新概念一语法总结.doc

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1、新概念一语法总结上一时态：一般现在时，现在进展时，一般过去时，现在完成时，一般将来时，过去进展时，过去完成时，过去将来时1.一般现在时表示一般性，经常性的动作或一般性事实。含有be动词的句子Heisateacher.Thegirlisverybeautiful.TimandJackarestudents.变疑问句将be动词移到句首IsheateacherIsthegirlverybeautifulAreTimandJackstudents变否认句在be动词后面加notHeisnotateacher.Thegirlisnotverybeautiful.TimandJackarenotstuden

2、ts.肯定答复及否认答复Yes,heis.No,heisnot.Yes,sheis.No,sheisnot.Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.不含有动词的句子，即含有一般动词的句子第三人称单数及单数名词Helikesbooks.Shelikeshim.Thedoglikesbones.变疑问句在句首加does,动词变为原型DoeshelikebooksDoesshelikehimDoesthedoglikebones变否认句在主语及动词之间加doesnt,动词变为原型Hedoesntlikebooks.Shedoesntlikehim.Thedogdoesntlikebone

3、s.肯定答复及否认答复：Yes,hedoes.No,hedoesnt.Yes,shedoes.No,shedoesntYes,itdoes.No,itdoesnt.注意：第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S，不要与名词复数混淆，变否认句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。其他人称及复数名词Iwanttohaveabath.Wehavesomemeat.Thestudentslikesmartteachers.变疑问句在句首加doDoyouwanttohaveabathDowehaveanymeatDothestudentslikesmartteachers变否认句在主语与动词之间加dont.Youd

4、ontwanttohaveabath.Wedonthaveanymeat.Thestudentsdontlikesmartteachers.肯定答复及否认答复Yes,Ido.No,Idont.Yes,wedo.No,wedontYes,theydo.No,theydont.2.现在进展时表示现在正在进展的动作。构成：主语be动词动词的现在分词其它成分现在分词的构成见附录Wearehavinglunch.Heisreadingabook.Thedogisrunningafteracat.Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Arewehavi

5、nglunchIshereadingabookIsthedogrunningafteracatAretheboysswimmingacrosstheriver变否认句在be动词后面加notWearenothavinglunch.Heisnotreadingabook.Thedogisnotrunningafteracat.Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.特殊疑问句：what,which,how,where,who,etc.疑问词动词主语现在分词WhatareyoudoingWhatisshedoingWhatisthedogdoing(必背)没有进展时的动词表

6、示状态，思想，感情与感觉的动词不能表示正在进展的动作1.表示感觉，感官的词see,hear,like,love,want,2.have,has当拥有讲时没有进展时3.一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或事件，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,lastnight,thedaybeforeyesterday,3daysago,含有be动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，am,is的过去式为was，are的过去式为wereIwasatthebutchers.Youwereastudentayearago.Theteacherwasverybeautifultenyearsago.变疑问句将be动

7、词移动到句首WereyouatthebutchersWereyouastudentayearagoWastheteacherverybeautifultenyearsago变否认句在be动词后面加notIwasnotatthebutchers.Youwerenotastudentayearago.Theteacherwasnotverybeautifultenyearsago.肯定答复否认答复Yes,Iwas.No,Iwasnot.Yes,youwere.No,youwerenot.Yes,he/shewas.No,he/shewasnot.特殊疑问句：Whatdidyoudo(必背)不含有b

8、e动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，动词过去式构成见附录Ifinishedmyhomeworkyesterday.Theboywenttoarestaurant.TheSawyerslivedatKingStreetayearago.KingStreetayearago.变疑问句在句首加did，动词变为原型DidyoufinishyourhomeworkyesterdayDidtheboygotoarestaurantDidtheSawyersliveatKingStreetayearagoKingStreetayearago变否认句在主语与动词之间加didnotIdidnotfinishmyho

