Foundations For Microwave Engineering 2nd Ed原版完整文件.pdf

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1、AnIEEEPressClassic ReissueFOUNDATIONSFORMICROWAVE ENGINEERINGSECOND EDITIONIEEE PRESSSERIESONELECTROMAGNETICWAVETHEORYThe IEEE Press Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory consists of new titles as well as reprintings and revisionsofrecognized classics that maintain long-term archival significance in

2、 electromagnetic waves and applications.Series EditorDonald G.DudleyUniversityofArizonaAdvisory BoardRobert E.CollinCase Western Reserve UniversityAkira IshimaruUniversityofWashingtonD.S.JonesUniversityofDundeeAssociate EditorsELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY,SCATTERING,AND DIFFRACTIONINTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD

3、SEhud HeymanDonald R.WilsonTel-Aviv UniversityUniversityofHoustonDIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONMETHODSAndreas C.CangellarisUniversityofArizonaANTENNAS,PROPAGATION,AND MICROWAVESDavid R.JacksonUniversityofHoustonBOOKSINTHEIEEEPRESSSERIESONELECTROMAGNETICWAVETHEORYChristopoulos,C.,The Transmission-Line Modelin

4、g Methods:TLMClemmow,P C.,The Plane Wave Spectrum RepresentationofElectromagnetic FieldsCollin,R.E.,Field TheoryofGuided Waves,Second EditionCollin,R.E.,FoundationsforMicrowave Engineering,Second EditionDudley,D.G.,Mathematical FoundationsforElectromagnetic TheoryElliot,R.S.,Electromagnetics:History

5、,Theory,and ApplicationsFelsen,L.B.,and Marcuvitz,N.,Radiation and ScatteringofWavesHarrington,R.F.,Field Computation by Moment MethodsHansen et aI.,Plane-Wave TheoryofTime-Domain Fields:Near-Field Scanning ApplicationsIshimaru,A.,Wave Propagation and Scattering in Random MediaJones,D.S.,Methods in

6、Electromagnetic Wave Propagation,Second EditionLindell,I.V.,MethodsforElectromagnetic Field AnalysisPeterson et al.,Computational MethodsforElectromagneticsTai,c.T.,Generalized Vector and Dyadic Analysis:Applied Mathematics in Field TheoryTai,C.T.,Dyadic Green Functions in Electromagnetic Theory,Sec

7、ond EditionVan Bladel,1.,Singular Electromagnetic Fields and SourcesVolakis et aI.,Finite Element MethodforElectromagnetics:Antennas,Microwave Circuits,and Scattering ApplicationsWait,J.,Electromagnetic Waves in Stratified MediaAnIEEEPressClassic ReissueFOUNDATIONSFORMICROWAVE ENGINEERINGSECOND EDIT

8、ION-.-IEEE Press Series onElectromagnetic Wave TheoryRobertE.CollinProfessorofElectrical EngineeringCase Western Reserve UniversityCleveland,ORIEEEAntennas&Propagation Society,SponsorIEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society,Sponsor+IEEEThe Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers,Inc.,Ne

9、wYorkffiWILEY-INTERSCIENCEAJOHNWILEY&SONS,INC.,PUBLICATION 2001 THE INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICSENGINEERS,INC.3 Park Avenue,17thFloor,New York,NY 10016-5997Published by John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,Hoboken,New Jersey.No partofthis publication may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system,ortrans

10、mitted in any form or by any means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanning,or otherwise,except as permitted under Section 107 or 108ofthe 1976 United States Copyright Act,without either the prior writtenpermissionofthe Publisher,or authorization through paymentofthe appropriateper-copy

11、 fee to the Copyright Clearance Center,Inc.,222 Rosewood Drive,Danvers,MA 01923,978-750-8400,fax 978-750-4470,or on the web .Requests to the Publisher for permission should beaddressed to the Permissions Department,John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,111 RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ 07030,(201)748-6011,fax(201)748-6008,

12、e-mail:.For general information on our other products and services please contact ourCustomer Care Department within the U.S.at 877-762-2974,outside the U.S.at317-572-3993 or fax 317-572-4002.Printedinthe United StatesofAmerica10 98765ISBN 0-7803-6031-1Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication D

