、详解】根据下文 “The New Zealand Medical Journal reported that one reason so many young children fall victim to attacks by pet dogs is their overly-lasting eye contact with pets, which causes them to feel threatened and defensive. （ Cilf 西兰医学杂志报道说，许多儿童成为宠物狗攻击的受害者的一个原因是他们与宠物长时间的眼神接触， 这使宠物狗感到受到威胁，开始防御）”可知，下文告

45、诉我们儿童与宠物长时间的眼神接触使宠物狗感到受 到威胁，并攻击儿童，F项“即使在人类和非人类之间，持续的目光接触有时也是不可取的”能够引起下文， 下文正是人类和非人类之间，持续的目光接触所带来的危害。故选F。【39题详解】根据上文 “In the case of people who try to lie to someone, they may distort （扭曲）their eye contact so that they9 re not avoiding it.（如果有人试图对某人撒谎，他们可能会扭曲他们的眼神接触，以便他们不会避免眼神接触）” 可知，上文告诉我们有人试图撒谎时，会通

46、过扭曲他们的眼神接触来掩饰心虚，A项“这是一个被广泛认 可的说谎标志”是对上文内容的总结，扭曲眼神接触是一个被广泛认可的说谎标志。故选A。【40题详解】根据下文“when this energy could be spent on deep thinking.（当这些精力可以用于深入思考时）”可知，文章 结尾进行总结，告诉我们眼神交流需要进行练习，进行深入思考，G项“眼神交流作为一种社交手段，需 要付出惊人的努力才能保持”能够引起下文，眼神交流作为一种社交手段，需要付出惊人的努力才能保持, 我们需要花费精力用于深入思考。故选G。第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题;每小题

47、1分,满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Most brides are angry when they are outshone at their own wedding. For Brenna Klemen, however, she would not have it any other way.When Brenna married Brock Kendall back in April she knew she 41 her 83-year-old grandmother to play a 42 role in the wed

48、ding. Grandma was very 43 J Brenna said, She was almost in tears because she wanted to make sure she did OK on my special day.”On the actual wedding day, Grandma did more than just OK, as she 44 stole the show! All45was on her as she walked down the aisle （过道）,and the46moment was captured （拍摄）bywedding 47 Thomas Felts in images that have since 48rapidly.“Every time she threw more petals （花瓣）in the air, our family cheered loudly and happily,“ Brenna said, adding that all of her wedding guests 49. This was a wedding that 50 nobody in attendance will ever5