计算机专业英语.pdf

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1、UN IT ON E Introduction to Computers470200203Text 1 The Computer System一 Vocabulary(词汇):device：装置cable：电缆instruction：指令terminal：终端hardware：硬件software：软件input：输入output：输出central processing unit(CPU)：中央处理器processor：处理器integrated circuits(IC)：集成电路printed circuit board：印刷电路板memory：存储器application program

2、：应用程序programming language processor：计算机程序语言处理器operating system：操作系统resource：资源utilities(utility programs)：实用程序二.Important sentences(重点句)：1.A computer system includes both hardware and software.2.A basic organization of a computer hardware system consists of an inputdevice,an output device,memory and

3、 a Central Processing Unit(CPU).3.Software products may be divided into four basic types:applicationprograms,programming language processors,operating systems,and systemutilities.4.Application programs allow you to perform such tasks as solvingstatistical problems,keeping your company，s account book

4、s or playing acomputer game.5.Programming language processors are programs that support the use ofa computer language on a computer system.6.Operating systems are control programs that manage hardware andsoftware resources and enable you to run application programs.7.System utilities are special pro

5、grams that enhance the usefulness andcapabilities of a computer.三.Exercises(练习及参考答案):1.Translate the following words and expressions into English.(1)硬 件：hardware(2)软 件：software(3)集成电路:integrated circuits(IC)(4)中央处理器：central processing unit(CPU)(5)应用软件：application software(6)应用程序：application program2

6、.Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.、(3).3.Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages intoChinese:、(8)4.M ultiple Choice:、C、B、B、BUN IT ON E Introduction to ComputersText 2 System Components of Computers一、Vocabulary(词汇):component：部件，元件image：图形printer：打印机cabinet：机箱

7、chip：心月silicon：硅片main memory：主存储器secondary storage：辅助存储器diskette drive：软驱display screen(or monitor)：显示器二.Important sentences(重点句)：1.A computer system consists of four basic components:the CentralProcessing Unit(CPU),memory,input device and output device.三.Exercises(练习及参考答案):1.Translate the following

8、 words and expressions into English.(1)计算机系统：computer system(2)主存储器:main memory(3)辅助存储器：secondary storage(4)键盘：keyboard显示器：display screen(or monitor)数据：data2.Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.、(2)3.Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages intoChinese:、(4)4.Tru

9、e or False:、F、F(4)、T、FUN IT ON E Introduction to ComputersText 3 The Evolution of Computers一 Vocabulary(词汇):vacuum tube：真空管silicon chip：硅片large-scale：大规模的integration：集成chip circuitry：芯片电路package：封装auxiliary storage(=external storage or secondary storage)：辅助存储器data：数据magnetic disk：磁盘memory capacity(=

10、storage capacity)：存储器容量microprocessor：微处理器multiprogramming:多道程序设计二、Important sentences(重点句)：1.M odern electronic computers didn，t appear until the 1940s.Researchworkers in America produced a working computer in 1946.2.The first-generation of computers were used from 1946 to 1959.Theywere characteriz

11、ed by the most prominent feature of the EN IAC-vacuum tubes,and were large,costly,expensive to power and often unreliable.3.The second-generation of computers spanned the years from 1959 throughto 1964.The most notable change was that transistors replaced vacuumtubes.4.In addition,the second-generat

12、ion computers were given auxiliarystorage,sometimes called external or secondary storage.5.Third generation computers lastedthird-generation is marked chiefly bycircuits,which replaced transistors.6.From 1971 to the present,we havefrom 1964 to 1971.Thethe development of integratedfourth-generation c

13、omputers.三、Exercises(练习及参考答案)：1.Translate the following words and expressions into English.(1)电子管：vacuum tube(2)晶体管：transistor(3)磁带机：magnetic tape machine(4)磁盘机：magnetic disk machine(5)微处理器：microprocessor(6)大规模集成电路：Large-scale integration circuits2.Translate the following screen messages into Chines