13、ataCollin,Robert E.Foundations for microwave engineering/Robert E.Collin.-2nd ed.p.em.-(IEEE Press series on electromagnetic wave theory)Originally published:New York:McGraw Hill,c1992.An IEEE Press classic reissue.Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 0-7803-6031-11.Microwave devices.I

14、.Title.II.Series.TK7876.C645 2000621.3813-dc2100-053874FOREWORDTOTHEREISSUEDEDITIONThe purpose of the IEEE Press Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory is to publishbooks of long-term archival significance in electromagnetics.Included are new titles aswell as reprints and revisions of recognized clas

15、sics.The bookFoundationsforMicro-wave Engineering,by Robert E.Collin,is by any measure such a classic.The originaledition of the book appeared in 1966 and remained in print until the appearance of thesecond edition in 1992,a span of 26 years.In the second edition,ProfessorCollin completely updated a

16、nd modernized his bookto include the many advances that had occurred in microwave engineering since theappearance of the original edition.That the second edition has gone out of print hascaused concern among many of my colleagues in the IEEE Antennas and PropagationSociety(APS)and the IEEE Microwave

17、 Theory and Techniques Society(MTT).We atthe IEEE Press are delighted to be able to overcome this difficulty by introducing areprint of the second edition into our Series on ElectromagneticWaveTheory.The bookis a thorough and in-depth exposition on microwave engineering.Furthermore,it willmake an ex

18、cellent companion to Professor Collins book,FieldTheoryofGuidedWaves,also included in the series.Professor Collin has been a valued colleague for many years.He is the author orcoauthor of five books and more than 150 technical papers.His contributions toelectromagnetics span a wide range of subjects

19、 and have brought him international re-spect and many awards.Among these are election to the NationalAcademy of Engineer-ing,the IEEE Electromagnetics FieldAward,the IEEE/APS Distinguished CareerAward,an IEEE/APS Schelkunoff Prize Paper Award,and the IEEE Third Millennium Medal.It is with pleasure t

20、hat I welcome this book into the series.Donald G.DudleyUniversityofArizonaSeries EditorIEEEPress Series on Electromagnetic Wave TheoryIEEE Press445 Hoes Lane,P.O.Box 1331Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331IEEE Press Editorial BoardRobertJ.Herrick,Editor inChiefM.AkayJ.B.AndersonM.AndersonJ.E.BrewerM.EdenM.E.El

21、-HawaryR.F.HoytS.V.KartalopoulosD.KirkM.S.NewmanM.PadgettW.O.ReeveG.ZobristKenneth Moore,DirectorofIEEE PressCatherine Faduska,SeniorAcquisitions EditorLinda Matarazzo,AssociateAcquisitions EditorMarilyn G.Catis,Marketing ManagerMark Morrell,Associate Production EditorIEEE Antennas&Propagation Socie

22、ty,SponsorAP-S Liaison to IEEE Press,Robert MaillouxIEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society,SponsorMTT-S Liaison to IEEE Press,Karl VarianCover design:William T.Donnelly,WT DesignCONTENTSPrefacexv1Introduction11.1Microwave Frequencies11.2Microwave Applications31.3Microwave Circuit Elements and

23、Analysis6References162Electromagnetic Theory172.1Maxwells Equations172.2Constitutive Relations232.3Static Fields282.4Wave Equation312.5Energy and Power332.6Boundary Conditions392.7Plane Waves44Plane Waves in Free Space442.8Reflection from a Dielectric Interface491.Parallel Polarization492.Perpendicu

24、lar Polarization522.9Reflection from a Conducting Plane532.10Potential Theory56*2.11Derivation of Solution for Vector Potential592.12Lorentz Reciprocity Theorem62Problems65References703Transmission LinesandWaveguides71Part1WavesonTransmissionLines723.1Waves on An Ideal Transmission Line723.2Terminat

25、ed Transmission Line:Resistive Load78viiviiiCONTENTS3.3Capacitive Termination823.4Steady-State Sinusoidal Waves853.5Waves on a Lossy Transmission Line86Loss-Free Transmission Line88Low-Loss Transmission Line893.6Terminated Transmission Line:Sinusoidal Waves89Terminated Lossy Line94Part2FieldAnalysis

26、ofTransmissionLines963.7Classification of Wave Solutions96TEM Waves99TE Waves100TM Waves1023.8Transmission Lines(Field Analysis)104Lossless Transmission Line104Transmission Line with Small Losses1083.9Transmission-LineParameters1123.10Inhomogeneously Filled Parallel-Plate Transmission Line117Low-Fre

