2023届高考英语语法专题：状语从句.pdf

《2023届高考英语语法专题：状语从句.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2023届高考英语语法专题：状语从句.pdf（11页珍藏版）》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、一、时间状语从句要点：时间状语从句，由以下连词引导：when while as after before as soon as since till/until by the time 在时间状语从句中,要注意时态致。一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。1.when当。的时候Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.（当）莫扎特的时候，开始写音乐作品。2.while当时He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.他在旅途中参观了许多地方。3.as在。的同时

2、；一边。一边。He smiled as he stood up.他一边站起来一边笑着。4.after在之后He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.前几天做完作业之后回的家。5.before 在。之前Mr.Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.布朗先生来这之前已经在一家银行里工作一年了。6.as soon as*oo oWe began to work as soon as we got there.我们一到那就开始工

3、作。I will write to you as soon as I get home.我一到家就给你写信。7.since自 以 来 到现在表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前（说话时间）为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago.自格林先生来中国以来，他就在这所学校教书。（还可以用作介词，本句从句还可以用短语：since three years ago（自三年前以来）表示。）8 till/until都可以作连词，连接时间状语，也可以作介

4、词，与其它词构成介词短语，在句中作状语。They walked till/until it was dark.他们一直走到天黑。Xiao Ming didn*t leave home till/until his father came back.小明直到他爸爸回来才离开家。9.by the tim e到 为 止（所在句子的主句应用完成时）By the time he gets there,his father has already gone.他到家的时候，他爸爸己经走了。By the time I got to school,the class had already began.我到校时

5、，已经开始上课了。时间状语从句（adverbial clause of time）1 .由when,while,as引导的时间状语从句。例如：When you think you know nothing,then you begin to know something.当你以为自己无所知的时候，你就是在开始知道一些事物了。When truth is buried under the ground it grows,it chokes,it gathers such an explosive force that on theday it bursts out,it blows up ever

6、ything w计 h 当真理被埋在地下的时候，它在生长，它感到压抑，它蓄存着这么一种爆炸性力量，一旦冒出，它就会炸破一切！Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。Will you watch my clothes while I have a swim.我游泳的时候，请你照看一下我的衣服。You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it.当你的手在空气中挥动的时候，你就能感觉到空气在流动。Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.我们的校长边谈边笑。when,whil

7、e和 as的区别when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时工例如：When she came in,I stopped eating.她进来时,我在吃饭。（瞬时动词）When I lived in the countryside,I used to carry some water for him.当的住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词）We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。W hile引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对

8、应）。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如：While my wife was reading the newspaper,I was watching TV.（was reading 是延续性的动词,was reading和 was watching同时发生）I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。（对比）A s表示“一边一边”，a s 引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；a s 也可以强调“一先一后。例如：We always sing as we wak.我们总

9、是边走边唱。（as表示“一边.一边”）As we was going out,it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）as when while 的辨析as when while都表示主、从句动作同时发生，三者差异如下：表示“一边。一边”的意思a s 强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时用于发生时间较段时when1、还可以表示从句动词的动作在主几句动词的动作 之前 或 之后 发生。2、when=and then;at that moment（正在那个时候）while 1 用于时间较长时2、强调两个动作同时进行，

10、并表示对比时有时这三个连词可以互换，有时不可以。It was raining hard when（as）I got there.我到那里时，正在下大雨。（动作同时发生，when可换为as,但不能换为w hile,因为get是点动词.）When I had read the article,he called me.我看完这篇文章之后，她给我打了电话。（从句动作发生在主句之前，注意时态表达，只能用when）When I got to the cinema,the film had begun.（当）我到了电影院时，电影己经开演了。（从句的动作发生在主句之后，只能用when,并要注意时态）He w

11、as about to leave,when the telephone rang.他正要离开，忽然电话响了。（此时不能放在句首。主句动词一般表达“正在”“即将”.while,as不能代替She thought I was talking about her daughter,while,in fact,I was talking about my daughter.他以为我在谈她女儿，然而，实际上在谈论我女儿。（表转折，对比，when,as都不能代替它）While the alien was buying a souvenir,the girl called the police.外星人买纪

