高考英语重点突破专题复习课件.ppt

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1、语法特殊句式语法特殊句式考点分类突破考点分类突破GrammarGrammar倒装句倒装句1 1(2010(2010重重庆庆)At the meeting place of the Yangtze River)At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River _and the Jialing River _，one of the ten largest one of the ten largest cities in China.cities in China.n nA.lies Chongqing A.lies Ch

2、ongqing B.Chongqing liesB.Chongqing liesn nC.does lie Chongqing C.does lie Chongqing D.does Chongqing lieD.does Chongqing lien n答案与解析：答案与解析：A An n表示方位的介表示方位的介词词短短语语At the meeting place of the Yangtze At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing RiverRiver and the Jialing River位于句首，故此位于句

3、首，故此处应该处应该用全部用全部倒装。倒装。n n2 2(2010(2010江西江西)Not until he left his home)Not until he left his home _ to know how important the family was _ to know how important the family was for him.for him.n nA.did he begin A.did he begin B.had he begunB.had he begunn nC.he began C.he began D.he had begunD.he had

4、begunn n答案与解析：答案与解析：A A句意：直到离开家，他才开始意句意：直到离开家，他才开始意识到这个家对他来说是何等的重要。识到这个家对他来说是何等的重要。not untilnot until引导引导的从句置于句首时，主句需用部分倒装。主从句的从句置于句首时，主句需用部分倒装。主从句的动作基本同时发生，故用一般过去时。的动作基本同时发生，故用一般过去时。n n3(2010四川)We laugh at jokes,but seldom _ about how they work.n nA.we think B.think wen nC.we do think D.do we think

5、n n答案与解析：Dseldom置于句首时，句子要采用部分倒装。句意：我们听到笑话会开怀大笑，但我们很少思考它是怎样让人笑的。归纳总结归纳总结倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装1.1.以以there,here,now,then,suchthere,here,now,then,such引导的引导的,引起人们引起人们 注意的招呼句注意的招呼句,要全部倒装。要全部倒装。2.2.表动态的状语，置于句首时，句子要全部倒装。表动态的状语，置于句首时，句子要全部倒装。3.3.表地点的词语置于句首或强调地点概念时全部表地点的词语置于句首或强调地点概念时全部 倒装。倒装。Between the

6、 two buildings stands a tall Between the two buildings stands a tall tree.tree.在两幢楼之间有一棵大树。在两幢楼之间有一棵大树。【点金点金】当句子的主语有人称代词担当时，句当句子的主语有人称代词担当时，句 子不倒装，如：子不倒装，如：Here it is./Away they went.4.4.否定词否定词never,seldom,hardly,scarcely,never,seldom,hardly,scarcely,barely,rarely,little,not,nowhere,by no barely,rar

7、ely,little,not,nowhere,by no means,at no time,neither,nor means,at no time,neither,nor等放在句首等放在句首 时，句子常用部分倒装。时，句子常用部分倒装。5.5.在在not only.but also.,no sooner.not only.but also.,no sooner.than.,hardly.when.,scarcely.than.,hardly.when.,scarcely.when.,not until.,so.that.,such.when.,not until.,so.that.,such

8、.that.that.句型中，句型中，主句用部分倒装，从句不倒主句用部分倒装，从句不倒 装装，但要注意：，但要注意：neither.nor.neither.nor.连接句子的连接句子的 主语时前后两个分句都倒装。主语时前后两个分句都倒装。6.only6.only放在句首修饰状语时要部分倒装。放在句首修饰状语时要部分倒装。7.so,neither,nor7.so,neither,nor放在句首时，表示主语与前面放在句首时，表示主语与前面 的主语状态相同时，用部分倒装。的主语状态相同时，用部分倒装。8.8.表语、状语或动词原形表语、状语或动词原形+as/though+as/though+主语主语+

9、其他其他 时，句子要倒装。时，句子要倒装。Hero as he is,he still has shortcomings.Hero as he is,he still has shortcomings.尽管他是一个英雄，但是他也有缺点。尽管他是一个英雄，但是他也有缺点。Much as I like it,Ill not buy it.Much as I like it,Ill not buy it.尽管我很喜欢它，但我不会买。尽管我很喜欢它，但我不会买。9.however9.however放在句首时，形容词或副词跟在放在句首时，形容词或副词跟在 howeverhowever后用倒装句式。后用倒

10、装句式。However difficult it is,Ill work it out However difficult it is,Ill work it out on time.on time.不管它有多难，我都会按时完成。不管它有多难，我都会按时完成。n n【考点诠释】n n1up，down,in,away,off,out等副词置于句首，主语是名词而不是代词时，用完全倒装。n nIn came a girl,wearing a white skirt.n n进来了一个穿白裙子的女孩。n nUp jumped the cat and caught the mouse.n n猫跳上去抓住了