27、quency Solution121High-Frequency Solution1233.11PlanarTransmission Lines1253.12Microstrip Transmission Line130Low-Frequency Solutions136Microstrip Attenuation153High-Frequency Properties of Microstrip Lines158Attenuation1633.13Coupled Microstrip Lines1643.14Strip Transmission Lines170Attenuation1713

28、.15Coupled Strip Lines1733.16Coplanar Transmission Lines175Attenuation178High-Frequency Dispersion180Part3RectangularandCircularWaveguides1803.17Rectangular Waveguide181TE Waves182Power186Attenuation187Dominant TE10Mode190TM Modes1933.18Circular Waveguides194TM Modes194TE Modes1963.19Wave Velocities

29、198Phase Velocity199Group Velocity200Energy-FloVTVelocity2043.20Ridge Waveguide2053.21Fin Line208Problems210References219CONTENTSix4Circuit Theory for WaveguidingSystems2204.1Equivalent VoltagesandCurrents2214.2Impedance Description of Waveguide ElementsandCircuits224One-PortCircuits224Lossless One-

30、Port Termination228*4.3FostersReactance Theorem230*4.4EvenandOdd Properties ofz.,2324.5N-PortCircuits233Proofof Symmetry fortheImpedance Matrix235Proofof ImaginaryNatureofZfor a LosslessJunction236Normalized ImpedanceandAdmittance Matrices2374.6Two-PortJunctions238Some Equivalent Two-Port Circuits24

31、54.7Scattering-Matrix Formulation248Symmetry of Scattering Matrix250Scattering Matrix for a LosslessJunction2514.8Scattering Matrix for a Two-PortJunction2544.9Transmission-Matrix Representation257Voltage-Current Transmission Matrix257Wave-Amplitude Transmission Matrix259*4.10Signal FlowGraphs260*4.

32、11Generalized Scattering Matrix for Power Waves268*4.12Excitation of Waveguides276Probe Coupling in a Rectangular Waveguide276Radiation from LinearCurrentElements281Radiation fromCurrentLoops283*4.13Waveguide Coupling by Apertures284Aperturein a Transverse Wall286Aperture in Broad Wall of a Waveguid

33、e290Problems294References3025ImpedanceTransformationandMatching3035.1SmithChart3045.2Impedance Matching with Reactive Elements308Single-Stub Matching3095.3Double-Stub Matching Network3125.4Triple-StubTuner3175.5Impedance Matching with Lumped Elements319CircuitQandBandwidth3255.6Design of Complex Imp

34、edance Terminations3305.7InvariantPropertyof Impedance Mismatch Factor3345.8Waveguide Reactive Elements339ShuntInductive Elements340ShuntCapacitive Elements341WaveguideStubTuners342XCONTENTS5.9Quarter-Wave Transformers3435.10Theory of Small Reflections3475.11Approximate Theory for Multisection Quart

35、er-WaveTransformers3485.12Binomial Transformer3505.13Chebyshev Transformer352*5.14Chebyshev Transformer(Exact Results)3565.15Filter Design Based on Quarter-Wave-TransformerPrototype Circuit360JunctionCapacitanceandLength Compensation3655.16Tapered Transmission Lines370Exponential Taper372Taper with

36、Triangular Distribution372*5.17Synthesis of Transmission-Line Tapers373*5.18Chebyshev Taper380*5.19Exact Equation fortheReflection Coefficient383Problems387References3936Passive Microwave Devices3946.1Terminations394VariableShortCircuit3956.2Attenuators397Electronically Controlled Attenuators4006.3P

37、hase Shifters404Rotary Phase Shifter404Electronically Controlled Phase Shifters4096.4Directional Couplers413Directional-Coupler Designs416Coupled-Line Directional Couplers427Branch-Line Directional Coupler432Lange Directional Coupler4346.5Hybrid Junctions435MagicT435Hybrid Ring4376.6Power Dividers44

38、26.7Microwave Propagation in Ferrites4506.8Faraday Rotation4606.9Microwave Devices Employing Faraday Rotation464Gyrator464Isolator466Resonance Isolator4676.10Circulators468Three-Port Circulator471Field Analysis of Three-Port Circulator4736.11OtherFerriteDevices476Problems476References479CONTENTSxi7E

