初中英语语法学习之主谓一致难点考点分析.docx

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1、初中英语语法学习之主谓一致难点考点分析英语主谓一致的三个原则形式一致的原则一般说来，当作主语的名词或代词是第三人称单数时，谓语动词就用单数形式；当作主语的名词或代词是复数时，谓语动词就复数形式：如：(1) He likes skating in winter. 他喜欢冬天滑冰。(2) Alice reads much. 艾利斯看了很多书。(3) They dont live here. 他们不住这里。意义一致的原则英语中，有些名词或代词形式上是单数，而意义上可能是复数，这时，谓语动词的形式就须依据名词或代词的意义决定。如：(1) People there were very glad to s

2、ee our team win the match. 在那里的人们看到我们队赢了比赛时都非常高兴。(2) His family were watching TV when I got to his home. 我到他家时，他家的人在看电视。(3) Our class are working hard to make ours a good class. 我们班的同学都在努力工作以便是我们班成为优秀班。邻近一致的原则英语中，有时几个名词或代词有某些此连接起来一起作句子的主语，此时，谓语动词的形式就须有与之最接近的名词或代词的人称和数决定。如：(1) There is a desk and fiv

3、e chairs in his room. 他房间里有一张办公桌和五把椅子。(2) There are five chairs and a desk in his room. 他房间里有五把椅子和一张办公桌。(3) Either you or Li Lei is going to be sent there. 要么是你要么是李蕾将被派到那里去。(4) Are either you or Li Lei going to be sent there. 是你将被派到那里去还是李蕾将被派到那里去？几个容易弄错的主谓一致问题1.“many a +名词”和“more than one +名词”作主语谓语动

4、词的数通常用单数(即遵循语法一致的原则)：Many a child was playing there. 很多小孩在那儿玩。More than one student has failed the exam. 不止一个学生考试未及格。2. each 用于复数名词后作同位语此时谓语动词用复数：They each have an English-Chinese dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英汉词典。The young people each carry a big bag. 这些年轻人个个背着一个大袋子。3. 主语后接in addition to, with, along with,

5、together with, except, but等介词其后的动词形式取决介词前主语：Nothing but trees was to be seen. 除了树木之外什么也看不见。No one except my parents knows anything about this. 除我父母外没人知道此事。Jim, together with his classmates, has seen the film. 吉姆和他的同学都看过这部电影。4. means作主语名词means(方法)单数与复数同形，用作主语时，其谓语的单复数要视具体含义而定(尤其注意其前的修饰语)：These means

6、are very good. 这些方法很好。Such a means is really unpleasant. 这样的方法确实是令人不愉快。若没有特定的修饰语或语境，则用单数或复数谓语均可：There is are no good means. 没有好的方法。Are Is there any other means of doing it? 做这事还有其他的什么办法吗?many a与more than one作主语时谓语的数many a的意思是“许多”，more than one的意思是“不止一个”，从意义上，它们表示复数，但用作主语时，谓语却习惯上用单数。如： many aMany a f

7、ine man has died in that battle. 许多优秀的士兵死于那次战役。Many a ship has been wrecked on those rocks. 许多船只毁于那些礁石之上。Many a young man has tried and failed. 很多年轻人都试过，而且失败了。Many a successful store has paid its rent cheerfully. 许多成功的店铺都非常乐意地付了房租。 more than oneMore than one man has been dismissed. 不止一人被解雇了。More tha

8、n one person is involved in this. 与此事有牵连的人不止一个。If things dont get better, more than one person is going to have to find a new job. 如果情况没有好转，需要另谋新工作的就不是个别人了。比较：Many a boy likes swimming.=Many boys like swimming. 许多男孩子喜欢游泳。More than one student has read the book.=More students than one have read the b

9、ook. 不止一个学生读过这书。单形名词与动词的一致单形名词用作主语时，一般须用单形名词。但用作主语的单形名词有时也可以用复形动词，因为它们在意念上是一致的。1）单形集体名词具有复念时，即指其个别成员时，应用复形东西。如：（1）The family are early risers.这家的人都起得早。（2）The committee meet today.委员会今天开会。（3）The enemy were encamped on the hill-side.敌人扎营在山坡上。（4）Tunisia are still without a win.突尼斯球队尚未赢一场。（Tunisia 指其球队，

10、故有复念）一些无单形的集体名词（即群体名词），如police, militia, personnel, clergy, cattle等，用作主语时，自然也需用复形动词，如：（5）The police have caught the murderer.警方已捕获杀人犯。（6）In that village the Wiltshire militia were quartered.威尔特郡民兵驻扎在那个村子里。（7）Our personnel are very highly trained.我们的人员素质很高。有些单形集体名词用单形动词或复形动词均可，区别不大，如：（8）The schools t

11、eaching staff are (is) excellent.这个学校的教师阵容非常之强。（9）The public are (is) requested not to litter in the park.请公众不要在公园里乱扔弃物。（10）The teaching profession claim(s) to be badly paid.教师们声言工资低微。【注】单形集体名词之后用什么动词形式，往往因人而异。英国和美国的习惯也不完全一样。英国较多用复形动词，如The government are determined to resist aggression（政府决心抵抗侵略），美国英

12、语则多用单形动词。但不管用什么动词，在文章中必须前后一致，不可在同一单形集体名词之后，时而用单形动词，时而用复形动词。2）但more than one+单形名词结构虽有复念，习惯上却多后接单形动词，如：（11）More than one question was askes.提出的问题不止一个。（12）More than one person is involved in this.与此事有牵连的人不止一个。但是，more+复形名词+than one结构之后一般却多用复形动词，如：（13）More members than one have protested against the prop

13、osal.反对这项提议的会员不止一个。请注意下面一些句子中名词与动词一致的情况：（14）A day or two is enough.一两天就够了。（15）A servant or two or three was to accompany them.将有一个或两个或三个仆人去陪他们。（16）Only a word or two is (are) needed.只需说一两句话。（17）A year and a half has passed.一年半过去了。one or two+复形名词结构自然应用复形动词，如：（18）One or two reasons were suggested.提出了一

14、两条理由。many a+单形名词结构须后接单形动词。这种结构比较文气，多用在正式文体中。如：（19）Many a fine man has died in that battle.许多优秀的士兵死于那次战役。（20）Theres many a slip between the cup and the lip.事情往往会功亏一篑。注意下面句子中，含有不定冠词a和复形名词的主语须用复形动词，如：（21）A great many people were present at the meeting.许多人出席了那次会议。（22）An additional four trains are now op

15、erating between Guangzhou and Shenzhen,increasing the total to 18.在广州与深圳之间现又增开了4列火车，使列车总数增到18列。3）在“两个形容词+一个单形名词”结构中，单形名词如有复念，则应用复形动词。如：（23）Good and bad butter are things quite different to our taste.好黄油与坏黄油是两种味道完全不同的东西。（24）The red and the white rose are both beautiful.红玫瑰和白玫瑰都很美。（25）English and French grammer are not very difficult to learn.英语语法和法语语法部很难学。（26）The short-term and (the) long-term loan are handled very differently by the bank.银行掌握短期贷款和长期贷款的方法是很不同的。学科网（北京）股份有限公司