12、念品时，那女孩给警察打了电话。（表示主句，从句的动作同时发生，while后引导的状语从句的动词必须是延续动词不能是点动词，因为它表示较长时间）Mother was worried because little Alice was ill,especially as（when/while）father was away.妈妈担心，因为小爱丽丝病了，特别是他父亲不在家的时候。（此时as,when,while可通用）2.由before和 after引导的时间状语从句。注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时

13、间关系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。例如：It will be four days before they come back.他们要过四天才能回来。Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。My father had left for Canada just before the letter arriv

14、ed.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。They had not been married four months before they were divorced.他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。After you think it over,please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。After we had finished the work,we went home.完成工作之后，我们回家了。（从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时）3.由till或 until引导的时间状语从句。till和 until一般情况下两者可以互换，

15、但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。例如：I didnt go to bed until（till）my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。I didnt work until he

16、 came back.他回来我这才开始工作。Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。4.由since引导的时间状语从句。since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is+时间+since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时，例如：I have been in Beijing since you le ft.自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。Where have you been since I last saw you?自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了？It i

17、s four years since my sister lived in Beijing.我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。知识扩展1.It is since从。以来多长时间了(因为since+从句或名词，表示一段时间)It is five years since we met last Mme.从我们上次见面已经五年了。2.It is+before.(coo 才)It was a long time before I went to sleep again.过了很长时间我才睡

18、着。It was an hour before(=until)the police arrived.过了一个小时，警察才来。5.由 as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the instant,the minute,等引导的时间状语从句。这些连词都表示“一就”。例如：I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast.吃完早饭，我立即到那里去。The moment I heard the news,I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息、，马上赶到了出

19、事地点。As soon as I reach Canada,I will ring you u p.我到加拿大，就给你来电话。【注意】hardly(scarcely,rarely).when/before,no sooner.than 相当于 as soon as 之意。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当 hardly,scarcely,rarely和 no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。例如：He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.他刚至ij家，就被邀请开始另一旅程

20、。No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起，他就起床劳动去了。Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下，他就进来了。He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感至ij肩膀上被轻轻一触。6.由by the time引导的时间状语从句。注意时态的变化：在一般情况下，如

21、果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。例如：By the time you came back,I had finished this book.到你回来时，我已经写完这本书了。By the time you come here tomorrow,I will have finished this work.你明天来这儿的时候,我将已经完成此工作了。7.由each time,every time和 whenever引导的时间状语从句。例如：Each time he came to Harbin,he would c

22、all on m e.他每次来哈尔滨，总是来看我。Whenever that man says“To tell the truth5,I suspect that he*s about to tell a lie.每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候，我猜想他就要说谎了。You grow younger every time I see you.每次遇到你，见你更年轻了。8.由as long as和 so long as引导的时间状语从句。这两个连词表示“有多久就多久”。例如：You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark.

23、你可以随意到哪里去，只要在天黑以前回来就行。I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body!只要我一息尚存，我就要反对这种境况。二地点状语从句地点状语从句(adverbial clause of place)地点状语从句一般由连接副词where,wherever等引导，已经形成了固定的句型，要点：由连词where和复合关系词wherever(=no matter where)引导.例如：句型1：Where+地点从句，(there)+主 句。【注意】此句型通常译成 哪里哪里就”；主句在从句

24、后面时，there可用可不用；如果主句在从句的前面时，一般都不用there。例如:Where there is no rain,farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的，或根本不可能的。They were good persons.Where they went,there they were warmly welcomed.他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。You should have put the book where you found it.你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。Where the Communist

25、Party of China goes,there the people are liberated.哪里有了 中国共产党，哪里人民得解放。句型2：Anywhere/wherever+地点从句，+主句。【注意】anywhere本身是个副词，但是，常可以引导从句，相当于连词，意思相似于wherever,anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。而wherever本身就是个连词，表示“在何处，无论何处”。例如：Wherever the sea is,you will find seamen.有海就有海员。知识扩展1 .Where there is a will,there is

