美国存在的社会问题.pptx

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1、会计学 1美国存在的社会问题Social Problems in the United States Social Problems in the United StatesRacial Problems Racial Problems Poverty PovertyCrime CrimeThe Abuse of Power by Government and Corporations The Abuse of Power by Government and CorporationsDrug Abuse Drug Abuse第1 页/共23 页I.Racial Problems第2 页/共23

2、 页-Americans are primarily a nation of immigrantsn n-1.some as refugees from religious and political-1.some as refugees from religious and political persecution persecution(逃避宗教和政治迫害的难民 逃避宗教和政治迫害的难民)n n-2.some as adventurers from the Old World seeking a-2.some as adventurers from the Old World seeki

3、ng a better life better life(从旧大陆来寻求好生活的冒险家 从旧大陆来寻求好生活的冒险家)n n-3.some as captives brought to American against their-3.some as captives brought to American against their own will to be sold into slavery own will to be sold into slavery（有一些则是被抓获后违（有一些则是被抓获后违背他们的意愿运到美国，被出卖为奴隶）背他们的意愿运到美国，被出卖为奴隶）n n-4.so

4、me fleeing a hopeless economic situation or-4.some fleeing a hopeless economic situation or natural disaster natural disastern n-5.some wanting greater educational opportunities-5.some wanting greater educational opportunities 第3 页/共23 页n n Though people all share a common American culture,the natio

5、n contains many racial and ethnic subcultures with their own distinctive characteristics.(虽然人们有共同的美国文化，虽然人们有共同的美国文化，但美利坚民族包含了许多种族和少数民族的亚文化 但美利坚民族包含了许多种族和少数民族的亚文化群 群)。n n These differences have contributed to racial conflicts that have been a persistent social problem to American society.（这些差异造成了在美国（

6、这些差异造成了在美国社会长期存在的种族冲突）社会长期存在的种族冲突）第4 页/共23 页Racial Problemsn n The United States was founded on the principle of human equality,but in practice the nation has fallen far short of that ideal.n n Racial tension Particularly since the civil rights demonstrations,ghetto riots,and Particularly since the

7、civil rights demonstrations,ghetto riots,and other unrest in the 1960s,race and ethnic relations have been a major other unrest in the 1960s,race and ethnic relations have been a major preoccupation of social scientists,politicians and the general public.preoccupation of social scientists,politician

8、s and the general public.第5 页/共23 页discrimination against blacks:n n In American society,any group other than the dominant white Anglo-In American society,any group other than the dominant white Anglo-Saxon Protestant majority is a Saxon Protestant majority is a minority minority group.group.n n The

9、 second largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S.is the The second largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S.is the blacks,after Hispanics,who make up about 11.7%of the population.blacks,after Hispanics,who make up about 11.7%of the population.Their history in the U.S.has

10、been one of sustained oppression,Their history in the U.S.has been one of sustained oppression,discrimination,and denial of basic civil rights and liberties discrimination,and denial of basic civil rights and liberties.(.(他们在美国不断 他们在美国不断经受着压迫、歧视，被剥夺了最基本的民权和自由 经受着压迫、歧视，被剥夺了最基本的民权和自由)第6 页/共23 页美国黑人n n

11、 Afro-Americann n African Americann n Negron n Black第7 页/共23 页-the black“underclass”(“最低层”黑人)n n-The Northern states had all outlawed(废除 废除)slavery by 1830,but in the Southern states,it was ended by the Civil War Lincolns emancipation of slaves in 1863 n n(1863(1863 年林肯颁布的 年林肯颁布的 解放黑奴宣言 解放黑奴宣言)and t

12、he 13th Amendment to the Constitution in 1865（1865 1865 年 年美国通过的第 美国通过的第13 13 条宪法修正案）条宪法修正案）第8 页/共23 页n n-But after the abolition of slavery,many states passed segregation(隔离)laws to keep the races apart in schools,housing,restaurants and public facilities,and institutionalized discrimination kept b

13、lacks in the lowest-paid jobs.n n（制度化的种族歧视使黑人只能干一些收入最低的工作。）第9 页/共23 页Dr.Martin Luther King“I Have a Dream”in 1963 第10 页/共23 页Progressn n The Civil Rights Movement in the The Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s helped black 1950s and 1960s helped black people secure many of the rights people

14、 secure many of the rights promised in the Constitution.A promised in the Constitution.A 1954 Supreme Court decision 1954 Supreme Court decision ruled that segregation had no ruled that segregation had no place in public school.In 1955,place in public school.In 1955,Rosa Parks refused to give up her

15、 Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a bus for a white man.seat on a bus for a white man.Finally,Congress passed the Civil Finally,Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to stop Rights Act of 1964 to stop discrimination in all public places.discrimination in all public places.第1 1 页/共23