14、e.、(9)3.Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages intoChinese:、(8)4.M utiple Choice:、B、C(3)、B、D(4)、BUN IT ON E Introduction to ComputersText 4 M icrocomputer Architecture一,Vocabulary(词汇):keyboard：键盘printer：打印机plotter：绘图仪diskette：软盘execute：执行screen：显示屏medium(pl.media)：媒体，介质system：

15、系统motherboard：母板，主板drive：驱动器memory board：内存板slot：插槽bus:总线bit：位interface：接口hard disk：硬盘二.Important sentences(重点句):1.M ost systems are constructed around a motherboard,which is a metalframeword containing a series of slots that are linked through a bus toan 8-or 16-bit processor.2.CPU:It is used to ca

16、rry out a variety of essential data manipulationand controlling tasks in the heart of the computer.3.M ain memory:It contains the programs the CPU is currently executingand the data these programs are operating on.4.M ass storage devices:The hard disk,floppy disk and magnetic tapedrives are called m

17、ass storage devices,which hold data for long-termstorage.5.Input/Output devices:The keyboard,CRT display(monitor),printer andXY-plotter are referred to as input/output devices.三.Exercises(练习及参考答案):1.Translate the following words and expressions into English.(1)微型计算机:microcomputer母板：motherboard插槽：slo

18、t接口：interface硬盘驱动器:hard disk drive(6)软盘驱动器：floppy disk drive2.Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.、(3)3.Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages intoChinese:、(8)4.M ultiple Choice:、Looking from outside,a microcomputer consists of a case,a keyboard,a monitor and

19、a printer.(2)、To boot up a computer,you can either do a warm boot or a cold boot.(3)、The computer can use the binary number system to represent anycharacter.By far,ASCII developed in USA,is the most widely used code.、The main memory in a computer consists of RAM and ROM.、A microcomputer has at least

20、 640 kbytes of memory.1 kbyte consistsof 1024 bytes.UN IT ON E Introduction to ComputersXI/)/7)z2345/(z(z(/(Text 5 Computer Viruses-1、Vocabulary(词汇):format：格式化shell：壳，外壳modify：修改insert：插入，嵌入extension：扩展名version：版本computer virus：计算机病毒sector：扇区intrusive virus：入侵病毒RAM (Random Access M emory)：随机存储器RAM-r

21、esident program：内存驻留程序operating system virus：操作系统病毒boot up：引导shell virus：外壳病毒source code virus：源码病毒device driver：设备驱动程序source program：源程序host program：主程序compile：编译worm virus：蠕虫病毒macro virus：宏病毒二.Important sentences(重点句)：1.Computer viruses are small programs designed to replicate(make exactcopies of

22、themselves)and spread,sometimes without giving any sign thatthey exist.2.Computer viruses can be classified by how they infect a system.Thereare four main types of viruses:shell,intrusive,operating system,andsource code.3.Shell viruses wrap themselves around a host program and do not modifythe origi

23、nal program code.4.Intrusive viruses invade an existing program and actually insert aportion of their code into the host program.5.Operating system viruses work by replacing parts of the operating systemwith their own logic.6.Source code viruses are intrusive programs that are inserted into asource

24、program such as those written in Pascal prior to the program beingcompiled.三.Exercises(练习及参考答案):1.Translate the following words and expressions into English.(1)病毒：virus)zX)/)/X)/723456z(z/lz(/lz(2恶性病毒：malicious virus外壳病毒：shell virus源代码：source code设备驱动程序:device driver传播：spreadTranslate the following

25、screen messages into Chinese.、(8)3.Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages intoChinese:、(5)4.M ultiple Choice:(1)、A、C(注：现在的杀毒软件一般都具备病毒防火墙的功能)、C5.True or False:、F(2)、F(注：如 1999年 4 月2 6 日爆发的CIH病毒就会烧毁主板或是硬盘)UN IT ON E Introduction to ComputersText 6 M ultimedia Technology一、Vocabul

