中考英语专题复习：宾语从句.pdf

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1、中考英语专项复习一宾语从句【宾语从句命题】中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：1.引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择；2.宾语从句的语序；3.宾语从句的时态。【考点诠释】宾语从句在初中英语语法中有着相当重要的地位，几乎每年的中考都有对宾语从句不同角度的考查。其考查的重点一般都集中在以下几个方面：一、连接词宾语从句的连接词分为三类：1.引导陈述句用tha t（在口语或非正式文体中常常省略）。2.引导一般疑问句用if或 whether。注意：下列几种情况通常使用whether：（1）在具有选择意义又有or或 or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether；（2）在介词之后用

2、whether；（3）在不定式前用whether等。3.引导特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词。-Exc use me,c ould you tell me?-Theres a b a nk on the sec ond floor.You c a n ma ke it there.黄冈市A where I c a n c ha nge money B how I c a n get to the b a nkC if there,s a b a nk nea r here D.where the b a nk is二、语序在含宾语从句的复合句中，不管主句是陈述句还是疑问句，从句一律是用“连接

3、词+陈述句语序”，其标点符号由主句来决定。1.一Do you know now?-In the People,s Hotel.北京市A where is Tom working B where d id Tom workC.where Tom is working D.where Tom worked三、时态1.如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句的时态可视情况使用任何一种相关的时态。2.如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，宾语从句必须使用过去相应的某一种时态。3.如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句是用什么时态，从句时态习惯上都用一般现在时。4.

4、情 态 动 词 c ould /would 用 于“请求”，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句时态不受主句的约束。Exc use me,c ould you tell me when _ the new O lympic Center?沈阳市A.a re we visited B will we visit C we a re visited D we will visit-Could you tell me whom the ra d io b y?-Sorry,I ha ve no id ea.福州市A.invents B invented C is invented D.wa s invent

5、ed（河北）I d id n,t u n de r s t an d,so I ra ised my ha nd to a sk.A.wha t my tea c her sa ys B.wha t d oes my tea c her sa yC.wha t my tea c her sa id D.wha t d id my tea c her sa y四、否定转移当宾语从句表示否定的意义时，若主句主语为第一人称且谓语动词是think/b elieve/suppose/expec t等时，应在主句上加以否定。五、简化宾语从句在一定条件下，可以简化为“特殊疑问词+不定式”、“it+形容词+不

6、定式短语”、复合宾语、动词不定式（名词、动名词、形容词或副词、过去分词）短语、名词和过去分词等。I d on t know wha t I should d o with the letter.（改为简单句）（山东烟台）I d on t know wha t with the letter.六、注意点if/when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if/when引导宾语从句时，意思分别为“是否”和“何时”，此时它们的时态根据具体情况而定。if和 when引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果”和“当的时候”，此时如果主句是一般将来时，从句部分则用一般现

7、在时。七、综合考查-Did Mr W hite tell you-?一Yes.He sa id he went there in 2013.福州市A.when he tra veled to Tib et B.how he goes to W uha nC.W here he spent his holid a ys D.why d id he visit Kunming【语法回顾】宾语从句宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1.由 tha t引导的宾语从句。Tha t只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口

8、语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：He sa id (tha t)he wa nted to sta y a t home.他说他想呆在家里。She d oesn,t know(tha t)she is seriously ill.她不知道她病得很严重。I a m sure(tha t)he will suc c eed.我确信他会成功。2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,wha t,whic h和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Do you know who(whom)they a re wa iting

9、 for?你知道他们在等谁吗？He a sked whose ha nd writing wa s the b est.他问谁的书法最好。Ca n you tell me where the No.3 b us stop i s?你能告诉我3 路公共汽车站在哪儿吗？I d on t know why the tra in is la te.我不知道火车为什么晚了。I c a n,t ima gine why he d id tha t thing.我不能想像他为什么做了那件事。Do you know why we ha ve put off the sports meet till next