11、老鼠。n n2表示地点、时间、方向等的介词短语放在句首时，用完全倒装。n nThrough the window came in the sweet music.n n从窗户飘进了美妙的音乐。n nAfter the head walked a group of workers.n n头儿走了出来，后面跟着一群工人。n n3 3there,here,now,thenthere,here,now,then引导的句子及引导的句子及there/here be(exist)there/here be(exist)引导的表示引导的表示“存在存在”的句子的句子时用完全倒装。若主语为人称代词，则用陈述语时用

12、完全倒装。若主语为人称代词，则用陈述语序。序。n nThen out rushed a pack of dogs!Then out rushed a pack of dogs!n n接着跑出了一群狗。接着跑出了一群狗。n nThere stands an old pine tree on the top of the There stands an old pine tree on the top of the hill.hill.n n山顶上有一棵古松。山顶上有一棵古松。n nHere you are.Here you are.n n给你。给你。n nNot until he returne

13、d did we have supper.Not until he returned did we have supper.n n他回来后我们才吃晚饭。他回来后我们才吃晚饭。n nSeldom do I go to work by bus.Seldom do I go to work by bus.n n我很少乘公共汽车上班。我很少乘公共汽车上班。n n注意：注意：neither.nor.neither.nor.结构中，由于结构中，由于neitherneither和和nornor都是否定词，所以其前后句均需倒装。都是否定词，所以其前后句均需倒装。n nNeither could theory

14、do without practice,nor Neither could theory do without practice,nor could practice do without theory.could practice do without theory.n n理论没有实践不行，实践没有理论也不行。理论没有实践不行，实践没有理论也不行。n n9 9though/asthough/as引导让步状语从句时，意为引导让步状语从句时，意为“尽管尽管”，通常把句中状语、表语部分或动词提前；若，通常把句中状语、表语部分或动词提前；若表语是名词，其前不加冠词。表语是名词，其前不加冠词。n nH

15、ard as he worked,he failed the exam.Hard as he worked,he failed the exam.n n尽管他努力学习，他考试还是没及格。尽管他努力学习，他考试还是没及格。n nChild though/as he was,he was able to stand on Child though/as he was,he was able to stand on his own feet.his own feet.n n尽管他是个孩子，他已经能够独立地生活了。尽管他是个孩子，他已经能够独立地生活了。n n1010以以had/were/should

16、had/were/should开头引起的省略开头引起的省略if if的虚拟的虚拟条件句用部分倒装。条件句用部分倒装。n nHad you come here,you would have met the Had you come here,you would have met the film star.film star.n n你当时要是来这里的话就能见到那位电影明星了。你当时要是来这里的话就能见到那位电影明星了。n nWere I you,I would take up art.Were I you,I would take up art.n n如果我是你，我就会选修艺术。如果我是你，我就

17、会选修艺术。n nShould Mary call,say that Ill be back in an hour.Should Mary call,say that Ill be back in an hour.n n如果玛丽来电话，就说我一个小时后回来。如果玛丽来电话，就说我一个小时后回来。n n考点五十四强调句n n【真题再现】n n1(2010安徽卷)It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village _ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.n nA.whereB.

18、thatn nC.when D.whichn n答案与解析：B句意：女主人用先前从村庄中买的仅仅几样东西做出了如此美味的晚餐。被强调部分是from only a few supplies。句中的“that she had bought in the village”是定语从句，修饰先行词supplies。句子主干为the hostess cooked such a nice dinner。n n2 2(2010(2010湖南湖南)Johns success has nothing to do)Johns success has nothing to do with good luck.It i

19、s years of hard work with good luck.It is years of hard work _ has made him what he is today._ has made him what he is today.n nA.why A.why B.when B.whenn nC.which C.which D.thatD.thatn n答案与解析：答案与解析：D D此处强调第二句的主语此处强调第二句的主语years of years of hard workhard work。句意：。句意：JohnJohn的成功与运气没有关系。的成功与运气没有关系。正是他多

20、年的努力才成就了今天的他。正是他多年的努力才成就了今天的他。n n3(2010四川)If you have a job,_ yourself to it and finally youll succeed.n nA.do devote B.dont devoten nC.devoting D.not devotingn n答案与解析：A本句为“祈使句and陈述句”句型；do是对谓语动词devote的强调。n n【考点诠释考点诠释】n n1 1强调句型的构成强调句型的构成n n(1)(1)基本句型基本句型n nIt Itis/wasis/was被强调部分被强调部分that/whothat/who

21、其他成分其他成分n n(2)(2)强调句型的变化强调句型的变化n n一般疑问句：将一般疑问句：将is/wasis/was提前，构成提前，构成Is/WasIs/Wasit it被强调部分被强调部分that/whothat/who其他成分的形式。其他成分的形式。n nIt was at the street that Mary met him.n nWas it at the street that Mary met him?n n特殊疑问句：What/Who/Where/How/Whyis/wasitthat.?n nIt was at the street that Mary met him.

