中考英语专项复习—阅读理解.pdf

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1、中考英语专项复习一阅读理解阅读理解题题材众多、体裁多样，它是中考中份量最重的题型。阅读理解题主要考查同学们运用基础知识和基本技能来分析问题、解决问题的能力。从考查的题型上来说，阅读理解可分为：选择型阅读理解；判断正误型阅读理解；任务型阅读理解（还原型、匹配型、问答型、完成表格型、完成句子型等等）。下面我们就来谈谈这几种类型的阅读理解的特点及解题技巧。中考真题例析1.选择型阅读理解这类是最常见的阅读理解题，它主要针对以下几个方面进行考查：文章的个别词或句子的理解；文章的某个细节或情节；文章的主题；文章的结论或结局；文章内涵的隐义或寓意等。对考查文章细节的题目比较简单，只要通读全文，从文章中找出所

2、述的重要事实或细节就可以找到答案。对考查文中生词或关键词的题目，要求充分理解上下文，甚至全篇内容，仔细分析之后，方可作答。对考查文章的中心、标题等的题目，我们若想正确作答，就要善于发现文章的主题句和主题词。一般来说，文章的主题句常在文章的开头或结尾。还有每段的段首句，由howeverbut等引导的句子，我们也不可忽视，它们常会给我们提供重要的信息，帮助我们理解文章大意。然而有些题必须根据文章内容进行逻辑推理后才能得到正确答案。如：根据文中所提供的基本事实，以时间关系、因果关系、条件关系等进行分析判断；根据自己所掌握的历史、地理、天文、文学等知识进行推理判断；或者运用一些数学知识，进行加减乘除等

3、运算后，方可得出正确答案。做选择型阅读理解题时，我们还要注意一些解题技巧：1.先把短文大致浏览一遍，了解文章大意。2.浏览短文后面的做题要求，然后带着问题再去阅读，边阅读边解题。这样做一方面有助于对文章的进一步理解，另一方面可以有针对性地从文章中寻找答案。3.快速复读短文，检查自己的理解是否正确，所选答案是否前后矛盾，最后确定答案。（2008陕西）Youre going to high school,arent you?Maybe you dont know what to do.Well,heres alist of the top six things to do when youre i

4、n high school.These things will give you ideas ofwhat your high school life could be like.Here you go!Find your passion（激情）and what kind of person you are:Whether its dance,basketball,or drawing,the important thing is that you have found something you are interested in.Talk to people you wouldnl usu

5、ally talk to:Meet new people,find new friends and eventalk to the people you dont like.It will show what a great person you are.You never know whatwill happen after high school.Take part in at least one contest:This will give you tears of laughter,happiness andmemories.Get a job:This will help you s

6、ee what its like to have responsibility（责任）.It can alsohelp you make a little money to spend on yourself.Take a trip with your friends:It doesnt matter where you go or what you do,the memorieswill happen on the way and go on till the final place.(6)Do your best at school:Donl ever get lazy.Working h

7、ard now will help you in the future.()1.The writer mainly tells you six things you should do.A.in your high school yearsB.at the beginning of your high school yearsC.before your high school beginsD.after you finish your high school()2.The writer gives you advice that you should talk to the people yo

8、u dont like becauseA.you will feel sorry if notB.it will show how great you areC.you can show how clever you areD.you can make your study better()3.From Point,we learn that you can in a contest.A.get lots of tearsB.have a strong bodyC.get good grades in high schoolD.have different feelings and memor

9、ies()4.Which of the following had you better not do according to the passage?A.Find your interest.B.Get a job.C.Take a trip with your friends.D.Get lazy.()5.Whats the main idea of the passage?A.Have a happy school life.B.How to get along with your schoolmates.C.Ideas of successful high school life.D

10、.Make your school life easy.1.Ao 细节题。由原文“Well,heres a list of the top six things to do when youre in highschool.可知答案。2.Bo 细节题。由原文“It will show what a great person you are.”可知答案。3.D o 细节题。的意思是“至少参加一项竞赛：这将给你含笑的眼泪、幸福和记忆选 项 D“有不同的情感和记忆”与之相符。4.D o细节题。选项A 和相符，选项B 和相符，选项C 和相符，原文中提到“Don*ever get lazy，所以D 项与

11、原文不符。5.Co 推断主旨大意题。These things will give you ideas of what your high school life couldbe lik e.是该文的中心句，然后分6 小段来进一步讲述高中生应该做的一些事情。所以选Co2.判断正误型阅读理解这类阅读题也是中考阅读理解中常考题型之一。做题时：(1)先读懂短文，理解短文的大意和脉络；(2)对每一道题进行判断时，一定要从文章的具体段落或句子中找到依据，并进行认真比较分析，不能凭印象想当然；（3）对有些似是而非的句子，一定要认真识别，只有完全符合文章意思的方可判定为正确。(2008上海)Michelle

12、was flying from Houston to London,and during the flight,she began talking toJohn,the man in the seat next to her.She found out that he was president of a famous jeanscompany based in Texas;in fact,she was wearing a pair of blue jeans from his company!But thatwasnt the most surprising thing.He had li