9、meworkyesterday.Theboydidnotgotoarestaurant.TheSawyersdidnotliveatKingStreetayearago.KingStreetayearago.肯定答复及否认答复Yes,Idid.No,Ididnt.Yes,hedid.No,hedidnt.Yes,theydid.No,theydidnot.4.现在完成时构成：主语+助动词have,has+过去分词用法：1)表示过去发生的与现在有某种联系的动作，常与just,usually,already,since等时间副词连用Ihavejusthadlunch.(饱了，不用再吃了)Hehas

10、hadacupoftea.不渴了，不用再喝Theyhavealreadyhadtheirholiday.不能再度假了Theboyhasalreadyreadthebook.已经知道书的内容了，不用再看了2)询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：HaveyoufinishedyourhomeworkHaveyoubeentoBeijingHaveheseenthefilm3)表示开场于过去并持续到现在的动作IhavelivedinBeijingfortwentyyears.Ihaveworkedforthisschoolfor1year.4)表示一种经历，经历：去过地方，做过事情，经历过事情Ih

11、aveneverhadabath.Ihaveneverseenafilm.Ihaveneverbeentocinema.IhaveeverbeentoParis.Havebeento表示去过，havegoneto表示去了IhavebeentoLondon.(人已经回来)HehasgonetoLondon.人还在那里5)表示一种结果，一般不与时间副词联用Ihavelostmypen.Ihavehurtmyself.Hehasbecomeateacher.Shehasbrokenmyheart.句型变化：变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否认句在助动词后面加not.e.g.Haveyoulostyour

12、penIhavenotlostmypen.肯定答复及否认答复Yes,Ihave.No,Ihavenot.特殊疑问句：WhathaveyoudoneWhathashedone一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：但凡有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时注意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点，不能再延续，因此不能与表示一段时间状语连用错：IveleftBeijingfor3days.对：IleftBeijing3daysago.Ihavebeenawayfrombeingfor3days.5.一般将来时表示将来将要发生的动作，经常与tomorrow,nextyear,thedayaftertomorrow

13、,theyearafterthenext,infivehourstime,etc.表示将来的词联用构造：主语+助动词will+动词原形IwillgotoAmericatomorrow.ThepilotwillflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.Jackwillmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning.变疑问句将助动词移到句首WillyougotoAmericatomorrowWillthepilotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenextWillJackmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning

14、变否认句在助动词后面加notIwillnotgotoAmericatomorrow.ThepilotwillnotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.Jackwillnotmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning肯定答复及否认答复Yes,Iwill.No,Iwillnot.Yes,he/shewill.No,he/shewillnot.Yes,hewill.No,hewillnot.特殊疑问句：Whatwillyoudo6.过去完成时：用法：在过去的时间里，两个动作中，发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。构造：had+过去分词Aftershe

15、hadfinishedherhomework,shewentshopping.TheyhadsoldthecarbeforeIaskedtheprice.ThetrainhadleftbeforeIarrivedatthestation.After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号，如果放在主句后那么不用加。变疑问句将助动词移到句首Hadshefinishedherhomework变否认句在助动词后面加notShehadntfinishedherhomework.肯定答复及否认答复Yes,shehad.No,shehadnt.特殊疑问句：Whathadshedone7.

16、过去进展时表示过去正在进展的动作,经常用在when,while,as引导的状语从句中。构造：was/were+doingWhenmyhusbandwasgoingintothediningroomthismorning,hedroppedsomecoinsonthefloor.Whilewewerehavingdinner,myfatherwaswatchingTV.8过去将来时构造：woulddoShesaidshewouldgoherethenextmorning.二特殊句型：therebe句型，begoingto构造1.Begoingto构造表示打算，准备，方案做某事构造：主语+be动词

17、+goingto+动词原型Iamgoingtomakeabookcase.Theyaregoingtopaintit.Thefatherisgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.变疑问句将be动词移到句首AreyougoingtomakeabookcaseAretheygoingtopaintitIsthefathergoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter变否认句在be动词后面加notIamnotgoingtomakeabookcase.Theyaregoingtopaintit.Thefatherisnotgoingtogiv