22、n n Where was it that Mary met him?n nWho was it that Mary met at the street?n n特殊句式的强调句型：It is/wasnot until被强调部分that其他成分。n nNot until n nIt was not until they finished their homework that they began to play basketball.n n2 2强调句型与一些形近句式的辨析强调句型与一些形近句式的辨析n n(1)It is very clear1)It is very clear that t

23、he elephant is tall and that the elephant is tall and strong like a tree.strong like a tree.n n很明显，大象又高又壮，像棵大树。很明显，大象又高又壮，像棵大树。n n注意：本句形式上很接近强调句型，实则不是。注意：本句形式上很接近强调句型，实则不是。在这个句子里，在这个句子里，“It”It”是形式主语，而真正的主是形式主语，而真正的主语是语是“that the elephant is tall and strong like a that the elephant is tall and strong

24、 like a tree”tree”。原句可以还原为：。原句可以还原为：That the elephant is tall That the elephant is tall and strong like a tree is very clear.and strong like a tree is very clear.。n n(2)Where did you meet before？你们以前在什么地方认识的？n nIt was in the factory where we worked.在我们以前工作的工厂里。n n注意：答语相当于“It was in the factory where

25、 we worked that we met before.”。句子省略了“that we met before”部分，句中where引导的是定语从句。n n3用来表示强调的其他方式n n如果需要强调谓语，用助动词do,did或does。n nHe did say such words.n n他确实说过这话。n nI do want to go with him.n n我确实想跟他一起去。试题精选试题精选1.Why cant I smoke here1.Why cant I smoke here？At no time At no time in the meeting room.in the

26、meeting room.A.is smoking permitted A.is smoking permitted B.smoking is permitted B.smoking is permitted C.does smoking permit C.does smoking permit D.smoking does permit D.smoking does permit 解析解析 答句中否定介词短语答句中否定介词短语at no time位于句位于句 首时首时,表明了句子的主谓结构应采用部分倒装的表明了句子的主谓结构应采用部分倒装的 形式形式,即将句中的助动词调至主语之前。根据句即将

27、句中的助动词调至主语之前。根据句 子意思该句为被动语态子意思该句为被动语态,排除选项排除选项B、C、D。A2.Only 2.Only as an interpreter as an interpreter how how important it is to grasp English.important it is to grasp English.A.when did I work;I realized A.when did I work;I realized B.when I worked;I realized B.when I worked;I realized C.when did

28、I work;did I realize C.when did I work;did I realize D.when I worked;did I realize D.when I worked;did I realize 解析解析 only引导状语从句位于句首时引导状语从句位于句首时,主句必须主句必须 用部分倒装。用部分倒装。D D3.Zhang Hua is clever and works hard at his 3.Zhang Hua is clever and works hard at his lessons.lessons.A.So is Li Ming A.So is Li

29、Ming B.So does Li Ming B.So does Li Ming C.It was the same with Li Ming C.It was the same with Li Ming D.So it is with Li Ming D.So it is with Li Ming 解析解析 根据题干及句子结构可知根据题干及句子结构可知,它含有两个不它含有两个不 同的谓语动词同的谓语动词,当它的内容也适合另一个主语时当它的内容也适合另一个主语时,这个句子需用这个句子需用So it is/was with sb./sth.或或 It is/was the same with s

30、b./sth.来表示。来表示。选项选项C时态错误。时态错误。D4.4.that they may eventually reduce the that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed on construction amount of labor needed on construction sites by 90 percent.sites by 90 percent.A.SuchA.Such construction robots are clever construction robots are clever

31、B.SoB.So clever the construction robots are clever the construction robots are C.SuchC.Such clever construction robots are clever construction robots are D.SoD.So clever are the construction robots clever are the construction robots 解析解析 在在so.that 或或such.that 引导的结果状语从引导的结果状语从句中句中,当当so或或 such 位于句首时位于

32、句首时,主句要采用部分主句要采用部分倒装形式。倒装形式。D5.Important 5.Important his discovery was,it was his discovery was,it was regarded as a matter of no account in his regarded as a matter of no account in his time.time.A.when A.whenB.untilB.until C.as C.asD.althoughD.although 解析解析 分析句子意思可知分析句子意思可知,选项部分为让步状语选项部分为让步状语 从句从句

33、,当从句中用作表语的形容词或名词位于句当从句中用作表语的形容词或名词位于句 首时首时,要用要用as 或或though,但助动词不前置。但助动词不前置。C6.6.in 1812,the New Orleans Battle could in 1812,the New Orleans Battle could have been avoided.have been avoided.A.If the peace agreement was signed in A.If the peace agreement was signed in America America B.If the peace a