13、ved in San Francisco when he was in high school,and itturned out that he knew Michelles best friend,who also grew up in San Francisco!Theycontinued talking.And by the end of the flight,they felt that they had known each other for muchlonger than eight hours.But back in Houston,Michelle almost forgot

14、 about the attractive man she had met on theplane.One evening,she was walking her dog when a much larger dog came running toward them,growling.The owner was running after it,shouting.He managed to catch the dog just as it wasgoing to attack Michelles dog.Michelle was very angry.tWhy dont you keep yo

15、ur dog on aleash(拴狗带)?”she shouted.Then suddenly,she looked at him and stopped shouting.ttJohn?“Michelle?”they said at the same time.Michelle said,Do you live around here?I live on the nextstreet.”I dont believe it,“John said.In a city of two million people,you live three blocks fromme!And in the en

16、d,as had to happen,Michelle and John began going out together-all becauseof seats on an airplane and their dogs.()1.Michelle and John were on the same flight from Houston to London one day.()2.Michelle was wearing a pair of blue jeans made by Johns company.()3.During their talk,they found they used

17、to be schoolmates in San Francisco.()4.Michelles dog attacked Johns when the two owners happened to see each other.()5.From the story we learn that Michelle and John met again in San Francisco.()6.In the end,Michelle and John decided they would never see each other again.解析一般来说，判断正误题以考查细节为主，作出的判断句需要

18、在原文中找出证据才能得出结论。1.T o 由文章首句可以得知，Michelle和 John在同一次航班。2.To 由文章第一段中in fact,she was wearing a pair of blue jeans from his company 可知，该题正确。3.F o 文中第一段第三句提到John认识Michelle的好朋友，但并没有说他们曾是校友，所以该题表述错误。4.F。文章第二段第四句的意思是：正当John的狗要袭击Michelle的狗的时候，John设法抓住了他的狗。由此可以看出，Michelle的狗并没有袭击John的狗，所以该题表述错误。5.F。由文章第一段第一句和第二段

19、第一句，我们可以得知Michelle和 John是在Houston相遇的，所以该题表述错误。6.F。由文章最后一句，我们可以得知该题表述错误。3.匹配型阅读理解匹配型阅读理解题的主要目的是考查考生快速阅读，获取信息和处理信息的能力。该类题的突出特点是：情景内容具体；人物角色明确；任务定位合理、针对性强。做这类阅读理解题时：(1)把问题和备选项浏览一遍，总体把握其内容及主题。(2)抓住关键信息点，首先选择出答案非常直观的选项.如果有两个选项似乎都可以,不妨暂时把两个都记下来，等其他的得出结论，再推敲这个问题。(3)读懂、弄清匹配项与语段之间的条件、范围等，有的条件有多个，范围有大有小,要列出要点

20、，对比与其他匹配项的异同，排除干扰项，从而选定条件、要点都相一致的一项。(4)可用笔画出关键点，以便引起注意、理顺思路同时，对已选的匹配项，可用笔标明，以便减少混乱，提高解题速度。(2008广东汕头)请阅读以下左栏人员的相关信息，然后与右栏的广告相匹配。并将最佳选项的字母编号填写在指定位置上。()1.Lanlan is a lovelyand kind girl.She hopes thatshe can help the childrenwho lose chances to go toschool.()2.Liu Hong is goingback to her hometown fort

21、he summer vacation.Shewill buy a camera.She willtake some photos and showthem to her classmateswhen she returns.()3.Mr.and Mrs.Smithwant to have a relaxingholiday out of the busy city.They like to stay in aclassical building.()4.Jim is veryinterested in pandas but heknows little about them.Hewants t

22、o borrow somebooks on pandas.()5.Mr.Lu will pay 60yuan to see an Americanmovie with his son.A.Wickets HotelA 200-year-old country house in the country south to the city ofRome with 30 bedrooms.Three meals provided a day.Open allyear round.B.City LibraryThe largest library in the area with over 70,00

23、0 books of differentkinds in it.Two big reading-rooms which can hold 2,000 readers.Open from 9:00 am to 7:00 pm,Monday to Saturday.C.Sunny MuseumAn art show from August 1st to 20th.Over 300 paintings byworld-famous artists will be shown in it.D.ConcertA concert in Jinma Theater on July 10th.Some fam

24、ous singers inChina will sing in the concert.The money for the tickets will beused for the poor children.E.Singing CompetitionThe House of Culture of the city will hold a singing competition inOctober.Those who like singing can take part in the competition.F.Dadi Cinema“Snow White”,a cartoon by Disn

25、ey,will be shown in Dadi Cinemanext Sunday.Ticket Price:40.（Half for children）G.Canon Digital（数码）CameraA Canon digital camera with 8 million pels（像素）is on sale for2,500 yuan in Tianhe Supermarket in Guangzhou.解析：1.D o 左拦中提到“兰兰想帮助失去上学机会的孩子们”，而右栏D 项中提到演唱会所得“卖票的钱将会用于穷孩子们”，所以与D 项正好相配。2.Go左栏中提到“She will

