2021年北京市高考英语试卷（原卷版）.pdf

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1、2021年 北 京 市 高 考 真 题 英 语 试 卷 北 京 卷 英 语 本 试 卷 共 11页，共 100分.考 试 时 长 90分 钟.考 生 务 必 在 答 题 卡 指 定 区 域 作 答，在 试 卷 上 作 答 无 效.考 试 结 束 后，将 本 试 卷 和 答 题 卡 一 并 交 回.第 一 部 分 知 识 运 用(共 两 节，30分)第 一 节(共 10小 题；每 小 题 1.5分，共 15分)阅 读 下 面 短 文，掌 握 其 大 意，从 每 题 所 给 的 A、B、C、D 四 个 选 项 中，选 出 最 佳 选 项，并 在 答 题 卡 上 将 该 项 涂 黑.Recently

2、,I took a trip home by train.I got a seat opposite a middle-aged man with sharp eyes,whokept I a young woman in a window seat with a liule boy on her lap.The womans eye fell on the mans faceand she immediately looked down and 2 her scarf.As the night wore on,people began to close their eyes,but the

3、seats were so uncomfortable that only a very heavysleeper could manage to get any 3 The woman looked over at the man.He was still staring at her.Shelooked back a(him with fire in her eyes.I was beginning to get 4,too.The train moved on.The little boy was 5 awake on his mothers lap,but the woman drop

4、ped off tosleep.A moment later,he began to 6 the half-open window-one leg went over it.The man jumped up and7 the child just before he fell out.The 8 woke up the woman.She seemed to be in 9,and then reality dawned(显 现).Yourchild has been looking fbr an opportunity to climb out of the window,“the man

5、 said as he gave the child back toher.”So I have been watching the whole lime.The woman w as 1 0,and so was I.1.A.guiding B.bothering C.watching D.monitoring2.A.adjusted B.changed C.packed D.waved3.A.air B.joy C.space D.rest4.A.nervous B.embarrassed C.angry D.disappoinled5.A.almost B.still C.hardly

6、D.even6 A.drag B.climb C.knock D.push7.A.grabbed B.rocked C.touched D.picked8.A.alarm B.quarrel C.risk D.noise9.A.sorrow B.relief C.panic D.pain10.A.astonished B.confused C.concerned D.inspired第 二 节（共 10小 题；每 小 题 L5分，共 15分）A阅 读 下 列 短 文，根 据 短 文 内 容 填 空.在 未 给 提 示 词 的 空 白 处 仅 填 写 1个 恰 当 的 单 词，在 给 出 提 示

7、 词 的 空 白 处 用 括 号 内 所 给 词 的 正 确 形 式 填 空。Why do we dream?Scientists arent completely sure,and they have diverse 11(idea).Dreams might be aside effect of memory making.When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything 12 happened during theday trying to link new experiences to old memories.As it 13(co

8、nnect)things,your brain turns them into astory,and you get a dream.B阅 读 下 列 短 文，根 据 短 文 内 容 填 空.在 未 给 提 示 词 的 空 白 处 仅 填 写 1个 恰 当 的 单 词，在 给 出 提 示 词 的 空 白 处 用 括 号 内 所 给 词 的 正 确 形 式 填 空。Sam is an in-real-life streamer(播 主)，and he live streams himself just going about his day.While riding his bikehome 1

9、4 a cold night,he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself.Thepoor woman wasnt able to give him any information about 15 she lived.Sam walked her to a nearbyconvenience store so that she could 16(safe)wait for the police to take her home.C阅 读 下 列 短 文，根 据 短 文 内 容 填 空.在

10、 未 给 提 示 词 的 空 白 处 仅 填 写 I 个 恰 当 的 单 词，在 给 出 提 示 词 的 空 白 处 用 括 号 内 所 给 词 的 正 确 形 式 填 空。There 17(be)a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20years.18(cause)largely by rising global(cinpcra(urcs,according to a new report from the United Nations.From2000 to 2019.there wer

11、e 7,348 major natural disasters around the world,19(result)in USD 2,970 billion ineconomic loss.Much of(his increase can be due to climate change.The findings show a critical need 20(invest)in disaster prevention.第 二 部 分 阅 读 理 解(共 两 节，38分)第 一 节(共 14小 题；每 小 题 2分，共 28分)阅 读 下 列 短 文，从 每 题 所 给 的 A、B、C、D

