正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStyles.ppt

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1、PPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPT正式和非正式文体正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStyles2023/5/19正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPT.The Meaning of Style All types of writing,like stories,legal documents and personal letters,have much in common:they contain many of the common wo

2、rds used by people everywhere and every day,observe the same basic morphological and syntactical rules,and follow the same custom of using punctuation marks.In other words,no writing,or speech,for that matter,can be done without using the common core of the English language.正式和非正式文体FormalandInformal

3、StylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPT However,there are also differences between different types of writing.In a personal letter,for instance,sentences are usually short and simple,even incomplete,and most words are those used in daily conversation,easy and even slangy.In a legal document,on t

4、he other hand,most sentences are long and involved,and many,if not most,of the words are polysyllabic,with special terms difficult for ordinary people to understand.正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPT Special features like these in language are a matter of style.The

5、word style has several senses:it may refer to a writers habitual or peculiar way of using language,or the prevalent features of the language of a certain period,or the characteristic aspects of the language of a certain type of writing.It may also mean grace or elegance in writing,as in He has no st

6、yle.正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPT.Formal and Informal Styles阅读下面的文章，找出其文体特点：正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPT Future shock-the disease of change-can be prevented.But it will take drastic social,even political action.No matter

7、how individuals try to pace their lives,no matter what psychic crutches we offer them,no matter how we alter education,the society as a whole will still be caught on a runaway treadmill until we capture control of the accelerative thrust itself.The high velocity of change can be traced to many facto

8、rs.Population growth,urbanization,the shifting proportions of young and old-all play their part.Yet technological advance is clearly a critical node in the network of causes;indeed,it may be the node that activates the entire net.One powerful strategy in the battle to prevent mass future shock,there

9、fore,involves the conscious regulation of technological advance.-Alvin Toffler正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPT长句long sentences平行结构parallel constructions插入语parenthetical remark从句clauses被动语态passive voice抽象意思的词语：words and phrases have abstract meanings比喻Metaphors正式和非

10、正式文体FormalandInformalStylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPT阅读下面的文章，找出其文体特点：正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPT It was six oclock when I left the schoolhouse.I had six miles to walk home.It would be after seven when I got home.I had all my work to do when I got h

11、ome.It took Pa and me both to do the work.Seven cows to milk.Nineteen head of cattle to feed,four mules,twenty-five hogs,fire wood and stovewood to cut,and water to draw from the well.He would be doing it when I got home.He would be mad and wondering what was keeping me!I hurried home.I would run un

12、der the dark,leafless trees.I would walk fast uphill.I would run down the hill.The ground was freezing.I had to hurry.I had to run.I reached the long ridge that led to our cow pasture.I ran along his ridge.The wind dried the sweat on my face.I ran across the pasture to the house.-Jesse Stuart正式和非正式文

13、体FormalandInformalStylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPT简单句简短从句不完整句主动语态日常用语正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPT正式文体和非正式文体的差别正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPT1.语法方面1）缩约词：一般用于非正式文体dont,mustnt,hes,Ive,etc.,正式文体中字母写全：do not,must not

14、,etc.正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPT2）泛指的不定代词you常用于非正式文体，而正式文体用oneYou never know what new measures the President will take.One never knows what new measures the President will take.正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPT3）非正式文体中，who可以

15、代替whom在疑问词中作宾语，宾格代词可以充当被省略的动词的主语：Who did you see in that room?(informal)Whom did you see in that room?(Formal)Who is the secretary talking with?(informal)With whom is the secretary talking?(Formal)Wang can speak French more fluently than me.(informal)Wang can speak French more fluently than I.(Forma

16、l)正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPT4)非正式文体中，介词可以放在定语从句、wh-疑问句或感叹词的句末：I know the girl who the Secretary is talking with.Which hotel is he staying at?What a difficult situation hes in!正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPT5）非正式文体中宾语从句前的t

17、hat常省去：She said(that)she would come.He told me(that)he liked the house.I think(that)its a good idea.正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPT6）非正式文体中，they可以指代 everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,anyone,anybody,no one,nobody,e.g.Has everyone finished doing their exercises?H

