北京市海淀区2022届高三上学期期中考试英语含答案.pdf

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1、海 淀 区 2021-2022学 年 高 三 第 一 学 期 期 中 练 习 英 语 试 卷 本 试 卷 共 10页，共 100分。考 试 时 长 9 0分 钟。考 生 务 必 将 答 案 答 在 答 题 纸 上，在 试 卷 上 作 答 无 效。考 试 结 束 后，将 本 试 卷 和 答 题 纸 一 并 交 回。第 一 部 分：知 识 运 用（共 两 节，3 0分）第 一 节 完 形 填 空（共 1 0小 题；每 小 题 1.5分，共 15分）阅 读 下 面 短 文，掌 握 其 大 意，从 每 题 所 给 的 A、B、C、D 四 个 选 项 中，选 出 最 佳 选 项，并 在 答 题 纸 上

2、将 该 项 涂 黑。Rob made ends meet for his family as a handyman,doing odd jobs around the area.But those oddjobs quickly dried up due to a financial crisis.Then he lost his apartment.This his family intorenting a motel room.We have to pay rent every day,and Im miming 2 on money J Rob said.So,the 3 handyma

3、n tookto the streets with a sign that read:Handyman,25 years exp.,Need work.Rob wasnt asking formoney or looking for a handout but rather for an opportunity to earn his 4.Rob stood on the side of the highway holding his sign for a week.The temperatures werescorching（灼 热 的）but he 5 the hot sun each d

4、ay in the hopes of finding work.Someone took aphoto of him and 6 it on social media!Kyle,the owner of Greenstar Home Remodeling,saw Robsphoto online.And he decided to offer the handyman a chance to help him get back on his feet.Kyle brought Rob on to help with some demolition（拆 除 的）work.Rob didnJt e

5、ven ask howmuch the job paid.He just showed up.1 7 out as a painter,and then I became alandscaper-roofing whatever I could make money a t/the handyman explained.Rob 8 intends to put his all into working for Kyle for as long as Kyle has jobs for him.And afterseeing Robs dedication and V9,Kyle is will

6、ing to do all he can to help the man build a brighter future.Sometimes all someone needs is to be given K）.1.A.fooled B.forced G.frightened D.persuaded2.A.deep B.free C.hard D.short3.A.careless B.homeless C.unwilling D.unemployedT4.A.fame B.time C.living D.place5.A.braved B.escaped C.expected D.enjo

7、yed6.A.leaked B.checked C.shared D.clicked7 A.reached B.started C.dropped D.hung8.A.fully B.hardly C possibly D.casually9.A.drive B.honesty C.creativity D.interest10.A.lesson B.choice C.challenge D.chance第 二 节 语 法 填 空(共 10小 题；每 小 题 1.5分，共 15分)阅 读 下 列 短 文，根 据 短 文 内 容 填 空。在 未 给 提 示 词 的 空 白 处 仅 填 写 1 个

8、 适 当 的 单 词，在 给 出 提 示 词 的 空 白 处 用 括 号 内 所 给 词 的 正 确 形 式 填 空。，AFour years ago,Danielle Crull rescued a stray cat from a forest in Pennsylvania.Now,the cat,Truffles,is changing hundreds of lives by helping children i_ have eye problems feel more relaxedabout wearing glasses.Truffles,famous for her char

9、ming glasses,works alongside her mom”,anoptician(眼 和 I医 生).When kids come in,they are often terrified o anything 12(come)near theireyes.Thats when Truffles comes to the rescue.With little ones crying,Truffles comes out 13 I putglasses on her.They immediately stop crying and put their own glasses on,

10、Cmll said.Truffles isliterally magical with little kids.The Palace of Westminster is the meeting place of the two Houses of the Parliament of the UK.It14(lie)on the north bank of the River Thames in the heart of London,close to the historicWestminster Abbey and the government buildings of Whitehall

11、and Downing Street.The name mayrefer to either of the two structures:the Old Palace,a medieval building complex,most of which 15(destroy)in 1834,and its replacement New Palace that stands today.The palace retains its originalstyle and status as a royal residence for various ceremonial 16(purpose).CW

12、hy is it so important to discuss and find solutions j/7 food loss and waste?First,at consumerlevel,almost one-third of the total food _8(produce)globally is lost or wasted every year.Second,theimpact of such loss is frightening.Food loss and waste are responsible fbr about six to eight percent ofall

13、 greenhouse gas emissions.Furthermore,reducing food loss and waste is not just an environmental2concern it is also a moral imperative（必 要）.Food loss and waste have a significant footprint on1 9（nature）resources.Thus it is critical 20（achieve）sustainable food systems.第 二 部 分：阅 读 理 解（共 两 节，3 8分）.1,.：）

