暨南大学241基础英语20102014--2021年考研专业课初试真题.pdf

《暨南大学241基础英语20102014--2021年考研专业课初试真题.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《暨南大学241基础英语20102014--2021年考研专业课初试真题.pdf（79页珍藏版）》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、暨南大军JINAN UNIVERSITY2021年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（A 卷）招生专业与代码：050205日语语言文学、050203法语语言文学考试科目名称及代码：2 41 基础英语考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸(卷)上，写在本试题上一律不给分。Part I Cloze(10 points)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choicesmarked A,B,C and D.You should choose the ONE tluit b

2、est fits into the passage and write thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.From childhood to old age,we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge ofourselves and the world about us.When humans first _ 1,they were like newborn children,unableto use this _ 2 tool.Yet once language d

3、eveloped,the possibilities for humankinds future _ 3_and cultural growth increased.Many linguists believe that evolution is _ 4_ for our ability to produce and use language.They5 that our highly evolved brain provides us _ 6 _ an innate language ability not found in lower_ 7 _,Proponents of this inn

4、ateness theory say that our _ 8_ for language is inborn,but thatlanguage itself develops gradually,9 a function of the growth of the brain during childhood.Therefore there are critical _ 10_ times for language development.Current _ 11_ of innateness theory are mixed,however,evidence supporting the e

5、xistence ofsome innate abilities is undeniable._ 12_,more and more schools are discovering that foreignlanguages are best taught in _ 13 grades.Young children often can learn several languages bybeing _ 14_ to them,while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the 15_ of their

6、first language have become firmly fixed._ 16_ some aspects of language are undeniably innate,language does not developautomatically in a vacuum.Children who have been _ 17_ from other human beings do not possesslanguage.This demonstrates that _ 18_ with other human beings is necessary for proper lan

7、guagedevelopment.Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language _ 19 than anyinnate capacities.These theorists view language as imitative,learned behavior.20,children learnlanguage from their parents by imitating them.Parents gradually shape their childs language skills byposi

8、tively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.1.A.generatedB.evolvedC.bornD.originated2.A.valuableB.appropriateC.convenientD.favorite3.A.attainmentsB.feasibilityC.entertainmentsD.evolution4.A.essentialB.availableC.reliable0.responsible5.A.confirmB.informC.claimD.con

9、vince6.A.forB.fromC.ofD.with7.A.organizationsB.organismsC.humansD.children8.A.potentialB.performanceC.preferenceD.passion9.A.asB.just asC.likeD.unlike10.A.ideologicalB.biologicalC.social.psychological11.A.reviewsB.referenceC.reactionD.recommendation12.A.In a wordB.In a senseC.IndeedD.In other words1

10、3.A.variousB.differentC.the higherD.the lower14.A.revealedB.exposedC.engaged.involved15.A.regulationsB.formationsC.rules.constitutions16.A.AlthoughB.WhetherC.SinceD.When17.A.distinguished.B.differentC.protectedD.isolated18.A.expositionB.comparisonC.contrast.interaction19.A.acquisitionB.appreciationC

11、.requirement.alternative20.A.As a resultB.After allC.In other wordsD.Above allPart II Reading ComprehensionSection A(40 points)Directions:There are 4 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked 4,B,C and D

12、.You shoulddecide on the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage,Ive been attempting to learn French for a while now,and its a slow process.Its all much harderthis time around than it was to learn English,my first langu

13、age.All this effort made me wonder ifthere were some tricks to learning a foreign language that Id been missing.It turns out that its just atricky thing to do once youre an adult.Learning language is something were bom to do.Its an instinct we have,which is proven,as oneresearch paper says.To believ

14、e that special biological adaptations are a requirement,it is enough tonotice that all the children but none of the dogs and cats in the house acquire language.As children,we learn to think,learn to communicate and intuitively pick up an understanding of grammar rules inour mother tongue,or native l

15、anguage.From then on,we learn all new languages in relation to theone we first knew the one that we used to understand the world around us for the first time ever.When it comes to learning a second language,adults are at a disadvantage.One theory of whylearning a foreign language is so hard for adul

