love-is-a-fallacy---part--3-(爱是谬误)课文分析-PPT.ppt

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1、love_is_a_fallacy-part_3_(爱是谬误)课文分析 Section II(Paras.4-59):the bargain between the law student and his roommate over the exchange of the girl.1.(para.4)introduction of the narrator:protagonist2.(paras.5-21)introduction of the first antagonist:Petey Burch.3.(paras.22-27)introduction of the second ant

2、agonist:Polly Espy.2 Section II(Paras.4-59):the bargain between the law student and his roommate over the exchange of the girl.4.(paras.28-40)sounding out(探询探询)the relationship between Petey and Polly.5.(paras.40-59)unethical(不道德的不道德的)transaction over Polly3 Section III(Paras.60-124):the teaching of

3、 8 logical fallacies1.(para.60-61)a survey,first date with the girl,first impression of the girl.He tries to find out how stupid she is.2.(paras.62-74)Dicto Simpliciter 3.(paras.75-79)Hasty Generalization4 Section III(Paras.60-124):the teaching of 8 logical fallacies4.(paras.28-40)sounding out(探询探询)

4、the relationship between Petey and Polly.5.(paras.40-59)unethical transaction overPolly7.(paras.99-104)Misericordiam8.(paras.105-108)False Analogy9.(paras.109-114)Hypothesis Contrary to Fact10.(paras.115-124)Poisoning the Well 5 Section IV(Paras.125-154):the ending of the story:backfiring of all the

5、 arguments(paras.125-152)The quarrel between the boy and the girl.(climax especially paras.147-150)(paras.153-154)Modulation (the falling action)6 Dobie Gillis（the narrator）Polly Espy(the girl)Declaration of love to PollyPetey BurchPromised to be his GFA raccoon coatThrow good money after Bad 赔了夫人又折

6、兵Refuted all his arguments as logical fallacies.7The whole story The writer is satirizing a smug,self-conceited freshman in a law school The very beginning the narrator begins with all the beautiful words he can think of to praise himself at every conceivable opportunity and takes every opportunity

7、to downgrade his roommate.8大家学习辛苦了，还是要坚持继续保持安静继续保持安静9As the story went on.-The narrator made a deal with his roommate.-First date with Polly,disappointed -Decided to teach her to think and to learn logic -After lessons,tried to changed relationship from academic to romantic10The climax -Polly refuse

8、s to go steady with the narrator because she has already promised to be Peteys girlfriend -The narrator had a raccoon coat-big men were wearing11The ending.-Ironic -The narrator has got what he deserved.He has been too clever for his own good.121.“Sounds yummy,”was Pollys reaction.(Para.110)yummy:(A

9、merican colloquialism)echoic of a sound made in expressing pleasure at a taste;very tasty;delectableSounds fine2.“Did you see the movie?Oh,it just knocked me out.That Walter Pidgeon is so dreamy.I mean he fractures me.”(Para.112)excellent,wonderful,delightfulto evoke a strong reaction in someone;to

10、cause to react with enthusiasmI was excited and filled with pleasure by the movie.That well-known actor Walter Pidgeon is so wonderful and he fascinates me.133.One more chance,I decided.But just one more.There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.(Para.115)Ellipsis and inversion.I decided tha

11、t I would give her one more chance.There is a limit to what any human being can bear.Implied meaning：if I failed this time,I would give up.145.I watched her closely as she knit her creamy brow in concentration.Suddenly,a glimmer of intelligencethe first I had seencame into her eyes.(Para.118)to draw

12、 the brows together(as when thinking hard)眉头紧锁，精力集中眉头紧锁，精力集中glimmer:n.a faint unsteady light or a small uncertain sign 微弱的闪光；微弱的闪光；微弱的征兆微弱的征兆a glimmer of intelligence 一线智慧一线智慧I watched her as she thought very hard.Suddenly,from her eyes I could see for the first time a small uncertain sign showing s

13、he was beginning to understand the problem.156.“Right!”I cried exultantly.“One hundred percent right.Its not fair.The first man has poisoned the well before anybody could drink from it.He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start.(Para.119)exultant:ad.(fml.or lit.)jubilant 兴高采烈的兴高采烈的hams

14、tring:v.to make(a person or group)ineffective or powerless;crippleHe has made his opponent powerless/disabled his opponent before he has the chance to defend himself.167.Heartened by the knowledge that Polly was not altogether a cretin,I began a long,patient review of all I had told her.Over and ove

15、r and over again I cited instances pointed out flaws,kept hammering away without let-up.(Para.123)v.(often passive)encourage 使振作，高兴；鼓励使振作，高兴；鼓励n.(taboo slang)an extremely stupid personto keep emphasizing or talking aboutlstopping;relaxingI was encouraged when I knew that Polly was not a hopeless idi

16、ot.So over and over again I gave examples and pointed out the mistakes in her thinking.I kept emphasizing all this without stopping.178.It was like digging a tunnel.At first everything was work,sweat,and darkness.I had no idea when I would reach the light,or even if I would.But I persisted.I pounded