10、month?你知道我们为什么把运动会推迟到下个月吗？以上两个例句的宾语从句相当于一个特殊疑问句，分别为：why d id he d o tha t thing?和 W hy ha ve youput off the sports meet till next month?由于宾语从句要求陈述句语序，故而在从句中它变成了陈述语序。请看下列两组句子：How muc h d oes this c oa t c ost?这件衣服值多少钱？I wa nt to know how muc h this c oa t c osts.我想知道这件衣服值多少钱。W here d id you go yester

11、d a y?你昨天去哪儿了？Plea se tell me where you went yesterd a y.请告诉我你昨天去哪儿了。当疑问代词wha t,who在特殊疑问句中做主语时，该特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序，所以当该句用来做宾语时，语序不需要调整。W ha ts wrong with you?怎么了？He a sked the girl wha t wa s wrong with her.他问这个女孩怎么回事了。W ha t，s the ma tter?怎么 了？He a sked the girl wha t wa s the ma tter.他问这个女孩怎么了。W ha t

12、ha s ha ppened to him?他发生什么事了？W e wa nt to know wha t ha s ha ppened to him.我们想知道他发生了什么事。同类句式还有：W ho b roke the wind ow?谁打破的窗户？W ho is in the c la ssroom?谁在教室里？W ha t ma d e him so a ngry.什么使得他如此生气。3.由 if或 whether引导的宾语从句。表 示“是否”，二者通常可以互换。例如：Lily a sked if/whether she liked it,莉莉问她是否喜欢它。I wa nt to kn

13、ow if(whether)he lives there.我想知道他是否住在这儿。He a sked me whether（if）I c ould help him.他问我是否可以帮助他。但语义有点区别：1）whether强调犹豫和选择，多见于书面语中；i f 只限于条件，常用于口语。例如：W rite a nd tell me whether Im to c ome,请写信告诉我，我是否该来。W rite a nd tell me if Im to c ome.如果我该来，请写信告诉我（相当于说：若我不必来，那就不用费心写信给我了。）2）whether可引导各种名词性从名和让步状语从句，i

14、f 只能引导宾语从句和条件状语从句。由if引导的从句，首先要弄清楚是宾语从句，还是条件状语从句，然后再确定时态。若是引导条件状语从句，谓语动词应用一般现在（过去）时代替一般将来（过去将来）时。例如：If you d ont go soon,you 11 b e la te.如果你不马上去就会迟到。当if引导一个非真实条件句时，从句的谓语动词应用过去式（如果是b e,则不论主语的人称和数，一律用were），主句谓语动词用“would+动词原形”。例如：If everyone in the c ountry knew first a id,ma ny lives would b e sa ved.

15、如果每个国民都懂得急救（的知识），许多生命就会得以挽救。3）whether和if都可以与or no连用。但if与or not之间常需要用词语隔开，而whether与or not可连用，也可隔开。例如：Ca n you tell me whether or not the tra in ha s left?（=Ca n you tell me whether the tra in ha s leftor not?）你能告诉我火车是否离开了吗？I d ont c a re if your c a r b rea ks d own or n o t.我不在乎你的汽车是否坏了。4）下列情况，只用whe

16、ther作引导词：引导主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句、让步状语从句。例如：W hether he c omes or not d oesn,t c onc ern me.他来不来与我无关。I a m in d oub t whether I ought to give this pla n my a pprova l.我决定不了是否该同意这项计划。W ha t I wa nt to know is whether you c a n help me.我想知道的是你是否能帮助我。W hether we go or sta y,the result is the sa me.不管我们是走还是留，其

17、结果是一样的。5）与不定式连用：例如：I d ont know whether to a c c ept or refuse.我不知道是该接受还是该拒绝。6）在介词后作介宾。例如：I a m not interested in whether you like the pla n or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢那项计划。4.think,b elieve,suppose,ima gine,guess等表示“认 为 、猜想”等的动词后的宾语从句1）否定转移在以上动词之后的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定含义，却不用否定形式，而把主句中的上述动词变为否定形式，这就叫否定转移。I d ont thin

18、k the b ook is worth b uying.我认为这本书不值得买。I d ont b elieve they ha ve finished their work.我相信他们并未完成他们的工作。I d ont suppose he c a res.我猜想他们不会介意的。W e d ont expec t they will ha ve everything d one.我们希望他们没有把事全做完。2）存在这种否定转移现象的句了在作反意疑问句时，具有如下特点：在宾语从句中，如果主句的谓语动词是think,b elieve,suppose,ima gine,guess等，主句主语是第一