26、ary(词汇):animation：动画,动画片video：视频audio：声频compact disk：光盘mouse：鼠标器sound board：声卡mixer：混声器throughput：吞吐率multimedia：多媒体graphics：图形optical storage：光存储image processing：图像处理CD-ROM drive：光盘驱动器M PC(multimedia personal computer)：多媒体个人电脑parallel：并行serial：串行joystick port：游戏操纵杆控制端口VGA(Video Graphics Array)：视频图形阵

27、列(显示卡)resolution：分辨率二、Important sentences(重点句)：1.M ultimedia,which typically refers to a synthesis of graphics,animation,optical storage,image processing,and sound,is not a singletechnology,product,or market.2.M PC stands for multimedia personal computer”.3.The requirements for an M PC are described

28、 in detail in M icrosoftsM ultimedia PC Specification Version 1.0.三、Exercises(练习及参考答案)：1.Translate the following words and expressions into English.(1)多媒体:multimedia(2)图形：graphics(3)视频：video(4)图像处理：image processing(5)动画：animation(6)光盘：compact disk3.Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 scree

29、n messages intoChinese:、(8)4.Answer the following questions briefly:(2)、OA(4)A byte consist of 8 bits.、In 1946,the first computer in the world EN I AC was developed.UN IT ON E Introduction to ComputersText 7 Compact Disk-Read Only M emory(CD-ROM)一1.Vocabulary(词汇):digital：数字的access：存取laser：激光reserve：

30、重新写入compact disk：密集盘optical disk：(=compact disk)光盘video player：影像光盘机programmed search：程序搜索memory facility：记忆功能telephone directory：电话簿postal address：邮政地址二.Important sentences(重点句)：1.N ew programs and data are burnt onto the disc surface by a powerfullaser.2.To read the information,a weaker laser is p

31、assed over the surface andthe reflected distortion from the dips forms the data which can be usedfor playback.3.There are two types(standards)of optical disks:CD-I and CD-ROM.三.Exercises(练习及参考答案):1.Translate the following words and expressions into English.(1)激光：laser(2)英 寸:inch(3)只读存储器:ROM (Read On

32、ly M emory)(4)搜索：search(5)记忆：memory(6)存取：access2.Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.、(5)3.Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages intoChinese:、(8)4.Answer the following questions briefly:、What devices are usually used as secondary memory?Answer:hard disk,flopp

33、y disk,optical disk,magnetic tape、What three categories do computer languages generally fall into?Answer:machine languages,assembly languages and high-level languages.、What is the acronym for a double density diskette?Answer:DD、How many bytes does a word in the computer consist of?Answer:1,2,4 or mo

34、re bytes.UN IT TWO Hardware and ConfigurationText 1 The Central Processing Unit(CPU)一、Vocabulary(词汇):manufacturer：制造商performance：性能megahertz(M Hz)：兆赫nanoseconds(ns)：纳秒overclocking：超频warranty：保修upgrade：升级configuration:配置,设置microcomputer：微型计算机arithmetic and logic unit(ALU)：算术/逻辑部件(运算器)instruction coun

35、ter：指令计数器decoder:译码器super-mini-computers：超级小型机numerically coded instruction：数字化编码的指令high-speed storage：高速存储器primary storage：(=main memory)主存储器microprocessor-CPU based systems：以微处理器为 CPU 的基本系统video-arcade game：电子游戏digital TV：数字电视二.Important sentences(重点句)：1.The operations of a computer system are con

36、trolled by the CPU,whichcontains an arithmetic and logic unit(ALU),an instruction counter anda decoder.2.The speed at which the CPU operates is called the clock speed and ismeasured in megahertz(M Hz).3.A clock cycle is the time that the CPU takes to perform instructionsat a given clock speed.4.The

37、CPU can operate at two different clock speeds:an internal speedfor operations within the CPU,and an external speed for transferring datainto and out of the CPU.5.Overclocking is a term generally used to describe how you have increasedthe clock frequency on your board to run your system at a higher s