18、ethebookcasetohisdaughter.肯定答复及否认答复Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.Yes,heis.No,heisnot.特殊疑问句WhatareyougoingtodoWhataretheygoingtodoWhatisthefathergoingtodo(必背)2.Therebe句型表示哪里有什么东西(某处有某物)Thereis单数名词表示场所的词一般为介词词组Thereisabookinthisroom.ThereisapenonthetableThereare复数名词表示场所的词一般为介词词组Therearet

19、wopensonthetable.Therearethreeschoolsthere.变疑问句将be动词移到句首IsthereabookinthisroomAretheretwopensonthetable变否认句在动词后面加notThereisnotabookinthisroom.Therearenottwopensonthetable.肯定答复及否认答复Yes,thereis.No,thereisnot.Yes,thereare.No,therearenot.三问句：一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句，选择疑问句，否认疑问句2一般疑问句:助动词/be动词+主语Areyouate

20、acherDoyouwanttohaveacupoftea2特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句Whatisyourname2选择疑问句:orDoyouwantbeeforlamb2反意疑问句:肯定陈述句+否认疑问局部，否认陈述局部+肯定疑问局部Youdontneedthatpen,doyou2否认疑问句:一般疑问句+否认词ArentyouluckyDontyouwanthavearest四冠词用法：a/an/the的一般用法详细见笔记五限定词：some,any,many,much2some,any修饰可数名词或不可数名词，some用于肯定句，any用于否认句与疑问句，注意，当期待对方的答案为肯

21、定答复时用some2many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词，在口语中表示很多一般不用many,much,而用alotof,在否认句中表示很多用many,much.Ihavealotofmoney.Idonthavemuchmoney.六名词：种类，复数，名词所有格1名词分为可数名词与不可数名词A不可数名词无法分开的东西：water,tea,bread,milk,rice米抽象的东西：love,beauty,coldness寒冷不可数名词有以下特点：l.不能用a,an修饰2.不能加s常见缩写：is=sIam=Imare=reisnot=isnt/iznt/arenot=arent/a:nt

22、/cannot=canthave=vehas=shavenot=haventhasnot=hasntwill=llwillnot=wontshallnot=shantdonot=dontdoesnot=doesntwas=sdidnot=didntB可数名词：单数可数名词要用冠词修饰，复数可数名词要在名词后面加s,名词复数共有以下几种变化：规那么变化的名词复数形式规那么1一般情况+se.g.shellshellsbookbooks规那么2以s,x,ch,sh结尾+ese.g.foxfoxeschurchchurches,busbuses,watchwatches规那么3以o结尾+s或+ese.

23、g.potatopotatoes,NegroNegroes,heroheroes,tomatotomatoes，口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆与西红柿，剩下一般加s,radioradios规那么4以f,fe结尾的，变f,fe为vese.g.lifeliveshalfhalves,shelfshelves,citycities,wifewives规那么5以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i+ese.g.skyskiesflyflies不规那么变化的名词复数形式单数manwomanfootgoosetooth复数menwomenfeetgeeseteeth单数childsheepdeermousefish复数ch

24、ildrensheepdeermicefish七介词(注意总结书上词组)八副词：用法及形容词变副词的变化u副词可以修饰形容词，动词，副词或整个句子。如：Thebookisverygood.Herunsfast.Shecameherequiteearly.CertainlyIwillgowithyou.u变化：1直接在形容词后加-ly,careful-carefully,slow-slowly,2以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，把y变I,加-ly,happy-happily,lucky-luckily3有些词形容词与副词的形式一样，不需要做任何变化fast,hard,late4有些词加上-ly后意思