19、人称以外的人称时，反意疑问句应针对主句。You d ont think he c a n finish his work,d o you?你认为他不能完成他的工作，是吗？He d oesn，t b elieve tha t we ha ve c ome b a c k,d oes h e?他认为我们还没回来呢，是吗？但是如果主句主语是第一人称时，反意疑问词部分的主语和时态要与宾语从句保持一致，并注意否定转移。I d ont think you a re a n a c tor,a re you?我认为你不是一个演员，是吗？I suppose you ha ve b een to Beijing

20、,ha ven,t you?我想你去过北京。是吗？另外，当think,suppose,b elieve,ima ging,guess这类表示“认 为 、“猜想”的动词作主句谓语时，常会出现一种以疑问词起头的双重疑问句。W ha t d o you think he is?你认为他是做什么的？How muc h time d o you suppose I must spend on i t?你认为我得花多少时间来做这件事？二.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：I hea r(tha t)physic s isn t ea sy.我听说物理不容易。I think(tha t)y

21、ou will like this sc hool soon.我认为你不久会喜欢这所学校。Ca n you tell me how I c a n get to zoo?你能告诉我怎么到动物园吗？Plea se tell me when we 11 ha ve the meeting.请告诉我我们什么时候开会。三.宾语从句的时态1.若主句为一般现在时或一般将来时，则从句的时态不限可视句子意义使用所需要的任何时态。例如：W e a ll know c hic ken c a n,t swim.我们都知道鸡不会游泳。Dont you think Jim is spea king too quic

22、k.难道你不认为吉姆讲的太快了吗？He sa ys he will c ome b a c k.他说他会回来。2.若主句是祈使句，从句谓语动词也可用所需要的任何时态。例如：Show me whic h pic ture is yours.让我看看哪张照片是你的。Plea se tell us where we will go.请告诉我要去哪里。3.若主句是一般过去时，从句必须用过去时态的某一种。例如：I knew she ha d swept the floor a lrea d y.我知道她已经扫过地了。He a sked if I wa s d oing my homework this

23、time yesterd a y.他问我昨天这个时候是否在做作业。4.若从句叙述的是客观真理、自然现象或永恒不变的规律时，则不受主句时态的限制，仍用一般现在时。例如：O ur tea c her told us light tra vels muc h fa ster tha n sound.老师告诉我们光传播的速度比声音快得多。They knew the sun is muc h b igger tha n the ea rth then.他们那时就知道太阳比地球大得多，He sa id tha t one a nd one ma kes two.他说力口一等于二。【中考真题】1.一I wo

24、nd er a t 8:00 la st night?I wa s wa tc hing NBA.A.W ha t were you d oing B.W ha t d id you d o C.wha t you were d oing D.ffha t a re you d oing2.I d ont rememb er the b ook yesterd a y.A.where I put B.where d id I put C.where will I put D.where 1 will put3.一I d on t know.Bec a use he ha s to look a

25、 fter his mother.A.why he is lea ving B.why is he lea ving C.whether he is lea ving D.whether is he lea ving4.I d id n t und ersta nd ,So I ra ised my ha nd to a skA.wha t my tea c her sa ys B.wha t my tea c her sa y C.wha t my tea c her sa id5.They wond er rob ots will ma ke huma ns lose their job

26、s or notA.tha t B.if C.whether6.Ca n you tell me?A.how muc h is the red swea ter B.how muc h the red swea ter isC.wha t s the pric e of the red swea ter D.how ma ny the red swea ter is7.Exc use me,Could you tell?一Yes.Go a long this street a nd you will find it on your left.A.where is the museum B.wh

27、ic h is the wa y to the museumC.how fa r is the museum D.how c a n I get to the museum8.I d on t know _ A.where she c omes from.B.how old is she C.W hen wa s she b orn?9.Could you tell me?At nine o c loc k,in ten minutes.A.how will he lea ve B.when he ha s left C.why he is lea ving D.when he will le