26、 a way.有志者事竟成。(谚语)1 .It will be mixed school where not all the children are disabled.他将是一所混合式学校，那里的儿童并不都是残疾。(在限定性定语从句中对限先行词起限定作用。)2.Wherever you go,I go too.无论你到什么地方，我都去。(wherever=no matter where)无论何处，多用于句首o3.Wherever there is smoke,there is fire.无风不起浪。(谚语)4.While she was wondering where to go,she m

27、et a policeman.疑问副词where后跟不定式，构成不定式短语.三、条件状语从句要点：表示状语从句由连词if,unless(=if not)引导。1.lf it doesn*t rain tomorrow,we will go hiking.如果明天不下雨，我们就去远足.2.You will get good grades if you study hard.如果你努力学习，就会取得好成绩.3.I will go to the party unless he goes there too.我不会去参加聚会的，除非他也去.(如果他不去，我也不去.)4.You will be late

28、 unless you leave immediately.如果你不马上走,你将会迟到的.(=lf you dont leave immediately,you will be late.)难点提示：用条件状语从句时要注意时态的正确使用，当主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时.He will not leave if it isnt fine tomorrow.一般将来时，一般现在时They are going to have a picnic if it doesnt rain next week.一般将来时，一般现在时四、原因状语从句要点：由连词because,since,as引导，也可

29、由for,now that等词引导1.1 didnt go to school yesterday because I was ill.我昨天没去上学，因为我生病了。2.Since everybody is here,lets begin our meeting.既然大家都来了，让我们开始开会吧.3.As you are in poor health,you should not stay up late.既然你身体不好，你就不该熬夜.4.1 asked her to stay to tea,for I had something to tell her.我请她留下来喝茶，因为我有事要告诉她.

30、难点-because,since,as,for,辨析1)because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since oI didn*t go,because I was afraid.Since/As the weather is so bad,we have to delay our journey.2)由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。He is absent today,because/for he is ill.H

31、e must be ill,for he is absent today.五、目的、结果状语从句要点：目的状语从句由连词that,so that,sothat,in order th at引导。结果状语从句由连词（so）that,so.that,such.that,so much/many.that 弓 I导。1.so.that如此以至于The scientisfs report was so instructive that we were all very excited.科学家的报告很有启发性，我们感到很兴奋。He always studied so hard that he made

32、great progress.他总是那么努力，结果他取得了很大的进步。2.so th a t以至，以便1 1 1 run slowly so that you can catch up with me.（目 的）我将慢慢跑以至你能赶上我。I opened the window so that fresh air might come in.（R 的）我把窗户打开以使新鲜空气可以进来。3.such.that如此 以至Ifs such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park.天气是如此的好，我们大家都想去公园玩。4.in order t

33、hat=so that:为了We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can/may make your arrangements.不久我们将会让你知道详情，以便你们能够做出安排。（目的）5.比较：so和 such其规律由so与 such的不同词性决定。such是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，s o 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。s o 还可与表示数量的形容词many,few,much,little连用，形成固定搭配。so foolish such a foolso nice a flower such a nice flo

34、werso many/few flowers such nice flowersso much/little money.such rapid progressso many people such a lot of people（so m any已成固定搭配，a lot o f虽相当于m any,但 a lot o f为名词性的，只能用such搭配。）so.that与 suchthat之间的转换既为so与such之间的转换。The boy is so young that he cant go to school.He is such a young boy that he cant go

35、to school难点+形容词或副词+形+a（an）+单数可数名词so+many或few+复数可数名词+that+much或 little+不可数名词so that,such.that都可以in order that两者皆可引导目的地状语从句和结果状语从句，当他们引导目的状语从句时，从句的谓语里常常有can,could,may,might,will,would等次。so+adj adv.+that,such+n.+th a t以上两种句型都表示结果，其中so为副词，后接形容词，副词原型，当可数名词前有many,few：不可数名词前有much,little修饰时，应采用句型：so many(fe

36、w,much,little)+n.o such为形容词，后只能接名词。这名词既可以地可数的，也可以是不可数的。如果这名词是可数，单数，则必须在名词前敬爱冠词a(an).常见的形式是:such a(beautiful)garden,such(nice)people.1 o fve had so many falls that Tm black and blue all over.我跌了很多跤，浑身数摔得清一块紫一块.2 c there are so few notebooks that I can*t give you any.笔记本太少了，我一本也给不了你.3o It is such nice