16、ts focuses on the process we go through to do so.Robert Bley-Vroman explains in Linguistic Perspectives on Second Language Acquisition that adultsapproach learning a new language with an adult problem-solving process,rather than in the same waya child develops language for the first time.Although th

17、is means adults generally progress through the early stages of learning a languagefaster than children,people who are exposed to a foreign language first during childhood usuallyachieve a higher proficiency than those who start out as adults.Theres still hope,though.A study of secondary language pro

18、nunciation found that some learnerswho started as adults scored as well as native speakers.Its also been shown that motivation to learncan improve proficiency,so if you really want to leam a language,its not necessarily too late.21.What did the author realize from his experience of learning French?A

19、.Learning French is difficult for an adult.B.French is as difficult as English for him.C.He has missed the tips on learning French.D.It demands great efforts to learn a language.22.How are we influenced by the way we learned our mother tongue?A.We prefer to learn by understanding the grammar rules f

20、irst.B.We tend to attach more importance to listening and speaking.C.We are inclined to learn all other new languages in relation to it.D.We may unconsciously think it is the best way to learn languages.23.According to Robert Bley-Vroman,how do adults approach a new language?A.They tend to choose a

21、problem-solving process.B.They try to be exposed to a foreign environment.C.They follow the way a child learns a language.D.They start by taking language proficiency practices.24.According to the passage,what is the good news for adult learners?A.They can achieve a higher proficiency than most child

22、ren.B.They can speak the language as good as the native speakers.C.They can master a foreign language once they are motivated.D.They can improve proficiency by imitating the way kids learn.25.What is the passage mainly about?A.The differences between child learners and adult learners.B.The possible

23、difficulties language learners may come across.C.The common ways people choose to learn a foreign language.D.The disadvantages of and hopes for an adult language learner.Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disu

24、se.They see a day in thenot-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust.Other authorities,however,think the auto is here to stay.They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urbantravel in the foreseeable future.The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly

25、over the next 30 years.It should becomesmaller,safer,and more economical,and should not be powered by the gasoline engine.The car of thefuture should be far more pollution-free than present types.Regardless of its power source,the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban trafficcon

26、gestion.One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system.When the auto enters the highway system,a retractable（可伸缩的）arm will drop from the autoand make contact with a rail,which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically.Onceattached to the rail,the car will become

27、electrically powered from the system,and control of thevehicle will pass to a central computer.The computer will then monitor all of the cars movements.The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system.Thecomputer will calculate the best route,and reserve spa

28、ce fbr the car all the way to the correct exitfrom the highway.The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer（蜂鸣器）that will warnhim of his coming exit.It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000vehicles per hour,compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles tha

29、t can be carried by a present-dayhighway.26.One significant improvement in the future car will probably be.A.its driving systemB.its power sourceC.its monitoring systemD.its seating capacity27.What is the authors main concern?A.How to render automobiles pollution-free.B.How to make smaller and safer

30、 automobiles.C.How to develop an automated subway system.D.How to solve die problem of traffic jams.28.What provides autos with electric power in an automated highway system?A.A rail.B.An engine.C.A retractable arm.D.A computer controller.29.In an automated highway system,all the driver needs to do

31、is.A.keep in the right laneB.wait to arrive at his destinationC.keep in constant touch with the computer centerD.inform the system of his destination by phone30.What is the authors attitude toward the future of autos?A.Enthusiastic.B.Optimistic.C.Pessimistic.D.Cautious.Questions 31 to 35 are based o

32、n the following passage.We all know that DNA has the ability to identify individuals but,because it is inherited,thereare also regions of the DNA strand which can relate an individual to his or her family（immediate andextended）,tribal group and even an entire population.Molecular Genealogy（宗谱学）can u

33、se thisunique identification provided by the genetic markers to link people together into family trees.Pedigrees（家谱）based on such genetic markers can mean a breakthrough for family trees whereinformation is incomplete or missing due to adoption,illegitimacy or lack of records.There are manycommuniti

34、es and populations which have lost precious records due to tragic events such as the fire inthe Irish courts during Civil War in 1921 or American slaves for whom many records were never keptin the first place.The main objective of the Molecular Genealogy Research Group is to build a database contain