25、与原词相差很远：neary-nearly,high-highly,late-lately,九情态动词的使用：can,must,may,might,need,1情态动词can能够,must必须,may可以构造：主语+can/must/may+动词原型Hecanmakethetea.Sallycanairtheroom.WecanspeakEnglish.变疑问句将情态动词移到句首CanhemaketheteaCanSallyairtheroomCanwespeakEnglish变否认句在情态动词后面加notHecannotmakethetea.Sallycannotairtheroom.Weca

26、nnotspeakEnglish.肯定答复及否认答复Yes,hecan.No,hecannot.Yes,shecan.No,shecannot.Yes,wecan.No,wecannot.特殊疑问句：Whatcanyoudo(必背)注意：情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化，不要在情态动词或动词后面加S。2Must/haveto的区别must表示必须，是主观上觉得应该做，haveto是不得不，是由于客观条件逼迫的必要要做must只能用在表示现在与将来的句子里，而havetodo可以用在任何时态3must,may,might表示猜想：mustdo表示对现在事实的猜想musthavedone表示对

27、过去事实的猜想musthavebeendoing表示对过去正在进展的事实的猜想may/mightdo,may/mighthavedone表示没有任何事实依据的猜想，might的可能性更小。cant/couldnt表示不可能4need用法：表示“需要时为实意动词，后面可以加名词，也可以加不定式：Ineedapen.DoyouneedanybeerNo,Idont.Ineedtohavearest.uNeeddoing=needtobedone，表示被动Theflowersneedwatering.Need在否认时做情态动词使用Youneedntgosoearly.=Youdontneedtogo

28、soearly.MustIcleanthedeskrightnowNo,youneednt.十不定代词及不定副词：SomeanynoeverythingsomethinganythingnothingeverythingonesomeoneanyoneanythingeveryonewheresomewhereanywhereanywhereeverywherebodysomebodyanybodynobodyeverybodyIlookedformybookeverywhere,butIcantfinditanywhere.Ifyouwantgosomewhere,ifyouwanttobe

29、someone,youmustwakeup.Help!SomebodyAnybodyYouarereallysomething.Sinceeverybodyishere,letsbeginourclass.WheredidyougoIwentnowhere.Nobodyisathome.Ihavenothingleft.新概念英语第一册语法总结下句型与语法十一感慨句：What+名词+主语+谓语Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!How+形容词+主语+谓语Howbeautifulthegirlis!十二祈使句：第二人称：let+其他人称代词祈使句的否认，加dont反意疑问祈使句第二人

30、称祈使句表示请求，命令，建议，邀请等，谓语动词一律用原型，句子中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹好或者句号，用降调。肯定句动词原型例，Comehere,please.Godownstairs,please.Standup.Sitdown.Bequiet.Becareful.祈使句中如果有唤语，一定要用逗号隔开，放在句首或者句尾Comein,Amy.Sitdownhere,Tom.Mary,givemeabookplease.否认：Dont+动词原型Dontcomehere.Dontsitdown.Dontstandup.Dontgivemeit.letsb.doLetmepass.Letushavea

31、rest.Letshavearest.(反意疑问)：Letshaveawalkalongtheriver,shallweLetusgooutforadrink,willyou十三倒装句：so/neither的倒装eg.Hecanswim.SocanI.Ididntgotoclass.NeitherdidI.构造：so/neither+be+主语so/neither+助动词+主语so/neither+情态动词+主语一般现在时,do,does/am,is,are现在进展时,am,is,are一般过去时,did现在完成时,have,has一般将来时,will,shall,过去进展时，was,were

32、过去完成时，had过去将来时,would十四直接引语/间接引语如果引语的主句所用动词为过去时，那么间接引语要做相应变化：时态，人称，时间地点及指示词时态变化：一般现在时一般过去时现在进展时过去进展时一般过去时过去完成时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时begoingtowas/weregoingto/wouldcan-couldmay-might时间地点及指示词的变化：herethere,tomorrowthenextday,thefollowingday,thisthat人称变化：根据句意改变人称。十五直接宾语/间接宾语主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，间接宾语