12、四 个 选 项 中，选 出 最 佳 选 项，并 在 答 题 卡 上 将 该 项 涂 黑.AIf you are planning to start a career in the field of education,science,or culture,then an internship(A)a(UNESCO will be ideal for you.Who can apply?You have completed your full-time university studies：or.You are studying in a graduate program for a maste

13、rs degree.Applicants in technical assignments must have reached the last year of their studies in a technical institulion.What are the requirements?Ybu must be at least 20 years old.You should have a good command（掌 握）of either English or French.Ybu must have an excellent knowledge of office-related

14、software.You should be able to work well in a team and adapt to an inteniaiional working environment.You should possess strong interpersonal and communication skills.What do you need to prepare?Visa：You should obtain the necessary visas.Travel：You must arrange and finance your travel to and from the

15、 location where you will do your internship.Medical insurance：You must show proof of a comprehensive health insurance valid（有 效 的）in the targetcountry for the entire period of the internship.UNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage up to USD30,000 forthe inteniship period.Medical certificate：Y

16、ou must provide a medical certificate indicating you are fit to work.Motivation letter：You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application form.Your application will be accessed by UNESCO managers and will stay in our database for six months.We do notrespond to every cand

17、idate.If selected,you will be contacted by a manager.If you do not receive any update withinsix months,it means that your application has not been successful.21.According to this passage,applicants are required t o.A.hold a masters degree in scienceB.have international work experienceC.be fluent in

18、either English or FrenchD.present a letter from a technical institution22.What will UNESCO provide for the internship period?A.Limited medical insurance coverage.B.Training in communication skills.C.A medical certificate for work.D.Financial support tor travel.23.What should applicants do before fil

19、ling out the application form?A.Contact UNESCO managers.B.Get access to the database.C.Keep a motivation letter at hand.D.Work in a team fbr six months.BI remember the day during our first week of class when we were inlbrmed about our semester（学 期）project ofvolunteering at a non-profit organization.

20、When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed ourhelp,my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children（O1C）.My first impression of the organization was that it was notgoing to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind.Then,an OIC representative gave us some deta

21、ils,which somewhat interested me.After doing some research,I believed that we could really do something for those kids.When I went online to the OIC website,I saw pictures ofthe Iraqi children.Tlicir faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair（绝 望）and need that I joined（his project

22、without hesitation.Wc decided（o collect as many school supplies as possible,and make them into kits-one kit,one child.The most rewarding day fbr our group was project day,when all the efforts we pul into collecting the items finallycame together.When I saw the various supplies we had collected,it hi

23、t me that every kit we were to build that daywould eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child.Over the past four months,I had never imagined how I would feelonce our project was completed.While making the kits*I realized that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind it.Ihad only focused on the

24、fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good grade on.When the kitswere completed,and ready to be sent overseas,the wann feeling I had was one I would never forget.In the beginning*I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another person.Now（hat our project is over

25、.Irealize that I have affected not only one life,but ten.With our efforts,ten young boys and girls will now be able tofurther their education.24.How did the author feel about joining the OIC project in ihe beginning?A.It would affect his/her initial plans.B.It would involve traveling overseas.C.It w

26、ould not bring him/her a good grade.D It would not live up to his/her expectations.25.What mainly helped the author change his/her attitude toward the project?A.Images of Iraqi children.B.Research by his/her classmates.C.A teachers introduction.D.A representatives comments.26.The authors OIC project

27、 group would help ten Iraqi children t o.A.become OIC volunteers B.further iheir educationC.study in foreign countries D.influence other children27.What can we conclude from this passage?A.Ones potential cannot always be underrated.B.First impression cannot always be trusted.C.Actions speak louder t

28、han words.D.He who hesitates is lost.cHundreds of scientists,writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open letter published lastDecember:Pol icy makers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapse.Researchers in manyareas have projected the widespread colla

29、pse as a credible scenario（情 景）this century.A survey of scientists found that extreme weather events,food insecurity,and freshwater shortages might createglobal collapse.Of course,if you are a non-human species,collapse is well underway.The call fbr public engagement with the unthinkable is especial

30、ly germane in this moment of still-uncontrolledpandemic and economic crises in the worlds most technologically advanced nations.Not veiy long ago,it was alsounthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking inflexibility.The international s