28、a ve10.The woma n a sked the polic ema n where.A.the post offic e is B.wa s the post offic e C.is the post offic e D.the post offic e wa s11.Could you tell me?-At the end of July.A.how often he hea rd from his pen pa l B.how soon he will b e hereC.tha t he went on va c a tion D.when you will sta rt

29、your va c a tion12.Could you tell me a meeting in Gua ngzhou next week?A.if there wa s going to b e B.if there is going to b eC.whether is there going to b e D.whether there is going to ha ve13.I m hungry now.Could you plea se tell me?一Sure.Follow me,plea se.A.where there9 s a good pla c e to ha ve

30、fun B.the wa y to theC.where I c a n get a d ic tiona ry D.where there?s a good14.Bob,plea se tell me.In South Hill Sc hool.A.where will the ma tc h b e held B.where the ma tc h will b e heldC.when will the ma tc h b e held D.when the ma tc h will b e heldj post offic epla c e to ea t15.一 Did the ra

31、 d io sa y?一Yes,from Huna n.A.how the b a d ric e c a meC.how d id the b a d ric e c omeB.where the b a d ric e c a me fromD.where d id the b a d ric e c ome from16.Exc use me.Ca n you tell me?At a b out 8 o c loc k,sir.A.wha t time the pla ne will rea c h Beijing B.wha t time will the pla ne a rriv

32、e in BeijingC.wha t time the pla ne will a rrive Beijing D.wha t time will the pla ne get to Beijing17.Plea se tell me the sc a rf?She b ought it online,I guess.A.if Alic e liked B.when Alic e b ought C.where Alic e b ought D.how muc h d id Alic e pa y for18.Could you plea se tell me?一They,re over t

33、here.A.where a re the restrooms B.where were the restroomsC.where the restrooms a re D.where the restrooms were19.How soon will you sta rt your journey?-V m not sure.I ha ven t d ec id ed .A when sha ll I a sk the b oss for lea ve B where I will go to spend the holid a yC whether I would go b y tra

34、in or b y pla ne D who c ould invite me to go20.-1 wond er when b e held.-If it,we 11 ha ve it next Mond a y.A.the sports meeting will;d oesn,t ra in B.will the sports meeting;d oesn,t ra inC.the sports meeting will;will not ra in21.Alic e interviewed some people a nd a sked them a b out on Fa ther,

35、s Da y.A.wha t they d o B.wha t they d id.C.wha t they will d o.22.Do you know I sa w yesterd a y?It wa s my fa vorite sta r,Ja c kie!A.whom B.when C.where D.how23.How long d oes it ta ke to get to the a irport?Forty minutes.But it s foggy tod a y.I m not sure the highwa y will c loses soon.Let s se

36、t off ea rlier.A.whether B.when C.how D.why24.If you c a n t find the pla c e,I will show you.A.wha t it is B.wha t it wa s C.where it is D.where it wa s25.Could you tell me in your hometown in winter?一 Sure.A.whether d oes it often snow B.whether it often snowsC.if it often snow D.if d oes it snow2

37、6.Teena gers with working experienc es know more c lea rly they will b e in the future.A.who B.why C.where D.wha t27.Someone is knoc king a t the d oor,d a d!Go a nd see.A.who is it B.who it is C.who wa s it D.who it wa s28.Could you plea se tell me?-Yes.There is one on Center Street.A.where c a n I

38、 b uy some sta mps B.C.when wa s the telephone invented D.29.Could you tell me?This wa y,plea se.A.where a re the spec ia l shoesC.where will b e the spec ia l shoeswhen you will ta ke your va c a tionif there a re a ny good resta ura nts a round hereB.where the spec ia l shoes a re30.People in Ya n

39、c heng a re proud of they ha ve a c hieved in the pa st thirty yea rs.A.how B.whic h C.wha tD.when31.Could you plea se tell me She is und er the b ig tree overA.where is Miss ZhouC.where Miss Zhou wa s32.Could you tell me?一At 15:45 this Frid a y.A.where you met meC.when you c a me here33.You c a n u