33、是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或事务，也可以说间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的，或者是为谁做的。所以间接宾语要用名词或者宾格代词来担当。Hegivesmeabook.me间接宾语,abook直接宾语直接宾语与间接宾语的位置调换时要加一个介词to或for主语及物动词直接宾语介词+间接宾语Givemeabook.Givethebooktome.Sendhisaletter.Sendalettertohim.Showhimthenewdress.Showthenewdresstohim.十六从句：宾语从句，定语从句限定性，表语从句，状语从句if引导的真实条件句宾语从句：如果宾语从句的主句中的动词为过去时，那么

34、宾语从句中的时态要与主句统一；如果宾语从句为疑问词引导，那么语序要用陈述语序，即主语在前，动词在后。定语从句：表语从句：状语从句if引导的真实条件句：主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时WhatwillyoudoifyouwinalotofmoneyIfitrainstomorrow,Iwillstayathome.十七动词不定式做宾语及宾语补语的用法(详细用法请见NECII)构造：todo,用法：可以做除谓语以外的所有成分，语法上称之为非谓语动词。做宾语：在一些动词后常用不定式做宾语，例如：want,like,ask,try做宾补：wantsb.todo,asksb.todo,likesb.t

35、odo动词过去式过去式的读音形容词的比拟级形容词与副词的最高级附录：代词及be动词名词复数动词的第三人称单数形式动词现在分词代词及be动词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数主格Iweyouyoushe/he/itthey宾格meusyouyouher/him/itthem代词所有格myouryouryourher/his/itstheir名词性代词mineoursyoursyourshers/his/itstheirsbe动词现在时Amareareareisarebe动词过去时waswerewerewerewaswere名词的复数规那么变化的名词复数形式规那么1一般情况+se.g

36、.shellshellstoytoys规那么2以s,x,ch,sh结尾+ese.g.foxfoxeschurchchurches规那么3以o结尾s或+ese.g.radioradiospotatopotatoes规那么4以f,fe结尾的，变f,fe为vese.g.lifeliveshalfhalves规那么5以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i+ese.g.skyskiesstudystudies动词的第三人称单数形式规那么1一般情况+se.g.likelikes,look-looks规那么2以s,x,ch,sh结尾+ese.g.dodoes,catch-catches规那么5以辅音字母+y结尾,变y

37、为i+ese.g.carrycarries,fly-flies动词现在分词规那么一一般动词加-inge.g.looklooking,readreading,playplaying规那么二以不发音的字母结尾的单词去e加-inge.g.makemaking,taketaking,arrivearriving规那么三重读闭音节词结尾，即单词中只有一个元音字母，其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词，双写辅音字母再加-inge.g.runrunning,sitsitting,getgetting,swimswimming,stop-stopping动词过去式规那么动词变化规那么一一般动词加-ede.g.looklo

38、oked,watchwatched,play-played规那么二以e结尾的加-de.g.makemaked,arrive-arrived规那么三以辅音字母加结尾的变y为i加-edcrycried,carry-carried规那么四重读闭音节词结尾，即单词中只有一个元音字母，其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词，双写辅音字母再加-edstopstopped,过去式的读音在清辅音后面除外读/t/e.g.walked,jumped在浊辅音与元音后读/d/e.g.washed,watched在/t/，/d/后读/id/e.g.waited,hated形容词与副词的比拟级比拟级规那么一一般加-ere.g.highhigher规那么二以结尾加-rnicenicer规那么三以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i再加-erbusybusier,规那么四重读闭音节结尾，双写辅音字母再加-erfatfatter,形容词与副词的最高级最高级规那么一一般加-este.g.highhighest规那么二以结尾加-stnicenicet规那么三以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i再加-estbusybusiest规那么四重读闭音节结尾，双写辅音字母再加-estfatfattest第 17 页