31、cholars warning letter doesnt say exactly what collapse will look like or when it might happen.Collapseology,the study of collapse,is more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers of everydaycivilization.Among the signatories（签 署 者）of the warning was Bob Johnson,the originator of

32、the ecological fbotprint,concept,which measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle.With the currentfootprint of humanity,4 it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form,possibly within a decade,certainlywithin this century,Johnson said in a

33、n email.“Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits the December warning letter says,“can we havethe hope to reduce their speed,severity and harm”.And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to beignored.We all want to hope things will turn out fine.As a poet wrote,Man

34、 is a victim o f dope（麻 辞 品）In the incurable fonn o f hope.The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent（执 着）on quieting hope that ignores preparedness.Letslook directly into the issue of collapse,they say,“and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make thebest of

35、a troubling future?28.What does the underlined word“germane”in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.Scientific.B.Credible.C.Original.D.Relevant.29.As for the public awareness of global collapse,the author i s.A.worried B.puzzledC.surprised D.scared30.What can we learn from this passage?A.The signatories may

36、change the biophysical limits.B.The author agrees with the message of the poem.C.The issue of collapse is being prioritized.D.The global collapse is well underway.DEarly fifth-century philosopher St.Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone askedhim.Albert Einstein added ano

37、ther wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measureit.Todays state-of-the-art atomic（原 子 的）clocks have proven Einstein right.Even advanced physics cantdecisively tell us what time is,because the answer depends on the question youre asking.Forget about time as an absolute.W

38、hat if,instead of considering time in tenns of astronomy,we related time toecology?What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo（节 奏）of human life?Were increasinglyaware of the fact that we cant control Earth systems with engineering alonef and realizing that we need to moderate（调）our

39、 actions if we hope to live in balance.What if our definition of time reflected that?Recently,I conceptualized a new approach（o timekeeping thats connected to circumstances on our planet,conditions that might change as a result of global wanning.Were now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that

40、reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers,which are sensitive to local and global environmentalchanges.Weve programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate.If therivers run faster in the future on average,the clock will get ahead of standa

41、rd time.If they run slower,youll see theopposite effect.The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-temi trends in river dynamics.Its a sort of observatorythat reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame（时 间 框 架），and allows us to witness thosechanges on our smar

42、twatches or phones.Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony withthe planet.Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may bemotivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies.Even if this m

43、ethod of timekeeping is novel in its particulars,early agricultiinil societies also connected time tonatural phenomena.In pre-Classical Greece,for instance,peopletlcorrected,official calendars by shifting datesforward or backward to reflect the change of season.Temporal connection to the environment

44、 was vital to theirsurvival.Likewise,river time and other timekeeping systems were developing may encourage environmentalawareness.When St.Augustine admitted his inability to define time,he highlighted one of tim es most noticeablequalities：Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context.Any timek

45、eeping system is valid,and each is aspraiseworthy as its purpose.31.What is the main idea of Paragraph I?A.Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature.B.Everyone can define time on their own terms.C.The qualities of time vary with how you measure it.D.Time is a major concern of philosophers and sc

46、ientists.32.The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly t o.A.present an assumption B.evaluate an argumentC.highlight an experiment D.introduce an approach33.What can we learn from this passage?A.Those who do not go on river lime will live an imbalanced life.B.New ways of measuring time

47、can help to control Earth systems.C.Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower.D.Modern technology may help to shape the rivers temporal frame.34.What can we infer from this passage?A.It is crucial to improve the definition of time.B.A fixed frame will make time meaningless.C.

48、We should live in harmony with nature.D.History is a mirror reflecting reality.第 二 节（共 5 小 题；每 小 题 2分，共 10分）根 据 短 文 内 容，从 短 文 后 的 七 个 选 项 中 选 出 能 填 入 空 白 处 的 最 佳 选 项，并 在 答 题 卡 上 将 该 项 涂 黑.选 项 中 有 两 项 为 多 余 选 项.Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people.35 The mental he

49、althbenefits from music cant be argued.Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind thescenes.36 However.for the same reason.music can be very beneficial if one is in pain.By distracting（分 心）the mind from the pain,music people say,can lower stress and anxiety levels.This,of

50、 course,can lead toless pain.Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior lo going to bed.37 While（he validity of the ideais still being assessed,the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure.Similarly,according to researchers,listening to just 3（）minutes of soft music every da