39、lectromagnetic Resonators4817.1Resonant Circuits4817.2Transmission-Line Resonant Circuits485Series Resonance;Short-Circuited Line485Open-Circuited Line487Antiresonance4887.3Microstrip Resonators490Circular Disk Resonator4967.4Microwave Cavities500Rectangular Cavity500Cylindrical Cavity5047.5Dielectr

40、ic Resonators5087.6Equivalent Circuits for Cavities517Aperture-Coupled Cavity517Loop-Coupled Cavity523*7.7Field Expansion in a General Cavity525Cavity Field Expansions inTermsof Short-Circuit Modes527Electric Field Expansion528Orthogonality Properties529Magnetic Field Expansion531Orthogonality Prope

41、rties531Relationship betweenEnandHnModes532*7.8Oscillations in a Source-Free Cavity533Cavity with Lossy Walls534Degenerate Modes536*7.9Excitation of Cavities538*7.10CavityPerturbationTheory541Problems545References5488Periodic Structures and Filters5508.1Capacitively Loaded Transmission-Line-Circuit

42、Analysis5518.2Wave Analysis of PeriodicStructures5578.3PeriodicStructuresComposed of Unsymmetrical Two-PortNetworks5598.4TerminatedPeriodicStructures5608.5Matching of PeriodicStructures5638.6k0-3Diagram564*8.7Group VelocityandEnergy Flow5668.8Floquets TheoremandSpatial Harmonics5698.9PeriodicStructu

43、resfor Traveling-Wave Tubes571PeriodicStructuresfor Millimeter-Wave Traveling-WaveTubes5778.10SheathHelix580*8.11Some General Properties of a Helix5838.12Introduction to Microwave Filters5858.13Image-Parameter Method of Filter Design587xiiCONTENTS8.14Filter Design by Insertion-Loss Method5918.15Spec

44、ification of Power Loss Ratio592MaximallyFlatFilter Characteristic593Chebyshev Filter5938.16Some Low-Pass-Filter Designs5958.17Frequency Transformations598Frequency Expansion599Low-Pass to High-Pass Transformation599Low-Pass to Bandpass Transformation600Period Bandpass Mapping6028.18ImpedanceandAdmi

45、ttance Inverters6038.19A Microstrip Half-Wave Filter6178.20Microstrip Parallel Coupled Filter6268.21Quarter-Wave-Coupled Cavity Filters6358.22Direct-Coupled Cavity Filters6398.23OtherTypes of Filters642Problems642References6479Microwave Tubes6489.1Introduction6489.2Electron Beams with de Conditions6

46、50Ion-Neutralized Beam650Beam with Axially ConfinedFlow651Brillouin Flow6529.3Space-Charge Waves on Beams with Confined Flow6549.4Space-Charge Waves on Unfocused Beams6619.5Ac Power Relations6679.6Velocity Modulation6709.7Two-Cavity Klystron678Excitation of a Cylindrical Cavity679Cavity Excitation b

47、y a Velocity-Modulated Beam6839.8Reflex Klystron6869.9Magnetron6909.10O-Type Traveling-Wave Tube6929.11M-Type Traveling-Wave Tube6999.12Gyrotrons701Field-Particle Interaction in a Gyrotron7039.13OtherTypes of Microwave Tubes708Problems709References71210Solid-State Amplifiers71310.1Bipolar Transistor

48、s716TransistorBiasing72010.2Field-Effect Transistors721FETBiasing724CONTENTSxiii10.3Circle-Mapping Properties of Bilinear Transformations72510.4Microwave Amplifier Design Using8i jParameters72610.5Amplifier Power Gain728Derivation of Expressions for Gain73010.6Amplifier Stability Criteria735Conditio

49、nally Stable Devices74010.7ConstantPower-Gain Circles744Properties oftheConstantGain Circles746Stable Devices746Unstable Devices75010.8Basic Noise Theory760Filtered Noise762Noise in Active Devices765Noisy Two-Fort Networks76610.9Low-Noise Amplifier Design767Noise Figure768Noise Figure for Cascaded S

50、tages770ConstantNoise-Figure Circles77210.10ConstantMismatch Circles776ConstantInputMismatch Circle778OutputImpedance-Mismatch Circle78010.11Microwave Amplifier Design780Single-Stage Amplifier Design781Design of Second Stage for a Two-Stage Amplifier78810.12OtherAspects of Microwave Amplifier Design