2018年北京市高考英语试卷.pdf

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1、2018 年北京市高考英语试卷 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）第一节 单项填空（共 15 小题；每小题1 分，共 15 分）从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑例：It's so nice to hear from her again._，we last met more than thirty years ago A what's moreBThat's to sayCIn other wordsDBelieve it or not答案是 D 1（1.00 分）Hi，Im Peter Are you ne

2、w here？I havent seen you around？Hello，Peter Im Bob I just_on Monday（）Astart Bhave started Cstarted Dhad started 2（1.00 分）_we dont stop climate change，many animals and plants in the world will be gone（）AAlthough BWhile CIf DUntil 3（1.00 分）_along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding exper

3、ience （）ATravel BTraveling CHaving traveled DTraveled 4（1.00 分）Susan had quit her wellpaid job and _as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year（）Ais working Bwas working Chas worked D had worked 5（1.00 分）She and her family bicycle to work，helps them keep fit（）Awhich Bwho Cas Dtha

4、t 6（1.00 分）During the MidAutumn Festival，family members often gather together_a meal，admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes（）Ashare Bto share Chaving shared Dshared 7（1.00 分）Chinas high speed railways from 9，000 to 25，000 kilometers in the past few years（）Aare growing Bhave grown C will grow Dhad grow

5、n 8（1.00 分）In any unsafe situation，simply_the button and a highlytrained agent will get you the help you need（）Apress Bto press Cpressing Dpressed 9（1.00 分）A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who_in the mountains for two days（）Aare trapping Bhave been trapped Cwere trapping Dhad been

6、 trapped 10（1.00 分）Ordinary soap，_correctly，can deal with bacteria effectively（）Aused Bto use Cusing Duse 11（1.00 分）Without his support，we wouldnt be_we are now（）Ahow Bwhen Cwhere Dwhy 12（1.00 分）In todays information age，the loss of data_cause serious problems for a company（）Aneed Bshould Ccan D mus

7、t 13（1.00 分）They might have found a better hotel if they_a few more kilometers（）Adrove Bwould drive Cwere to drive Dhad driven 14（1.00 分）Good morning，MrLees office Good morning Id like to make an appointment_next Wednesday afternoon（）Afor B on Cin Dat 15（1.00分）This is_my father has taught meto alway

8、s face difficulties and hope for the best（）Ahow Bwhich Cthat Dwhat 第二节 完形填空（每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑 16（30.00 分）The Homeless Hero For many，finding an unattended wallet filled with 400 in cash would be a source（来源）of temptation（诱惑）But the （1）would no doubt

9、be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith（2）more remarkable After spotting a （3）on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down，he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the （4）to return

10、 After hours in the cold and wet，he （5）inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact（联系）the driver，only to（6）it contained 400 in notes，with another 50 in spare change beside it He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after （7）a note behind to let the owner kn

11、ow it was safe When the cars owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car which was itself worth 35，000in Glasgow city centre，they were（8）to find two policemen standing next to it The policemen told them what MrSmith did and that the wallet was（9）The pair were later able

12、to thank MrSmith for his （10）MrAnderson said：I couldnt believe that the guy never took a pennyTo think he is sleeping on the streets tonight （11）he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in This guy has nothing and （12）he didnt take the wallet for himself；he thought about others（13

13、）Its unbelievable It just proves there are （14）guys out there Mr Smiths act（15）much of the publics attention He also won praise from social media users after Mr Anderson （16）about the act of kindness on Facebook Now Mr Anderson has set up an online campaign to （17）money for MrSmith and other homeles

14、s people in the area，which by yesterday had received 8，000 I think the faith that everyone has shown （18）him has touched him People have been approaching him in the street；hes had job （19）and all sorts，MrAnderson commented For Mr Smith，this is a possible life changing （20）The story once again tells

15、us that one good turn deserves another （1）A hope B aim C urge D effort（2）A still B even C ever D once（3）A wallet B bag C box D parcel（4）A partner B colleague C owner D policeman（5）A turned B hid C stepped D reached（6）A discover B collect C check D believe（7）A taking B leaving C reading D writing（8）A

16、 satisfied B excited C amused D shocked（9）A safe B missing C found D seen（10）A service B support C kindness D encouragement（11）A when B if C where D because（12）A rather B yet C already D just（13）A too B though C again D instead（14）A honest B polite C rich D generous（15）A gave B paid C cast D drew（16

17、）A learned B posted C cared D heard（17）A borrow B raise C save D earn（18）A of B at C for D in（19）A details B changes C offers D applications（20）A lesson B adventure C chance D challenge 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）第一节（共 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑 17（8.00 分）A My First Marathon（马拉松）A mo

18、nth before my first marathon，one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks，leaving me only two weeks to train Yet，I was determined to go ahead I remember back to my 7th year in school In my first PE class，the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball I didnt do

19、either well He later informed me that I was not athletic The idea that I was not athletic stuck with me for years When I started running in my 30s，I realized running was a battle against myself，not about competition or whether or not I was athletic It was all about the battle against my own body and

20、 mind A test of wills!The night before my marathon，I dreamt that I couldnt even find the finish line I woke up sweating and nervous，but ready to prove something to myself Shortly after crossing the start line，my shoe laces（鞋带）became untied So I stopped to readjust Not the start I wanted！At mile 3，I