17、 and clawed and scraped,and finally I was rewarded.I saw a chink of light.And then the chink got bigger and the sun came pouring in and all was bright.(Para.123)Simile,comparing his teaching to the hard work of digging a tunnel.v.scratch,clutch,as with claws(nails)抓；挠抓；挠v.scratch,cut the surface of

18、slightly 刮除At first it was very hard work(sweating and working in the dark)but finally he saw the light at the end of the tunnel and knew he had succeeded in digging this way through.After a lot of hard work he managed to make Polly think logically.When he went out at the other end of the tunnel he

19、found the sun shining brightly.Everything looked bright and happy.189.Five grueling nights this took,but it was worth it.I had made a logician out of Polly;(Para.124)I had turned Polly into a logician.10.She was worthy of me at last.She was a fit wife for me,a proper hostess for my many mansions,a s

20、uitable mother for my well-heeled children.(Para.124)She was worthy of me at last:This,once again,shows the narrators conceit.Polly was not good enough to be his wife at first.(American slang)rich,prosperousHere the narrator describes the role what he think his wife should play.Can you imagine the i

21、mage of his wife according this sentence?19Here the narrator describes the role,which he thinks,a wife should play.First she should be a proper hostess of a rich man who ownsmany mansions.In other words she should be good at entertaining his rich friends and clients and thus further his career.Secon

22、d,she should be a good mother and properly look after his rich and prosperous children.2011.It must not be thought that I was without love for this girl.Quite the contrary.Just as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he had fashioned,so I loved mine.(Para.125)It must not be thought that I was without l

23、ove for this girl:double negation.Quite the contrary,I loved this girl.Just as Pygmalion lovedso I loved mine:Analogy,comparing my love of Polly to Pygmalions love towards his sculpture work.It also indicates that I regard Polly as my possession;I take it for granted that she belongs to me.（Para 22）

24、He didnt have it exactly,but at least he had first rights on it.2112.“I beg your pardon,”said I.(Para.130)A polite formula of apology,disagreement,etc.Here the narrator uses this polite formula to express his surprise and disbelief.He did not know what to make of Pollys answer.A sense of embarrassme

25、nt 13.I chuckled with amusement.The dear child had learned her lessons well.“My dear,”I Said,patting her hand in a tolerant manner,“five dates is plenty.After all,you dont have to eat a whole cake to know its good.”(Para.132)This self-conceited and arrogant freshman adopts a very patronizing（傲慢的）（傲慢

26、的）attitude towards Polly.This dear little girl has learnt very well what I taught her.His patronizing not only in speech and tone but also in action.He patted her hand in such a way as to show that he was trying to put up with something he did not especially like.2314.“Polly,I love you.You are the w

27、hole world to me,and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space.Please,my darling,say that you will go steady with me,for if you will not,life will be meaningless.I will languish.I will refuse my meals.I will wander the face of the earth,a shambling,hollow-eyed hulk.”(Para.135)n.a

28、group of fixed stars often having a namev.to walk awkwardly,dragging the feetn.a heavy,awkward person 笨重的东西笨重的东西/人；庞然大物人；庞然大物波利，我爱你。你是我的整个世界，我的月亮，我的星星，波利，我爱你。你是我的整个世界，我的月亮，我的星星，我的宇宙。亲爱的，请说你要和我坚守在一起吧！不然，我的宇宙。亲爱的，请说你要和我坚守在一起吧！不然，我的生活将会失去意义；我将会萎靡不振，茶不思，饭不想；我的生活将会失去意义；我将会萎靡不振，茶不思，饭不想；我将成为到处游荡，步履蹒跚，无精打采的

29、躯壳。我将成为到处游荡，步履蹒跚，无精打采的躯壳。2415.There,I thought,folding my arms,that ought to do it.(Para.136)This direct declaration of love should move Polly to accept my love.16.I ground my teeth.I was not Pygmalion;I was Frankenstein,and my monster had me by the throat.(Para.138)I ground my teeth:an action,showin

30、g extreme exasperation,but still trying hard to control his rising temper.had sb.by the throat:attack by seizing and squeezing ones throatI was not Pygmalionby the throat:These two allusions are well chosen.He planned to be Pygmalion,to fashion an ideal wife for himself;but he became Frankenstein fo

31、r Polly(his student)ultimately rejected him(her teacher).2517.Frantically I fought back the tide of panic surging through me.At all costs I had to keep cool.(Para.138)Desperately I tried to stop the feeling of panic that was overwhelming me.I tried,by every means possible,to keep calm.18.I dashed pe

32、rspiration from my brow.“Polly,”I croaked,“you mustnt take all these things so literally.I mean this is just classroom stuff.You know that the things you learn in school dont have anything to do with life.”(Para.145)exasperationdesperationHe is making a last attempt to win Pollys love.“Polly,you mus