26、buy a cam era.（她将买一台相机）”，和右栏G 项“Canon DigitalCamera（佳能数码相机）”相配。3.A 左栏中提到“他们想呆在一座古典建筑物里”，和右栏A 项中提到的“A200-year-oldhouse（一所200年的房子）”相符合。4.B。左栏中提到“他想借一些关于大熊猫的书”，与右栏B 项“City Library（城市图书馆）”相符。5.F。左栏中提到“卢先生将和他的儿子付60元看一部美国影片，右栏中F 项提到的“SnowWhite”是美国迪斯尼卡通片，票价：成人40元，儿童20元，正好相符4.任务型阅读理解有的任务型阅读理解以完成表格或回答问题的形式完成

27、多种任务，如：归纳大意、理解情节、翻译、连词成句等等。是集阅读、词法、句法、翻译于一体的综合性题目，是对同学们读、写、译综合水平的检测。该题型充分体现了语言的综合性、应用性等特点，具有很强的创新性和导向性。在做此类题时要注意以下几点：（1）认真审题，理解题意。任务型阅读前一定要看清题目要求，弄清题目要求完成几项任务，是什么类型的任务。（2）浏览全文，掌握大意。快速浏览全文，弄清文章的语篇结构、各段大意和关键词，然后结合任务中的表格或其他形式，把文章各段对应起来，更好地把握解题思路和方向。（3）研究题目，完成任务。在理解语篇的基础上，找出文章各段或分散在全文的对应的信息点，找到准确的信息完成填空

28、。（4）注意结构和形式。填写时要注意所填单词的结构和形式：看是否与表格中所给的形式相同；注意单词的拼写、短语的搭配、所填单词的词性是否符合题目要求；及字母的大小写是否正确。翻译时要根据上下文，且与汉语语言习惯相联系，不要逐句“死译”。在回答问题时，要根据题目的要求抓住关键词简要回答。（5）复读文章检查任务。（2008山东烟台）“My son had always considered me a hero,Li Guolin,a policeman,told Wuhan EveningNews,“I am rather proud of that.”True to his sons expect

29、ations,Li has become a savior（救星）for students,teachers and theearthquake victims at Beichuan Middle School.Lis 15-year-old son was trapped together withother schoolmates under the rubble（废墟）of the fallen-down school building after Mondaysquake.tfcI asked the rescuers（）to start from the ones who were

30、 easier to be saved than myson,“the 43-year-old Li said,holding back his tears.His call saved many lives,but his own sondid not survive.Beichuan County is one of the hardest-hit areas in the deadly quake that struck SichuanProvince.Li said he was at a meeting in his office when the quake struck on M

31、onday.Togetherwith seven others,Li started leaving the building.可是，他们还没来得及跑出去，大楼就倒塌了。Thanks to his survival training he learned when he was a soldier,Li protected his head and hidin the corner of a toilet.He managed to escape with only slight injuries in his head,hands and ears.Then he began to look

32、 for people who were still living,and he found only three people,heavilyinjured.Their three-story office building was completely destroyed.At the same time his son,Liwang Ziguo,was still at school.When he finally reached his sons school,he first saw studentscrying on the playground.“Liwang Ziguo!Whe

33、re are you?”the father cried out.“Dad!I am here.Come and help me!”the boy answered.At last Li found out his sons position among the broken pieces,but without rescueequipment（救援设备），Li and other rescuers could only dig at the rubble with their bare hands（徒手）.Lis son lay more than 10 meters deep under

34、the rubble.At that moment,there was stillhope of saving the boys life if Li started digging.But Li had to give it up because there weresome others lying under the rubble and they were much easier to reach.Liwang Ziguos cries forhelp disappeared as noon came near on Tuesday.When the boy was finally d

35、ug out earlyWednesday morning,he had already stopped breathing.But his heroic father had rescued morethan 30 people.根据文章内容完成下列任务。将文中画线部分的英语译成汉语。1.将文中汉语翻译成英语。2.根据短文内容和实际情况回答下列问题。3.How did Li protect himself and survive the earthquake?4.Why could the rescuers only dig at the rubble with their bare han

36、ds?5.What can you do to show your love for the people in Beichuan?解析：1.我要求救援人员先开始营救那些比我儿子更容易救的孩子们。本句主体结构是 ask sb.to do sth.,who were easier to be saved than my son 作定语从句，修饰 the oneso2.But the building fell down before they could get out.在翻译前，可以先试着列出关键词或词组，如这句话的关键词组“倒 塌(fall down)”“跑 出 去(getout)”；然后再

37、判断一下前后两句的关系，选用一个适当的连词连接起来这两个句子，在这里需要一个连词beforeo3.(Thanks to his survival training he learned when he was a soldier,)Li protected his head andhid in the comer of a toilet.根据原文第三段第五句即可直接找出答案。4.Because there were(they didn?t have)no rescue equipment.由原文最后一段第一句可知答案。5.We can donate money and school things to them.(答案不惟一)