16、页Povertyn n By many standards the United States is the most favorably wealthy society in history.By many standards the United States is the most favorably wealthy society in history.Yet,35.9 million people,about 12.5%of Americans are living at or below the official Yet,35.9 million people,about 12.5

17、%of Americans are living at or below the official poverty line,on incomes that the federal government considers insufficient to meet poverty line,on incomes that the federal government considers insufficient to meet basic requirement of food,clothing,and shelter.basic requirement of food,clothing,an

18、d shelter.n n The affluent majority sometimes seems indifferent to the problems of the poorest The affluent majority sometimes seems indifferent to the problems of the poorest section of the population.section of the population.n n Poverty in the United States does not simply mean that the poor do n

19、ot live quite as Poverty in the United States does not simply mean that the poor do not live quite as well as other citizens.Poverty can also mean low self-esteem,despair,and stunting of well as other citizens.Poverty can also mean low self-esteem,despair,and stunting of human potential.human potent

20、ial.第12 页/共23 页Povertyn n The problem of poverty in the United States is aggravated The problem of poverty in the United States is aggravated because it occurs in a society in which the overall because it occurs in a society in which the overall distribution of wealth and income is very unequal.dist

21、ribution of wealth and income is very unequal.n n The continued existence of poverty in a generally affluent The continued existence of poverty in a generally affluent American society raises serious moral questionsand American society raises serious moral questionsand inevitably creates fierce conf

22、liction of interest and many inevitably creates fierce confliction of interest and many political controversies.political controversies.第13 页/共23 页Drug Abusen n Drug abuse in the United States has come to be regarded as one of the most challenging social problems facing the nation.n n Drug abuse in

23、the United States is a social problem because it has a wide range of social costs,or dysfunctions.第14 页/共23 页Drugs Dysfunctionsn n 1.Crimen n 2.Automobile Accidents n n 3.Effects on Individualsn n 4.Economic Losses:Threat to the youngThreat to the young 第15 页/共23 页Crimen n Crime is one of the most s

24、erious problems facing the nation.n n It is generally agreed that serious,violent crime has reached alarming proportions in the United States.第16 页/共23 页Violent Crimen n It has reached alarming proportion in U.S.n n 61%of all women feel unsafe in their own neighborhoods in night.n n 45%of the popula

25、tion is afraid to walk alone at night near their own homes.n n 47%own gun,largely for self-protection.第17 页/共23 页Crimen nThe profile of a typical criminalThe profile of a typical criminal(典型的罪犯形象)Those arrested for crimes are disproportionately likely to be male,young,a member of a racial minority,a

26、nd a city resident.第18 页/共23 页Members of racial groups have a disproportionately higher rate of arrestsn n Reasons:n n 1.poor or unemployed n n 2.racial prejudice(the discrimination between blank and white).n n 3.undereducated n n 4.selective law enforcement(执法偏见）.第19 页/共23 页Crimen n white-collar cr

27、imes(白领阶层的犯罪)White-collar crimes are those committed by higher White-collar crimes are those committed by higher income groups such as income groups such as the crimes of fraud(the crimes of fraud(欺诈 欺诈),),false advertising(false advertising(做假广告 做假广告),),corporate price fixing corporate price fixing

28、(共同限定 共同限定/控制市场价格 控制市场价格),),bribery bribery（行贿）（行贿）,embezzlement embezzlement（挪用公款）（挪用公款）,industrial pollution,industrial pollution,tax evasion tax evasion（偷税漏税）（偷税漏税）第20 页/共23 页The Abuse of Power by Government and Corporationn n A crucial problem of government and corporations A crucial problem of

29、government and corporations concerns powerand the abuse of it.concerns powerand the abuse of it.n n Government and corporations are widely distrusted in Government and corporations are widely distrusted in the United States.the United States.n n The scandal provoked congressional investigations of T

30、he scandal provoked congressional investigations of the FBI and the CIA that turned up literally thousands the FBI and the CIA that turned up literally thousands of illegal acts in the executive branch of government.of illegal acts in the executive branch of government.第21 页/共23 页The Abuse of Power

31、by Corporationn n As for corporations,they are widely believed to be more As for corporations,they are widely believed to be more concerned with their own profits than with social concerned with their own profits than with social responsibility,and the quality or price of their products,responsibili

32、ty,and the quality or price of their products,or the truth of their advertising.or the truth of their advertising.n n They maintain(They maintain(供养 供养)professional lobbyists()professional lobbyists(说客 说客)in)in Washington to influence public officials behind the Washington to influence public officials behind the scenes.scenes.第22 页/共23 页