冲刺2022年高考英语重点语法专题08定语从句（教师版）.pdf

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1、专题0 8定语从句（教加版）目录内容Section A真题感悟Section B知识梳理Section C课堂练习Section D课后作业Section E巩固提升1：语法填空 Section A：真题感悟1.（2020全国 I 卷）.China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spotit could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.2.（2020全国全卷）In ancient China lived an artist paintings were

2、almostlifelike.3.（2019全国 II 卷）Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop inMa c c l e s f i e l d,she opened with her late husband Les.4.（2019全国HI卷）They were well trained by their masters had great experiencewith caring for these animals.5.（2018d匕京卷）She and her family bicycle to

3、 wo r k,h e l p s them keep fit.6.（2021 天津卷）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakeswe can learn without repeating them.7.（2021 天津卷）At the Chinese art festival,there are different stands artistsdemonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.参考答案：1.where 2.whose 3.which

4、 4.who 5.which 6.from which 7.where2：短文改错1.（2020全国III卷）Understanding her good intentions,!eat all the food what is provided byMom with appreciation.2.（2020全国 II 卷）Thank you for your letter,what really made me happy.3.（2019全国 I 卷）One afternoon where I was in primary school,!was walking by the schoolp

5、layground.4.（2019全国HI卷）In the cafe,customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environmentwhat is created for them.5.（2018全国 1 卷）They also had a small pond,which they raised fish.参考答案：1.what-that 2.wha（f which S.where-when 4.what-that/which 5.在 which 前 力 口in 或 whichf where/Section B：知识梳理1：考点梳理

6、i.引导定语从句的关系词；2.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别；3.“介词+关系代词”的结构；4.关系词之间的异同及选用。考 点 1定语从句的种类(1)限制性定语从句从句在句中是不可缺少的部分,去掉后主句意思往往不明确，与主句之间不用逗号隔开。This is the house which we bought last month.(2)非限制性定语从句从句是对主句或先行词的补充和说明，去掉后不影响主句的意思，与主句之间往往用逗号隔开。The house,which we bought last month,is very nice.当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词/指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从

7、句通常是非限制性的。Charles Smith,who was my former teacher,retired last year.My house,which I bought last year,has got a lovely garden.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。He seems not to have grasped what I meant,which greatly upsets me.考 点2关系代词与关系副词关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Do you know the man who is

8、 talking with yourmother?whom,which 和th a t在从句中作宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr Smith is the person with whom I am working.The boy(whom)she loved died in the war.whose人、物 定语I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.that人、物主语、宾语A

9、plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star(that)I want to see very much.which物主语、宾语The book(which)I gave you was worth$10.The picture which was about the accident wasterrible.as人、物主语、宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.a s作宾语一般不省略关系副词w

10、hen时间时 间 状语I will never forget the day when we met there.可用 on which替换where地点地 点 状语This is the house where I was born.可用 in which替换why原因原 因 状语I cant imagine the reason why he turned down myoffer.可用 for which替换考 点3 关系代词that和which的特殊用法1.限制性定语从句中，只用关系代词that的情况：(1)先行词是 all,everything,anything,nothing,li

11、ttle,much,few 等不定代词。I will tell you everything that I know.(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。What is the first foreign city that you have ever been to?(3)先行词被 the only,the very(正好),the last,all,any,every,no,little,much,some 等限定词修饰。Chatting is the only thing that interests her.(4)先行词中既有人也有物。The things and persons

12、that they mentioned are strange to me.(5)在 which或 who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。Who is the boy that is lying under the tree?2.先行词指物时，只用关系代词which的情况：(1)“介词+关系代词”结构中。The house in which we live is very large.(2)非限制性定语从句中。He changed his mind,which made me angry.(3)先行词本身是thatoWhat is that which you have put into your

13、 schoolbag just now?考点4限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别类别语法意义及特征例句限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开The accident happened at thetime when I left.非限制性定语从句对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不是十分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语,不能用that引导，关系代词作宾语时也不能省略His mother,whom he loveddeeply,died ten years ago.考点5关系代词as和 wh

14、ich的区别1.位置不同。a s引导的定语从句可位于句首、句中、句末；which引导的定语从句不能位于句首。As we all know,life is not a bed of roses.Life is not a bed of roses,which we all know.2.意义不同。as意 为“正如，就像”，引导的从句表达人的观点、事物的习惯性等意义，主要起承上启下的作用；which意 为“这一点”，引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句，补充说明主句的状态或结果。As often happened,they won the football game again.It rained

15、heavily,which prevented us from going out.3.当先行词被such,so,as等词修饰时，一般用a s引导定语从句。Such books as you want are sold out.Section C：课堂练习一、单句改错|J，Q1.They also had a small pond which they raised fish.2.The old temple that roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.3.There are three people in my family and

16、I m the only one child,who is common inChinese families.4.1 will never forget the day on that we went to buy guitars in the guitar store.5.The students and things which you spoke of are known to us.6.1 have three foreign teachers,two of them are from Canada.7.1 finally knew the reason what she didn,

17、t talk to me and comforted her.8.1 made friends with the daughter of my home-stay family,which was a college student.9.You can also make more Chinese friends,they will tell you a lot about China and help youlearn Chinese.10.At the same time,another student,that saw everything,went up to help.参考答案：1.