37、 weather that Id like to take a walk.天气是如此只好，以至于我想去散散步.4。Mike is so honest a man that we all believe him.麦克是如此诚实的一个人,以至于大家都相信他(=Mike is such an honest man that we all believe him.)5o The weather is so nice that Id like to take a walk.天气是如此只好，以至于我想去散散步.六、让步状语从句要点：表示让步的状语从句由连词though,although引导.难点：thou

38、gh,although当虽然讲，都不能和but连用.Although,(though).but的格式是不对的.但是他们都可以H yet(still)连用.所以 thought(although).yet(still)的格式是正确的.Wrong:Although he is rich but he is not happy.Right:Although he is rich,yet he is not happy.虽然他很富有，然而他并不快乐.Right:Although we have grown up,our parents treat us as children.Right:Althou

39、gh we have grown up,our parents still treat us as children.尽管我们已经长大了，可是我们的父母仍把我们看作小孩.although,though 辨析although不能though那样用作副词，放在句末表示强调时要用even though.1 o He is looking fit,though.但是，他看上去很健康.考点2o Even though I didnt under a word,I kept smiling.尽管我一个字也不懂，我还是一直微笑着。3。He is quite experienced,he is young,t

40、hough.尽管他很年轻，他很有经验。典型例题1）she is young,she knows quite a lot.A.When B.However C.Although D.Unless答案：C o 意为虽然她很年轻，却知道许多。2）as,though引导的倒装句as/though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。Child as/though he was,he knew what was the right thing to do.=Though he was a small child,he knew what was the right thi

41、ng to do.注意：a.句首名词不能带任何冠词。b.句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。Try hard as he will,he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.=Though he tries hard,he never seems.虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。3）ever if,even though.即使Well make a trip even though the weather is bad.4）whether.or-不管.都Whether y

42、ou believe it or not,it is true.5）no matter+疑问词 或 疑问词+后缀everNo matter what happened,he would not mind.Whatever happened,he would not mind.替换：no matter what=whateverno matter who=whoeverno matter when=wheneverno matter where=whereverno matter which=whicheverno matter how=however注意：no matter不能引导主语从句和宾

43、语从句。（错）No matter what you say is of no use now.（对）Whatever you say is of no use now.你现在说什么也没用了。（Whatever you say是主语从句）（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what theyre given,（对）Prisoners have to eat whatever theyre g iv e n.囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。七、比较状语从句要点：比较状语从句主要运用于形容词和副词的原级，比较级及最高级的句子之中。原级1.as.as 和。一样Jack is

44、as tall as Bob.捷克和汤姆一样高。2.not so(as).as 和不一样She is not so(as)outgoing as her sister.她不如她姐姐外向。比较级more.than(更)This book is more instructive than that one.这本书比那本书由教育意义。最高级I.The most.in/ofThis book is the most interesting of the three.这本书是三本中最有趣的。2.the+形容词+est.of/inThis road is the busiest street in our

45、 city.这条路是我们城市最繁忙的街道。知识扩展no more than只不过(嫌少的意思)1 o I have no more than two pens.我只有两支笔。2 Its no more than a mile to the shops.去商店不过一英里。not more than不如。；(前者不如后者)1 o Jack is not more diligent than John.捷克不如约翰勤奋。2。one of th e+名词(复数).之一(用于最高级)Han Mei is one of the best students in our school.韩梅是我们学校最好的学

46、生之一。八、方式状语从句方式状语从句通常由 as,(just)as.so.,as if,as though 引导。1)as,(just)asso引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just)asso结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是“正如“，就像“，多用于正式文体，例如：1。Always do to the others as you would be done by.你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。2o As water is to fish,so air is to man.我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。3 Just as we sweep our rooms,

47、so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。2）as if,as though两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作 仿佛似的，”好像似的，例如：1 o They completely ignore these facts as if（as though）they never existed.他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）2o He looks as

48、 if（as though）he had been hit by lighting.他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）3o It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）说明：asif/asthough也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如：1。He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。2,He cleared his throat as if to say something.他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。3o The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。