14、1 y：I,第 一 节（共 1 4小 题；每 小 题 2 分，共 2 8分）阅 读 下 列 短 文，从 每 题 所 给 的 A、B、C、D 四 个 选 项 中，选 出 最 佳 选 项，并 在 答 题 纸 上 将 该 项 涂 黑。AFrom snapping photos in video mode to broadcasting your location in the event o f an emergency,there are endless functions your smartphone can perform.Backup Your ZapperIf you spend as

15、many hours looking down the back of the sofa as I do,youH be relieved to leamthat most smart TV systems can use your phone as a back-up remote control.Download the AndroidTV Remote Control or Apple TV Remote apps for the devices if you have a streaming stick.Subtitle Your LifeLive Transcribe is a si

16、mple and effective Android app,preinstalled on Googles Pixel 3 phones,which transcribes speech in almost real time.If you5re hard of hearing,it can help you follow aconversation without need for a hearing aid,or enjoy unsubtitled live broadcasts,such as radiodramas.Theoretically,it could also produc

17、e a reliable written record of a meeting.However,due toprivacy concerns,it has not yet been permitted to save or share transcripts.Singalong Your ContactsConnectivity is not always convenient.If you frequently find yourself rushing from the garden orbathroom to pick up your mobile,only to discover i

18、ts just another cyborg bothering you about sellinginsurance may I suggest you set specific rings for your closest contacts.On both iOS and Android,you can add personalized rings to your close friends or most beloved ones,right from the contactsdirectory on your phone.Measure Your ShoppingWhen youre

19、out shopping for furniture,its a good idea to bring a tape measure with you but,seriously,whoever remembers to do that?!Apples Measure app has saved you a lot of times.It ssuper simple to use-just point the camera at the object you want to measure and it superimposes（叠 3映）a yellow dot that you tap a

20、t each end of the item concerned,and it provides you with an instantcalculation in centimeters.21.Which one can help people with hearing problems to enjoy radio dramas?A.Android TV Remote Control.B.Live Transcribe.C.Personalized rings.D.AppleJs Measure.22.After reading this passage,mobile phone user

21、s may realize they can-A.choose to ignore unwanted callsB.save a written record of a meetingC.locate their remote control easilyD.get the size of an object by taking a photo23.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A.What Apps We Have to Buy!B.Its Time to Get a New Mobile!C.D

22、on t Overuse Your Mobile Phone!D.Who Knew My Phone Could Do That!BA 96-year-old woman,believed to be the oldest working nurse in the country,has retired from aTacoma,Washington,hospital.-Last week,Florence Rigney,better known to her friends as nSeeSee,retired as a nurse atMultiCare Tacoma General Ho

23、spital after over 70 years.Throughout her career一 which began as astudent nurse,Rigney worked consistently,only taking a break1 from nursing to raise her twochildren.Working as a nurse has kept Rigney very active.Shes traveled across the country as anoperating nurse and even logged up to three miles

24、 on her treadmill from walking during her shifts.nIdon*t like to sit around-Fve always got to have something to do.Thats my nature/1 Rigney said in astatement,adding that she always wanted to become a nurse.nI love to interact with patients and givethem the help that I can.”Rigney planned on retirin

25、g once at age 65,but after six months,she decided that she needed thejob to stay active and keep her mind sharp.Now as she officially retired,the hospital noted thatRigney planned on spending most of her time enjoying family and friends.nEven working into hernineties,she has never been one to slow d

26、own.Some of her colleagues joked that they had to sprint to4keep up with her,“said Laureen Driscoll,president of the hospitals.SeeSees continued to be adedicated nurse and an incredible resource to her colleagues and community.Its humbling to stopand think about the thousands and thousands of lives

27、shes cared for.Everyone at MultiCare thanksRigney for her unmatched dedication and service,and wefre proud to honor her by supportingtomorrows future nurses,1 she continued.As she said goodbye to her beloved job,Rigney offered some advice for other nurses.nDon*t everthink that you know it a ll/she n

28、oted in the release.nI kind of did that when I was in the operatingroom and you have to always be open.You never stop learning?1In her honor,the hospital announced the creation of its SeeSee Rigney Nursing EndowedScholarship Fund,which will provide scholarships fbr MultiCare employees for continued

29、learningand development in nursing.24.Rigney continued working at age 65 because s h e.A.needed to support her familyB.wanted to stay energetic and sharpC.hoped to show her personal valueD.intended to promote nurse training25.What was Rigneys suggestion for younger nurses?A.Remain confident.B.Care f

30、or each other.C.Keep active and patient.D.Stay hungry fbr knowledge.26.According to the passage,Rigney is respected mainly due to her_.A.old age and good healthB.quick mind and great creativityC.positive attitude and hard workD.high position and good resourceCDo you listen to quiet music to help you

31、 wind down before sleep?However,this practice could becounter-productive,according to a new study by Michael K.Scullin and colleagues at BaylorUniversity.The work,published in Psychological Medicine,found that bedtime music was associatedwith more sleep disruptions and that instrumental music is eve