18、which 改为 where 或在其前加 in 2.that 改为 whose 3.who 改为 which/as 4.that改为 which 5.which 改为 that 6.them 改为 whom 或在 two 前加 and 7.what 改为 why 8.which改为who 9.they改为who或在其前加and 10.that改为who二、单句语法填空1.China Today attracts a worldwide r e a d e r s h i p,s h o w s that more and morepeople all over the world want t

19、o learn about China.2.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme,one o f purposes is torelieve worldwide starvation.3.Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard is speaking to the students?4.Its helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.5.Last Sunday I bough

20、t some books from the bookstore,three of were English novels.6.Who is the girl is wearing a red coat?7.I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.8.I wish to thank Professor Smith,without help I would never have got this far.9.Ifs one of the few countries people drive on the lef

21、t.10.The number of s mo k e r s,i s reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.参考答案：1.which 2.whose 3.who/that 4.where 5.which 6.that 7.whose 8.whose 9.where 10.as/whichSection D：课后作业一、单句改错1.Actually,it is important fbr us to communicate with our parents because they are thedearest people i

22、n our life,whom care for us all the time.2.Take part in activities at school,through what you can establish more friendships.3.I am writing to complain about a sweater and a pair of shoes what I bought from your shoplast month.4.Whatever is left may be put into the refrigerator,when it will keep for

23、 two or three weeks.5.My house is about three kilometers away from Xi an Moslem Street where is full of localfoods.6.The days are gone that physical strength was all you needed to make a living.7.First,the place where we ve decided to visit is not far away from the city.8.Many countries are now sett

24、ing up national parks which animals and plants can beprotected.9.The prize will go to the writer who story shows the most imagination.0.Last month,part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods,from which effects the peopleare still suffering.参考答案：1.whom 改为 who 2.what 改为 which 3.去掉 what 或将其改为 which/tha

25、t 4.when 改为 where 5.where 改为 which/that 6.that 改为 when 7.去掉 where 或将其改为 which/that 8.which 改为 where 或在其前加 in 9.who 改为 whose 10.which 改为whose二：语法填空1.Sales director is a position communication ability is just as important assales skills.2.This is the very dictionary I want to buy.3.In our school there

26、 are 2,000 students,about two fifths of are girls.4.She came with three girls,none of I had ever met before.5.The only thing is slower than before is the way we drive.6.The artist was very proud of his creation and called it the best painting hehad ever done.7.To the Egyptians,green is a color repre

27、sents the hope and joy of spring.8.She dreamed of the day the manager of the supermarket would say to herwith a smile,Madam,this is your lucky day.Everything in your basket is free.9.The police must give the suspect the reasons they are arresting him and tellhim his rights under the law.10.She is la

28、te,i s often the case参考答案：1.where 2.that 3 whom 4.whom 5.that 6.that 7.which/that 8.when 9.why 10.as/whichSection E：巩固提升1：语法填空/l.She brought with her three friends,none o f I had ever met before.2.It was on the farm we worked that I got to know her.3.A person e-mail account is full won t be able to

29、send or receive any e-mails.4.You should read only such books you can understand without much difficulty.5.Today,we,1 1 discuss a number of cases beginners of English fail to use thelanguage properly.6.The reason he wants to sell his house is that he needs a lot of money for hisoperation.7.Eric rece

30、ived training in computer for one year,after he found a job in a bigcompany.8.She was pleased with the way he had accepted her criticism.9.We shouldn t spent our money testing so many people,most o f arehealthy.At the age other people retire,Francis began the greatest cause in his life.lO.They talke

31、d of things and persons they remembered in the school.参考答案：l.whom 2.where 3.vvhose 4.as 5.where 6.why 7.which8.that 9.whom;when lO.that2：短文改错1 .This is the longest train which I have ever seen.2.Which we all know,swimming is a very good sport.3.The radio set which I bought it last week has gone wron

32、g.4.The day will come which the people all over the world will win liberation.5.He is a man of great experience,from who much can be learned.6.Chapin,fbr who money is now no problem,starts a new film company with his friends.7.It was a meeting that importance I didn t realize at that time.8.They hav

33、e decided to stay at home,that is,I think,a wise choice.9.r 1 1 tell you all what he told me last week.lO.His parents wouldn,t let him marry anyone whom family was poor.参考答案：Lwhichf that l.Which-As 3,去掉 it 4.vvhich-*vvhen5.wh（）f whom fi.who-whom T.that-whose 8.that-*which9.what-*that lO.whom-whose3：

34、篇章训练(A)Linqing City is connected to Beijing,over 400 kilometers away,through its tribute(贡品)bricks.Linqing tribute bricks,or Gong Bricks,were transported to the countrys capital throughthe Grand Canal fbr the (construct)of historical buildings like the Forbidden City.Localpeople call the type of bri