18、as everyone finished doing his or her exercises?(Formal)Anyone can take a brochure if they want it.Anyone can take a brochure if he or she wants it.(Formal)正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPT7）非正式文体中，虚拟语气的句子主语是 I，he，she,it等词，可用was代替were：The old lady treated him as if

19、 he was her own son.I wish he was here with us.正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPT8）非正式文体中，常用省略疑问句和缩略分句：What for?Want a drink?She came yesterday.正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPT9)分词短语和无动词分句一般用于正式文体：Having been warned of the impendi

20、ng storm,the captain decided to put off the voyage.When the captain heard a storm was coming,he decided to put off the voyage.(Less formal)Badly defeated in the match,the team returned in low spirits.The team was badly defeated in the match,and they returned in low spirits.(Less formal)She decided t

21、o go home at once,knowing that her mother was anxiously waiting for her.She decided to go home at once.She knew her mother was anxiously waiting for her.(Less formal)正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPT10）独立主格结构一般用于正式文体：The weather being fine,a large number of people

22、went to climb the Western Hills.As the weather was fine,a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.(Less formal)Africa is the second largest continent,its size being about three times that of China.Africa is the second largest continent.It is about three times as large as China.(Less f

23、ormal)正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPT11)作定语或状语的短语，放在主语前可使句子显得正式A famous professor of biology,Dr.Jones was the new president the university.Eager to finish the work,he continued to do it until midnight.正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office

24、PPTPPT12）插入语使句子显得正式：This village has built,in less than ten years,several small factories that bring in more income than the farm produce every year.He shaved very slowly and carefully,as was his custom,in front of the mirror above the sink.All the people present-Chairman Smith,Professors Brown,Jame

25、s and Williams,and the secretary-supported the motion.正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPT13）一系列名词、动词或形容词可使句子显得正式：His anger prevented him from doing,saying,and listening to anything.She has experienced love and hate,grief and happiness.正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStylesP

26、PTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPT14）下列句型常用于正式文体：Long sentences;长句Compound-complex sentences;并列复合句Sentences with parallel constructions;平行结构Balanced sentences;对偶句Periodic sentences.圆周句正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPT2.词汇方面1）日常用语：多源于Anglo-Saxon；正式、学术性词汇：多源于Greek,

27、French and Latin（尤其是多音节词）正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPTClasswork给出下列词汇对应的非正式词：commenceProfoundfortunateterminateproceedelevategratuitousexplicitidenticaleruditeendeavoreccentric正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPTFormal Informalco

28、mmencebeginProfounddeepfortunateluckyterminateendproceedbegin or continueelevateraisegratuitousunneccessaryexplicitclearidenticalsameeruditelearnedendeavortryeccentricqueer,strange正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPT2）短语动词偏口语化，常用语谈话体：Classwork给出下列短语动词所对应的单词动词go oncarr

29、y onlook intocome acrossput up withget awayturn out正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPTPhrasal Verbs Single Verbsgo on continue(v.i.)carry oncontinue(v.t.)look intoinvestigatecome acrossmeetput up withbear,endureget awayleave,escapeturn outproduce正式和非正式文体FormalandInfo

30、rmalStylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPT3）缩写词（Shortened words）在正式文体中不多见。Classwork给出下列缩写词的全拼词汇photo,ad,bike,gym,prep,pop,vet 正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPT4）俚语在正式文体中少见Classwork给出下列俚语对应的一般词汇lousyswellmightyneat,coolin hot watermake a hitmake a big deal abou

31、t somethingshoot the breezetalk someones head off正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPTSlangCommonlousybad,terribleswellgood,excellentmighty very,extremelyneat,coolfine,pleasantin hot waterin troublemake a hitsucceed in doing somethingmake a big deal about somethingexag

32、gerate the seriousness of somethingshoot the breezespend time chattingtalk someones head offspeak too much正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPT正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPT正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPT正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPT正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPT正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStylesPPTPPT文档演模板文档演模板 Office Office PPTPPT演讲完毕，谢谢听讲!再见，see you again3rew3rew2023/5/19正式和非正式文体FormalandInformalStyles