34、greement had signed in B.If the peace agreement had signed in America America C.Was the peace agreement signed in C.Was the peace agreement signed in America America D.Had the peace agreement been signed in D.Had the peace agreement been signed in America America解析解析 根据题干中主句谓语动词的结构可知根据题干中主句谓语动词的结构可知

35、,该句该句是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟结构是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟结构,从句中谓语部从句中谓语部分应使用过去完成时分应使用过去完成时,如果省略从属连词如果省略从属连词if,句子句子应采用部分倒装形式应采用部分倒装形式,即将助动词即将助动词had调至主语之调至主语之前。选项前。选项A为陈述语序；选项为陈述语序；选项B为主动语态；选项为主动语态；选项C时态错误。时态错误。答案答案 D7.It was too noisy outside.Not until I 7.It was too noisy outside.Not until I shouted at the top of my voice

36、shouted at the top of my voice his his head.head.A.did he turn A.did he turnB.had he turnedB.had he turned C.he hadnt turned C.he hadnt turnedD.he didnt turnD.he didnt turn 解析解析 根据题干及句子结构可知根据题干及句子结构可知,not until引引 导的时间状语从句位于句首导的时间状语从句位于句首,且表示过去某一时且表示过去某一时 刻所发生的动作刻所发生的动作,主句应采用一般过去时的部分主句应采用一般过去时的部分 倒装形

37、式。倒装形式。A8.It was 8.It was she was injured in the she was injured in the accident_ she didnt come to the party accident_ she didnt come to the party yesterday.yesterday.A.as;which A.as;whichB.because;thatB.because;that C.since;why C.since;whyD.for;howD.for;how 解析解析 根据句子结构可以看出该句是一强调句根据句子结构可以看出该句是一强调句

38、型型,强调部分是原因状语从句。此句的陈述语序强调部分是原因状语从句。此句的陈述语序 为为She didnt come to the party yesterday because she was injured in the accident.B9.It was on the farm 9.It was on the farm he spent his he spent his childhood childhood he learned how to grow he learned how to grow vegetables.vegetables.A.where;that A.where;

39、thatB.which;whenB.which;when C.that;that C.that;thatD.which;whichD.which;which 解析解析 根据句子意思可知根据句子意思可知,第一空为定语从句第一空为定语从句,先行词先行词the farm 在从句在从句he spent his child-hood 中作地点状语中作地点状语,故选故选where;第二空为强调第二空为强调 的陈述部分的陈述部分,应由连词应由连词that连接。连接。A10.Was it not until you began to work10.Was it not until you began to w

40、ork how much time you had wasted how much time you had wasted？A.did you realizeA.did you realize B.that you realized B.that you realized C.did you not realize C.did you not realize D.that you didnt realize D.that you didnt realize 解析解析 分析句子结构可知分析句子结构可知,该题为该题为It was not until的强调句型结构的强调句型结构,故应选由故应选由th

41、at连接的陈连接的陈 述结构述结构,由于由于 not前置前置,故陈述结构中必须使用故陈述结构中必须使用 肯定结构形式。肯定结构形式。如果如果 not until引导的时间状引导的时间状 语位于句首语位于句首,则句子必须采用部分倒装形式则句子必须采用部分倒装形式,且且 用肯定结构。用肯定结构。B14.In no place other than Britain 14.In no place other than Britain ex-ex-perience four seasons in a single day.perience four seasons in a single day.A.y

42、ou can A.you canB.people canB.people can C.can one C.can oneD.can itD.can it 解析解析 in no place位于句首位于句首,句子用倒装语序。句子用倒装语序。C15.You ought to have given them some 15.You ought to have given them some advice.advice.,but who cared what I said,but who cared what I said？A.So I oughtA.So I oughtB.So ought IB.So

43、 ought I C.So I did C.So I didD.So did ID.So did I 解析解析 ought to have given them some advice表示过去的动作表示过去的动作,所以用过去时所以用过去时did；so+主主+谓表示谓表示“的确的确”。C16.China is a peace-loving country and 16.China is a peace-loving country and under under circumstances circumstances first use first use nuclear weapons.nuc

44、lear weapons.A.no;will China A.no;will ChinaB.no;China willB.no;China will C.all;will China C.all;will ChinaD.all;China willD.all;China will 解析解析 under no circumstances“决不决不”置于置于 句首句首,句子用倒装语序。句子用倒装语序。A17.Much 17.Much he has a good taste,he cant he has a good taste,he cant avoid being influenced by advertisements.avoid being influenced by advertisements.A.that he claims A.that he claims B.does he claim B.does he claim C.as he claims C.as he claims D.is it that he claims D.is it that he claims 解析解析 as引导让步状语从句，状语置于句首引导让步状语从句，状语置于句首 时，句子要用倒装。时，句子要用倒装。C返回