38、peed.6.M icroprocessors have come a long way since 1971 when the firstmicroprocessor,the Intel 4004,was developed.三.Exercises(练习及参考答案):1.Translate the following words and expressions into English.(1)电子元件：electronic component(2)算术逻辑单元:arithmetic and logic unit(ALU)(3)硅片：silicon chip(4)指令计数器：instructi

39、on counter(5)时钟速度:clock speed(6)译码器：decoder2.Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.、(3)、(8)3.Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages intoChinese:、(5)、(7)4.Answer the following questions briefly:(2)To which generation do the present-day computers belong?Answer:The

40、 fourth generation.UN IT TWO Hardware and ConfigurationText 2 M emory-1、Vocabulary(词7匚)：account：银行户头generate：产生，建立subscriber：订户word：字overwrite：覆盖二、Important sentences(重点句)：1.The microcomputers memory consists of main memory and secondarystorage.2.The main memory of most computers is composed of rand

41、om access memory(RAM).3.M ain memory on the computer is used to store instructions and datatemporarily while the instructions are being executed and data are beingprocessed.三、Exercises(练习及参考答案)：1.Translate the following words and expressions into English.(1)随机存储器：Random Access M emory(RAM)(2)只读存储器:R

42、ead Only M emory(ROM)(3)主存储器：main memory(4)辅助存储器：secondary storage(5)标签：label(6)指令：instruction2.Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.、(9)3.Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages intoChinese:、(7)4.M ultiple Choice:、B(2)、B、B(4)、AUN IT TWO Hardware and Configurati

43、onText 3 The System Buses一、Vocabulary（词汇）：origin：起点destination：终点address：寻 址byte：字节nibble：半字节address-bus：地址总线register：寄存器control-bus：控制总线ISA(Industry Standard Architecture)：工业标准结构EISA(Extended Industry Standard Architecture)：扩展工业标准结构M CA(M icro Channel Architecture)：微通道结构expansion bus：扩展总线adapter：适配

44、器peripheral：外部设备faxmodem(or modem)：调制解调器graphics adapter：图形适配器N IC(N etwork Interface Card)：网络接口卡SCSI(Small Computer System Interface)：小型计算机系统接口data bus：数据总线data width：数据宽度external speed：外部速度VESA(Video Electronic Standards Association)：视频电子标准协会PCI(Peripheral Component Interconnect)：外围部件互连USB(Univers

45、al Serial B u s)：通用串行总线二.Important sentences(重点句)：1.The data bus transmits data between these units.2.The address bus is used to select the origin or destination of signalstransmitted through one of the other buses.3.Traditionally,a standard address bus has 16 lines,that is to say,it can address 64

46、KB devices(1 KB=1024 in computer jargon).4.The control-bus is used for the synchronization of the system.5.M emory is logically organized into words6.8 bits are called a byte,4 bits a nibble;there is no other specificword for other sizes of words.三.Exercises(练习及参考答案):1.Translate the following words

47、and expressions into English,data busaddress-buscontrol-bustransmit dataregisteraddress unit7)/)/)/)/x)z123456z(z(z(/(z(z(2.Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.、(9)3.Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages intoChinese:、(4)4.Put in the missing words:(1)、A comput

48、er has two kinds of memory,called main memory and secondarymemory.(2)、The most common microcomputer secondary storage medium is floppy diskand hard disk.、In the computer,a byte consists of eight bits,representing 256unique binary numbers.UN IT TWO Hardware and ConfigurationText 5 Floppy Disks一1、Voca

49、bulary(词汇)：mainframe computer：主机double density：倍密度high density：高密度extended-density：扩展密度track density：磁道密度read/write head：读/写头read/write slot：读/写槽口二.Important sentences(重点句)：1.In 1972,IBM introduced flexible diskettes as a medium for loadingprograms into mainframe computers.Because the disks were so

50、flexible,they were nicknamed floppy disk.2.Floppy disks,also called diskettes,are available in two size:3.5and 5.25 inches.3.Lower-capacity disk drives cannot read from and write to high-capacitydisks.4.Floppy disk drivers are commonly referred to as the A drive and theB drive.三.Exercises(练习及参考答案):1