32、n worse than music with lyrics.In the first study,199 online participants living in the US reported on their sleep quality andmusic listening frequency and timing,as well as their beliefs about how this affected their sleep.5Almost all一 87%一 believed that music improves sleep,or at least does not di

33、srupt it.However,theteam found that more overall time spent listening to music was associated with poorer sleep anddaytime sleepiness.Just over three quarters of the participants also reported experiencing frequent“earworms一 having a song or tune“stuck”and replaying in their minds.A quarter reported

34、experiencing these during the night at least once per week,and these people were six times as likely toreport poor sleep quality.The teams analysis suggested that listening specifically to instrumentalmusic near bedtime was linked to more sleep-related earworms and poorer sleep quality.The team then

35、 ran an experimental study on 48 young adults.After amving at the sleep lab at8:45 p.m.,participants went to a quiet bedroom,where they completed questionnaires that includedmeasures of stress,sleep quality and daytime sleepiness.They also had electrodes applied,ready forthe night-time polysomnograp

36、hy to record their brain wave activity,as well as heart rate andbreathing,and reported on how relaxed,nervous,energetic,sleepy and stressed they felt.At 10:00p.m.,they were given some downtime,with quiet music playing.Half were randomised to hearthree songs while the other half heard instrumental-on

37、ly versions of these same songs.Participants reported decreases in stress and nervousness and increased relaxation after listeningto either set of songs,and also showed decreases in blood pressure.So as earlier studies have alsosuggested一 quiet music at bedtime was indeed relaxing at the time.Howeve

38、r,a quarter of theparticipants woke from sleep with an earworm,and the polysomnography data showed thatinstrumental versions of the songs were more likely to induce these awakenings as well as other sleepdisruptions,such as shifts from deeper sleep to lighter sleep.Taken together,the findings repres

39、entcausal evidence for bedtime instrumental music affecting sleep quality via triggering ear worms,n theteam writes.Why instrumental-only songs should have a bigger impact than music with lyrics isn*t clear.Thethree songs used in this study were chosen because they were likely to be familiar.Hearing

40、 themwithout the lyrics might have prompted the participants brains to try to add the words,which mighthave made earworms more likely.If this is the case,all instrumental music may not have the sameeffect However,the data from the first study is consistent with the idea that instrumental musicgenera

41、lly is more o a problem.27.According to the passage,the participants in both studies _.A.were required to listen to light musicB.felt their sleeping problems resolved5C.had their sleeping quality monitoredD.provided feedback on bedtime music28.What does the underlined word induce,in Paragraph 4 prob

42、ably mean?A.Lead to.B.Impact on.C.Break in.D.Focus on.29.What can we learn from the passage?A.Earworms are mainly caused by music with lyrics.B.Bedtime music leads to high blood pressure and anxiety.C.Quiet music improves sleeping quality while loud music harms sleep.D.Both familiar and unfamiliar i

43、nstrumental music can cause sleeping problems.30.The passage is mainly a b o u t.A.how instrumental music disturbs sleepB the possible negative effect of bedtime musicC.how people can improve their sleep qualityD differences between music with and without lyricsI was at the Gathering for Science in

44、Boston,on 22 April 2017,as were 70,000 other scientists.We were there to stand up for facts and truth.Where are the crowds of scientists now?.Since then,harms from science denial have onlyincreased:global suffering has grown owing to inaction on climate change,and some epidemics haverisen along with

45、 vaccine skepticism.I.Fve been out there talking to the science deniers,and Ive asked my scientist friends to come withme.Those people just aren*t worth talking to,they,11 say.I wouldnt make a difference anyway.Thats wrong.Those people can and do change their minds,although it requires someone to pu

46、t in thetime to overcome distrust.To be sure,many experts have launched themselves against misinformation,enduring abuse onsocial media and even threats to their safety.But when scientists turn down my invitations,it*s notbecause of fear.Most often,their excuses are grounded in the backfire effecta

47、questionable 2010finding that people sometimes embrace misconceptions more strongly when faced with correctiveinformation,implying that pushing back against falsehoods is counter-productive.Even theresearchers whose results were exaggerated to popularize this idea do not embrace it anymore,andargue

48、that the true challenge is learning how best to target corrective information.7In fact,evidence is growing that rebuttals can be effective.Science deniers all draw on the sameflawed reasoning techniques:cherry-picking evidence,relying on fake experts,and engaging inillogical reasoning.A landmark 201

49、9 study showed that critiquing the flawed techniques can containthe spread of misinformation.So how does*technique rebuttal work in practice?Arnaud Gagneur and his colleagues at the University of Sherbrooke conducted more than 1,00020-minute interviews in which they listened to new parentsconcems ab

50、out vaccinations andanswered their questions.Those parentshildren were 9%more likely to receive all the vaccines onthe schedule than were those of uninterviewed parents whose babies were delivered in the samematernity ward.One mother told him:”Its the first time that Ive had a discussion like this,a