33、tnt take all the logical fallacies I taught you seriously as real facts.27Why does the narrator argue that“the things you learn in school dont have anything to do with life”?Do you agree?A final desperate attempt to make Polly forget the fallacies he taught her.He might yet be able to convince Polly

34、 that he loves her and that she should go steady with him.You know that the(foolish and worthless)things you learn in school have no real use in life.2819.That did it.I leaped to my feet,bellowing like a bull.“Will you or will you not go steady with me?”(Para.147)“That”refers to what has gone before

35、 and“it”refers to the result or consequence brought about by“that”.In the context,“that”refers to Pollys last answer and“it”to his loss of temper,“bellowing like a bull.”That was the final straw.That made me lose my patience.Simile,comparing his angry shouts to the bellowing of a bull.I got so angry

36、 that I jumped to my feet and shouted.2920.I reeled back,overcome with the infamy of it.(Para.151)I staggered back,overcome by the great wickedness of Peteys traitorous act.21.After he promised,after he made a deal,after he shook my hand!“The rat!I shrieked,kicking up great chunks of turf.“You cant

37、go with him,Polly.Hes a liar.Hes a cheat.Hes a rat.”(Para.151)shook my hand:The shaking of hands concludes or seals a bargain.It is the final act to show that the deal is made.After he made my hand:Ellipsis.He did his traitorous act after he promised.metaphor,comparing Petey to a rat.“Rat”(American

38、slang)is used for describing a sneaky,contemptible person who deserts or betrays a cause or a friend.The parallel sentences show the narrators rage over Peteys betrayal.3022.Look at mea brilliant student,a tremendous intellectual,a man with an assured future.Look at Peteya knot-head,a jitterbug,a gu

39、y wholl never know where his next meal is coming from.(Para.153)a safe and secure futurean incompetent or stupid person.referring to an emotionally unstable personAntithesis.“Brilliant,intellectual and assured”are balanced against“knot-headed,jitterbug and never know where his next meal is coming fr

40、om”.31“Can you give me one logical reason why you should go steady with Petey Burch?”“I certainly can,”declared Polly.“Hes got a raccoon coat.”It shows that the boys assumption of what his teaching might be leading to his success in his love affair is wrong.The denouement（结局）（结局）follows rapidly and

41、ends on a very ironic tone.The raccoon coat which he gave to Petey Burch for the privilege of dating his girl,the raccoon coat which the narrator disliked and abhorred,was the instrument of his undoing.Polly Espy promised to go steady with Petey Burch because he owned a raccoon coat,a coat that all

42、fashionable people on campus were wearing.To the end of the story,we readers feel the narrator has got what he deserved.He has been too clever for his own good.32Style Appreciation About the Style of the TextMax Shulman has a style quite his own.The story goes forward at a very fast pace with a racy

43、(有趣的；生动的有趣的；生动的)dialogue full of American colloquialism and slangs.He employs a whole variety of writing techniques to make his story vivid,dramatic and colorful.The lexical spectrum is wide from the ultra(过过激的激的)learned terms used by the conceited narrator to the clipped vulgar forms of Polly Espy3

44、3Style Appreciation About the Style of the Text He uses figurative language profusely and also grammatical inversion for special emphasis.The speed of the narration is maintained by the use of short sentences,elliptical sentences and dashes throughout the story.This mix adds to the realism of the st

45、ory.One would expect a freshman to talk like this.34 The Chief Attraction of the TextThe humorThe whole story is a piece of light,humorous satire,satirizing a smug,self-conceited freshman in a law school.1.the titleThe title is humorous.The writer wants the readers to conclude that“love”is an error,

46、a deception and an emotion that does not follow the principles of logic.2.the authors note“spongy”,“limp”,“flaccid”are specific characteristics of his essay.He is joking,which indicates that the whole story is humorous.35 The Chief Attraction of theTextThe humor 3.the contrast the law student&the gi

47、rl&Peteyboasting himself V.S.downgrading the others4.the ending of the storythe raccoon coat which the law student despises（轻视）and give it to his roommate for the exchange of his girl friend has finally become the rootcause of his losing his girl friend.5.the clever choice of the namesPettey:pityEsp

48、y:I spy36 1.American colloquialism2.Informal style short sentences elliptical sentences dashes 3.rhetorical devices:simile,metaphor,analogy4.sharp contrast in the languageThe law student uses ultra learned termsstandard English100%correct Poly uses clipped vulgar forms,slang wordsgee,magnif,terrif,p

49、shaw,5.inverted sentencesLanguage Features37O HenryExceeding ones expectations,and are in reason The similarity of writing style between O Henry and Max Shulman based on this text.3839The main theme of the story,however,is stated by the writer in the title of the story:“Love is a fallacy”conclusion2

50、.whats your understanding to love?Having learned this text,1.Do you think the narrator really love Polly?The Nightingale and the Rose:the boy 403.3.一花一世界，一沙一天国。君掌盛无边，刹那含永劫一花一世界，一沙一天国。君掌盛无边，刹那含永劫To see a world in a grain of sand,and a heaven in a wild flower hold infinity in the palm of your hand and