2023年八大时态语法全面汇总归纳.pdf

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1、学习文档 仅供参考 八大时态语法总结 一、时态 一般现在时，现在进行时，一般过去时，现在完成时，一般将来时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时 1.一般现在时 表示一般性，经常性的动作或一般性事实。(1)含有 be 动词的句子 一般肯定句 He is a teacher.The girl is very beautiful.Tim and Jack are students.变疑问句将 be 动词移到句首 Is he a teacher?Is the girl very beautiful?Are Tim and Jack students?变否认句在 be 动词后面加 not He is n

2、ot a teacher.The girl is not very beautiful.Tim and Jack are not students.肯定答复及否认答复 Yes,he is.No,he is not.Yes,she is.No,she is not.Yes,they are.No,they are not.学习文档 仅供参考(2)不含有 be 动词的句子，即含有一般动词的句子 A、第三人称 he she it单数及单数名词 apple apples(复数名词=they)一般肯定句 He likes books.She likes him.The dog likes bones.变

3、疑问句在句首加 does,动词变为原型 Does he like books?Does she like him?Does the dog like bones?变否认句在主语及动词之间加 doesnt,动词变为原型,原句中的动词不再有第三人称变化。He doesnt like books.She doesnt like him.The dog doesnt like bones.肯定答复及否认答复：Yes,he does.No,he doesnt.Yes,she does.No,she doesnt Yes,it does.No,it doesnt.注意：第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加 S

4、，不要和名词复数混淆，变否认句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。学习文档 仅供参考 B、其他人称及复数名词 一般肯定句 I want to have a bath.We have some meat.The students like smart teachers.变疑问句在句首加 do Do you want to have a bath?Do we have any meat?Do the students like smart teachers?变否认句在主语和动词之间加 dont.You dont want to have a bath.We dont have any meat.The

5、 students dont like smart teachers.肯定答复及否认答复 Yes,I do.No,I dont.Yes,we do.No,we dont Yes,they do.No,they dont.2.现在进行时 表示现在正在进行的动作。构成：主语be 动词动词的现在分词其它成分现在分词的构成见附录 一般肯定句 学习文档 仅供参考 We are having lunch.He is reading a book.The dog is running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.变疑问句将 be 动词

6、移到句首 Are we having lunch?Is he reading a book?Is the dog running after a cat?Are the boys swimming across the river?变否认句在 be 动词后面加 not We are not having lunch.He is not reading a book.The dog is not running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.特殊疑问句：what,which,how,where,who,etc.疑问词动词主语

7、现在分词 What are you doing?What is she doing?What is the dog doing?(必背)没有进行时的动词 表示状态，思想，感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作 学习文档 仅供参考 1.表示感觉，感官的词 see,hear,like,love,want,2.have,has当“拥有”讲时候没有进行时 3.一般过去时 表示过去发生的动作或事件，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,last night,the day before yesterday,3 days ago,1含有 be 动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，am,is 的过去式

8、为was，are 的过去式为 were 一般肯定句 I was at the butchers.You were a student a year ago.The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.变疑问句将 be 动词移动到句首 Were you at the butchers?Were you a student a year ago?Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?变否认句在 be 动词后面加 not I was not at the butchers.You were not a

9、student a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.肯定答复否认答复 学习文档 仅供参考 Yes,I was.No,I was not.Yes,you were.No,you were not.Yes,he/she was.No,he/she was not.特殊疑问句：What did you do?(必背)2不含有 be 动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，动词过去式构成见附录 一般肯定句 I finished my homework yesterday.The boy went to a restaurant.

10、The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago.变疑问句在句首加 did，动词变为原型 Did you finish your homework yesterday?Did the boy go to a restaurant?Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago?变否认句在主语和动词之间加 did not I did not finish my homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaurant.The Sawyers did not liv

11、e at King Street a year ago.肯定答复及否认答复 Yes,I did.No,I didnt.学习文档 仅供参考 Yes,he did.No,he didnt.Yes,they did.No,they did not.4.现在完成时 构成：主语+助动词 have,has+过去分词 A、用法：1)表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和 just,usually,already,since等时间副词连用 I have just had lunch.(饱了，不用再吃了)He has had a cup of tea.不渴了，不用再喝 They have already h

12、ad their holiday.不能再度假了 The boy has already read the book.已经知道书的内容了，不用再看了 2)询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：Have you finished your homework?Have you been to Beijing?Have he seen the film?3)表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作 I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.4)表示一种经历，经验：去过地方，做过事情，经历过

13、事情 学习文档 仅供参考 I have never had a bath.I have never seen a film.I have never been to cinema.I have ever been to Paris.Have been to表示去过，have gone to 表示去了 I have been to London.(人已经回来)He has gone to London.人还在那里 5)表示一种结果，一般不和时间副词联用 I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.He has become a teacher.She has br

14、oken my heart.B、句型变化：变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否认句在助动词后面加 not.e.g.Have you lost your pen?I have not lost my pen.肯定答复及否认答复 Yes,I have.No,I have not.特殊疑问句：What have you done?What has he done?一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：但凡有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时 学习文档 仅供参考 注意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点，不能再延续，因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用 错：Ive left Beijing for 3 days.对：I l

15、eft Beijing 3 days ago.I have been away from being for 3 days.5.一般将来时 表示将来将要发生的动作，经常和 tomorrow,next year,the day after tomorrow,the year after the next,in five hours time,etc.表示将来的词联用 结构：主语+助动词 will+动词原形 一般肯定句 I will go to America tomorrow.The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack wi

16、ll move into his new house tomorrow morning.变疑问句将助动词移到句首 Will you go to America tomorrow?Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?变否认句在助动词后面加 not I will not go to America tomorrow.The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next.

17、学习文档 仅供参考 Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning 肯定答复及否认答复 Yes,I will.No,I will not.Yes,he/she will.No,he/she will not.Yes,he will.No,he will not.特殊疑问句：What will you do?6.过去完成时：用法：在过去的时间里，两个动作中，发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。结构：had+过去分词 一般肯定句 After she had finished her homework,she went shopping.T

18、hey had sold the car before I asked the price.The train had left before I arrived at the station.After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号，如果放在主句后则不用加。变疑问句将助动词移到句首 Had she finished her homework?变否认句在助动词后面加 not She hadnt finished her homework.学习文档 仅供参考 肯定答复及否认答复 Yes,she had.No,she hadnt.特殊疑问句：What had she done?7.过去进行时 表示过去正在进行的动作,经常用在 when,while,as引导的状语从句中。结构：was/were+doing When my husband was going into the dining room this morning,he dropped some coins on the floor.While we were having dinner,my father was watching TV.8 过去将来时 结构：would do She said she would go here the next morning.