21、passed a sign：GO FOR IT，RUNNERS!By mile 17，I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly Despite the pain，I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again By mile 21，I was starving！As I approached mile 23，I could see my wife waving a sign She is my biggest fan She never minded

22、 the alarm clock sounding at 4 am or questioned my expenses on running I was one of the final runners to finish But I finished!And I got a medal In fact，I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had Determined to be myself，move forward，free of shame and worldly labels（世俗标签

23、），I can now call myself a marathon winner （1）A month before the marathon，the author A was well trained B felt scared C made up his mind to run D lost hope（2）Why did the author mention the PE class in his 7th year？A To acknowledge the support of his teacher B To amuse the readers with a funny story C

24、 To show he was not talented in sports D To share a precious memory（3）How was the authors first marathon？A He made it B He quit halfway C He got the first prize D He walked to the end（4）What does the story mainly tell us？A A man owes his success to his family support B A winner is one with a great e

25、ffort of will C Failure is the mother of success D One is never too old to learn 18（6.00 分）B Find Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation（航空）Center If youre looking for a unique adventure，the Space and Aviation Center（SAC）is the place to be The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspi

26、re with handson tasks and lots of fun More than 750，000 have graduated from SAC，with many seeking employment in engineering，aviation，education，medicine and a wide variety of other professions They come to camp，wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot，and they leave with realworl

27、d applications for what theyre studying in the classroom For the trainees，the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges（荣誉徽章）At Space Camp，trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets，learn about space tasks and try simulated（模拟）flying to space with

28、 the crew from all over the world The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit（驾驶舱）of a variety of flight simulators Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival

29、 badge as they learn about waterand landsurvival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of a downed pilot With all the programs，teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18 Families can enjoy the

30、 experience together，too，with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7 Stay an hour or stay a weekthere is something here for everyone!For more details，please visit us online at wwwoursac com （1）Why do people come to SAC？A To experience adventures B To look for jobs in aviation

31、C To get a degree in engineering D To learn more about medicine（2）To earn a Space Exploration badge，a trainee needs to A fly to space B get an Aviation badge first C study the principles of flight D build and fire model rockets（3）What is the most important for trainees？A Leadership B Team spirit C T

32、ask planning D Survival skills 19（8.00 分）C PlasticEating Worms Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year Almost half of that winds up in landfills（垃圾填埋场），and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans So far there is no effective way to get rid of it，but a new study suggests an a

33、nswer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene，which accounts for 40%of plastics The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours，and the worms con

34、sumed and broke down about 92 milligrams，or almost 3%of it To confirm that the worms chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown，the researchers made some worms into paste（糊状物）and applied it to plastic films 14 hours later the films had lost 13%of their massapparently broken dow

35、n by enzymes（酶）from the worms stomachs Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017 Federica Bertocchini，co author of the study，says the worms ability to break down their everyday foodbeeswax also allows them to break down plastic Wax is a complex mixture，but the basic bond in polyethyle

36、ne，the carbon carbon bond，is there as well，she explains The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond Jennifer DeBruyn，a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee，who was not involved in the study，says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene But compared wit

37、h previous studies，she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting The next step，DeBruyn says，will be to identify the cause of the breakdown Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes（肠道微生物）？Bertocchini agrees and hopes her teams findings might one day help employ t

38、he enzyme to break down plastics in landfills But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process not simply millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic （1）What can we learn about the worms in the study？A They take plastics as their everyday food B They are newly evolved creatur

39、es C They can consume plastics D They wind up in landfills（2）According to Jennifer DeBruyn，the next step of the study is to A identify other means of the breakdown B find out the source of the enzyme C confirm the research findings D increase the breakdown speed（3）It can be inferred from the last pa

40、ragraph that the chemical might A help to raise worms B help make plastic bags C be used to clean the oceans D be produced in factories in future（4）What is the main purpose of the passage？A To explain a study method on worms B To introduce the diet of a special worm C To present a way to break down

41、plastics D To propose new means to keep ecobalance 20（8.00 分）D Preparing Cities for Robot Cars The possibility of selfdriving robot cars has often seemed like a futurists dream，years away from materializing in the real world Well，the future is apparently now The California Department of Motor Vehicl

42、es began giving permits in April for companies to test truly selfdriving cars on public roads The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out selfdriving cars，and for companies to operate driverless taxi services California，it should be noted，isnt leading the way here Companies have

43、 been testing their vehicles in cities across the country Its hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads But however long it takes，the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities，for better or for worse，depending on how the transformatio

44、n is regulated While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars（and rightfully so），policymakers also should be talking about how selfdriving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams，cut emissions（排放）and offer more convenient，affordable mobility options The arrival of dr

45、iverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared Do we want to copy or even worsen the traffic of today with driverless cars？Imagine a future where most adults own individual selfdriving vehicles They tolerate long，slow journeys to and from

46、work on packed highways because they can work，entertain themselves or sleep on the ride，which encourages urban spread They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or th

47、e dry cleaning，they send the selfdriving minibus The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transportan unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride hailing（叫车）services A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrolpowered private cars

48、worldwide with electric，self driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80%and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure （基础设施）and operations 40%by 2050 Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing The first commercially available driverless cars wi

49、ll almost certainly be fielded by ride hailing services，considering the cost of self driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues（责任与维护问题）But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology Policymakers should start

50、thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesnt extend the worst aspects of the car controlled transportation system we have today The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more peo