35、ingover 100,000 DNA samples from individuals all over the word.These individuals will have provideda pedigree chart of at least four generations and a small blood sample.Once the database has enoughsamples to represent the world genetic make-up,it will eventually help in solving may issuesregarding

36、genealogies that could not be done by relying only on traditional written records.Theoretically,any individual will someday be able to trace his or her family origins through thisdatabase.In the meantime,as the database is being created,molecular genealogy can already verify possibleor suspected rel

37、ationships between individuals.t4For example,if two men sharing the same last namebelieve that they are related,but no written record proves this relationship,we can verify thispossibility by collecting a sample of DNA from both and looking for common markers（in this casewe can look primarily at the

38、 Y chromosome（染色体）explains Ugo Perego,a member of the BYUMolecular Genealogy research team.31.If two men suspected for some reason they have a common a n c e s t o r,.A.we can decide according to their family treeB.we can find the truth from their genetic markersC.we can compare the differences in t

39、heir Y chromosomeD.we can look for written records to prove their relationship32.People in a large area may possess the same DNA thread be c a us e.A.DNA is characteristic of a regionB.they are beyond doubt of common ancestryC.DNA strand has the ability to identify individualsD.their unique identifi

40、cation can be provided via DNA33.Which of the following CANNOT be inferred from the passage?A.We are a walking,living,breathing record of our ancestors.B.Many American slaves did not know who their ancestors were.C.An adopted child generally lacks enough information to prove his identity.D.Molecular

41、 Genealogy can be used to prove a relationship between individuals.34.The Molecular Genealogy Research Group is building a database for the purpose of.A.offering assistance in working out genealogy-related problemsB.solving many issues without relying on traditional written recordsC.providing a pedi

42、gree chart of at least four generations in the worldD.confirming the assumption that all individuals are of the same origin35.The possible research of family trees is based on the fact that.A.genetics has achieved a breakthroughB.genetic information contained in DNA can be revealed nowC.each individ

43、ual carries a unique record of who he is and how he is related to othersD.we can use DNA to prove how distant an individual is to a family,a group or a populationQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Stone tools,animal bones and an incised mammoth tusk found in Russias frigid far nor

44、th haveprovided what archaeologists say is the first evidence that modern humans or Neanderthals lived inthe Arctic more than 30,000 years ago,at least 15,000 years earlier than previously thought.A team of Russian and Norwegian archaeologists,describing the discovery in todays issue of thejournal N

45、ature,said the campsite,at Mamontovaya Kurya,on the Ura River at the Arctic Circle,wasthe“oldest documented evidence for human resence at this high latitude.Digging in the bed of anold river channel close to the Ural Mountains,the team uncovered 123 mammal bones,includinghorse,reindeer and wolf.The

46、most important find,they said,was a fbur-foot mammoth tusk withgrooves made by chopping with a sharp stone edge,unequivocally the work of humans.,The tuskwas carbon-dated at about 36,600 years old.Plant remains found among the artifacts were dated at30,000 to 31,000 years.Other archaeologists said t

47、he analysis appeared to be sound.But they cautioned that it wasdifficult,when dealing with riverbed deposits,to be sure that artifacts had not become jumbled out oftheir true place,and thus time,in the geologic layers.They questioned whether the discoverers couldreliably conclude that the stone tool

48、s were in fact contemporary with the bones.But in a commentaryaccompanying the article,Dr.John A.J.Gowlett of the University of Liverpool in England wrote,Although there are questions to be answered,the artifacts illustrate both the capacity of early humansto do the unexpected,and the value of archa

49、eologists5 researching in unlikely areas.MThe discoverers said they could not determine from the few stone artifacts whether the site wasoccupied by Neanderthals,hominids who by then had a long history as hunters in Europe and westernAsia,or some of the first anatomically modern humans to reach Euro

50、pe.In any case,otherarchaeologists said,the findings could be significant.If these toolmakers were Neanderthals,thefindings suggested that these human relatives,who became extinct after 30,000 years ago,were morecapable and adaptable than they are generally given credit for.Living in the Arctic clim