40、se English or Chinese_?there.B.where wa s Miss ZhouD.where Miss Zhou isI*m going to pic k you up a t the a irportB.who you a re c oming withD.wha t time you a re a rrivingyou tra vel in Singa pore.A.whether B.wha tever C.where D.if34.W ould you plea se tell me?-Yes.There9 s a b a nk over there.A.W h

41、en c a n I exc ha nge money B.where c a n I exc ha nge moneyC.when I c a n exc ha nge money D.where I c a n exc ha nge money35.-Do you know?-Next yea r.A.when he moved to Sha ngha iB.when he will move to Sha ngha iC.when will he move to Sha ngha i36.-I wond er .Sha nd ong Provinc e.A.when will Peng

42、Liyua n c ome B.where Peng Li yua n is fromC.where Peng Liyua n c a me from D.how Peng Liyua n will c ome37.Could you tell me?More tha n a yea r.A.how soon will Ya ngzhou-Ta izhou Airport b e b uiltB.how long ha s Ya ngzhou-Ta izhou Airport b een in servic eC.how soon Ya ngzhou-Ta izhou Airport will

43、 b e b uiltD.how long Ya ngzhou-Ta izhou Airport ha s b een in servic e38.I wa nt to know.Sorry.I ve no id ea.But she wa s here just now.A.where is Ann B.where Ann is C.where wa s Ann D.where Ann wa s39.W ould you like to tell me?一 Sure.Pra c tic e ma kes perfec t.A.how c a n I stud y English well B

44、.why d o you lea rn English wellC.how I c a n stud y English well D.why I lea rn English well40.Could you tell me the c ool T-shirt?A.where you b uy B.where d o you b uyC.where d id you b uy D.where you b ought初三英语中考第一次模拟（一模）试卷含答案一、单项填空（共 15小题，每小题1 分，满 分 15分）从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答卷纸上将该项涂

45、黑。1.This is wha t And y wrote just now.Ma yb e he isgoing to.A.fix something B.prepa re aC.b uy some gifts D.d o some2.Three-lea f Ga rd en,whic h is a b out 20 kilometerssouth of Yongya ng,is full of visitors ea rly April.A.onB.for C.a t D.in3.一W e ha ve some exc ha nge stud ents a t sc hool.I hea

46、rd singing a Chinese folk songthis morning.Rea lly?It seems they a re interested in Chinese c ulture.A.theyB.themC.themselves D.their4.Are you going to ta ke pa rt in the writing c ompetition?W hy not?I ha ve to lose,right?A.nothing B.something C.a nything D.everything5.Ac c ord ing to Forb es,Ama z

47、on s CEO,Jeff Bezos ia now the person in the world.A.wea lthiest B.wea lthier C.wea lthy D.most wea lth6.一Some sa y d rinking c offee c a n c a use c a nc er.一W ell,c offee d rinking ha sn t b een shown to your risk of c a nc er.A.invite B.introd uc e C.ima gine D.inc rea se7.A ship is sa fe if it s

48、ta ys in a ha rb our.But this is not it is b uilt.A.wha t B.how C.why D.whereA.ta kes off B.is ta king off C.ha s ta ken off D.took off9.I*m tired out these d a ys.一W ell,you,d b etter keep a b etween work a nd pla y.A.promise B.d ia ry C.b a la nc e D.sec ret10.He ma y b e in the c la ssroom,I thin

49、k.一No,he b e in the c la ssroom,I sa w him go home just now.A.need n,t B.mustn t C.c a n,t D.should n,t11.You wa tc hed the fa shion show la st week,d id n,t you?-Yes,I missed the b eginning.A.or B.so C.a nd D.b ut12.In a n English d ic tiona ry,whic h word c omes b efore tootha c he”?A.while B.teet

50、h C.trust D.uniform13.Li Ao,one of my fa vourite Chinese writer,ea rlier this yea r.He wa s a ma n whowa s never a fra id of a ny power.A.pa ssed d own B.pa ssed on C.pa ssed off D.pa ssed a wa y14.O n April Fools Da y,we pla y jokes on friend s.The jokes a nd their vic tims AprilF o o l s.A.c a l l