35、ck a legend 2 flows from the Grand Canal.This legend _ 3(list)as an example of national cultural heritage on June 14,2008.Linqing sits at the confluence(交汇处)of the Weihe River and the Grand Canal,makingtransportation very 4(convenience).During the Ming and Qing(1368-1912)dynasties,Linqing was a larg

36、e important city _ 5a population of over one million.Linging tribute bricks earned their reputation during the MingDynasty,when they were 6(wide)used for imperial buildings.Apart from the transportlinks,the quality of the brick is one factor to make 7 famous.The Lianhua soil in Linging is 8 ideal ra

37、w material for bricks.The city is located inthe plain of the Yellow River.So when the Yellow River floods,there will always be a layer offine sandy soil 9(cover)the local soil.Over time,a layer of sandy soil and a layer of claywill form an overlapping structure,known as,Lianhua Linging tribute brick

38、s 10(make)ofthis soil will not be out of shape easily.参考答案：1.考查名词。句意：临清贡砖，或称宫破，通过大运河运往首都，用于建造历史建筑，如紫禁城。分析句子结构the 1(construct)o f.此处应该用名词形式，作介词for的宾语，所给词construct是动词，其名词是construction。故填construction。2.考查定语从句。句意：当地人称这种砖为源自大运河的传说。此处是限定性定语从句，a legend是先行词，指物，在后面的定语从句中作主语，由关系代词that或 which引导。故填 that 或 which

39、o3.考查动词时态及语态。句意：这个“传说”于 2008年 6 月 14日被列为国家文化遗产。这里在描述过去发生的事情，且主语This legend”和谓语动词list之间是被动关系，所以句子用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was listedo4.考查形容词。句意：临清地处渭河与京杭大运河的交汇处，交通十分便利。固定搭配：make+宾语+宾语补足语，此处是形容词作宾语补足语，所给词convenience是名词，其形容词是 convenient。故填 convenient5.考查介词。句意：明清时期(1368-1912),临清是一个人口超过一百万的重要城市。固定搭配：with a populati

40、on o f 有.人口”，其中with的意思是“具有，和.在一起故填witho6.考查副词。句意：陵贡砖在明朝时赢得了声誉，当时它们被广泛用于帝王建筑。此处 used是动词，由副词修饰，所给词wide是形容词，其副词是widely。故填widely。7.考查代词。句意：除了交通便利，砖的质量也是让它出名的一个因素。此处用代词i t,指代前面的the bricko故填it。8.考查冠词。句意：岭南的“莲花土”是一种理想的制砖原料。此处泛指“一种理想的原料”，且 ideal是以元音音素开头的词，应用不定冠词an“故填an。9.考查非谓语动词。句意：所以当黄河泛滥时，总会有一层细沙覆盖在当地的土壤上

41、。sandy soil和 cover之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填covering。10.考查非谓语动词。句意：用这种土壤制成的砖不容易变形。固定短语：be made。产由制成”，此 处 bricks和 make之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填made。(B)One of my classmates got a scholarship for his wonderful performance at school in last year.As further as I know,50%of his scholarship is spent on daily me

42、als.And I bought a newsmartphone with another 30%.He thought that it was common for a student use a smartphone atschool.In additional,he took 12%out of the scholarship to treat other student.The rest of hisscholarship,8%of the total,went on his favorite books.Personal,I think it is unnecessary forst

43、udents to have a smartphone of their own.In all,at present our main task is to study.We hadbetter spend money wise.参考答案：1.考查介词。句意：我的一个同学因去年在学校的出色表现而获得奖学金。last year单独作时间状语，前面不用介词，in是多余的。故删去last前的in。2.考查固定短语。句意：据我所知，他将一半的奖学金都花在吃饭上了。固定短语“as faras I know”译为“据 我 所 知 故 将 further改为far。3.考查时态。句意见上一题。根据全文时态可

44、知，本文讲述过去发生的事实，需要用一般过去时。故将is改为waso4.考查代词。句意：他用另外30%的钱买了一部新的智能手机。根据句意可知，此处表达“我的同学用他的奖学金买了手机“，所以需要用h e 来作句子的主语（上文 的 h is表明是男同学）。故将I 改为he。5.考查不定式。句意：他认为学生在学校使用智能手机是很常见的。在 固 定 句 型 Itis/was+adj+for（of）sb.to do sth.中，it作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。故在use前加to。6.考查固定短语。句意：此外，他还从奖学金中拿出12%用于款待其他的学生。固定搭配 in addition 译为“此外。故将

45、 additional 改为 addition7.考查名词单复数。句意见上一题。other后要跟可数名词复数形式，故将student改为students o8.考查副词。句意：就我个人而言，我认为学生没有必要拥有自己的智能手机。此处需要用副词personally（就我而言）作状语来修饰整句话。故将Personal改为Personally9.考查固定短语。句意：毕竟，我们目前的主要任务是学习。根据句意可知，此处表达“毕竟”含义，故用固定搭配after all译为“毕竟”。将 In 改为After。10.考查副词。句意：我们最好精打细算。修饰动词spend要用副词wisely。故将wise改为 wisely。