暨南大学211翻译硕士英语2011--2020年考研专业课真题.pdf

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1、2020J暨INAN南 UNI大VERS军ITY年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（B卷）学科、专业名称：翻译硕士专业研 究 方 向：英语笔译考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语 考试科目代码：211考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸(卷)上，写在本试题上一律不给分。I.Vocabulary&Grammar(30%)Directions:There are 30 sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there arefour words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose ONE answer that b

2、est completesthe sentence.Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1.Rescue teams from all over the world on the earthquake-stricken area after the news spreadthat the quake had claimed a toll of 15000 lives.A.diversified B.disseminated C.converged D.accelerated2.Without Bobs testimony,evidence of bri

3、bery is lacking and in the case will be impossible.A.verdict B.sentence C.conviction D.acquittal3.The two countries have developed a relation and increased a great deal in foreign trade.A.managerial B.lethal C.metric D.cordial4.Any person who is in while awaiting trial is considered innocent until h

4、e has been declaredguilty.A.jeopardy B.custody C.suspicion D.probation5.The snow my plan to visit my aunt in the countryside.A.confused B.bewildered C.conversed D.hampered6.It is imperative that students their term papers on timeA.hand in B.would hand in C.have to hand in D.handed in7.He is not unde

5、r a r r e s t,a n y restriction on him.A.or the police have placed B.or have the police placedC.nor the police have placed D.nor have the police placed8.Mary is than Alice.A.more experienced a teacher B.a more experienced teacherC.more an experienced teacher D.more experienced teacher9.The trumpet p

6、layer was certainly loud.But I wasnt bothered by his loudness by his lack oftalent.A.so much as B.rather than C.as D.than10.Please dont too much on the painful memories.Everything will be all right.A.hesitate B.linger C.retain D.dwell11.Participants in the Shanghai Co-operation Forum regional teamwo

7、rk to promoteinvestment and economic development.A.cursed B.echoed C.bounced D.hailed12.The 1982 Oil and Gas Act gives power to permit the disposal of assets held by the Corporation,and the Corporations statutory monopoly in the supply of gas for fuel purposes so as topermit private companies to com

8、pete in this supply.A.defers B.curtails C.triggers D.sparks13.The slogan What goes up must come down was so universally accepted by economists that itwas considered a(n)A.conjecture B.axiom C.fad D.testimonial14.After four years in the same job his enthusiasm f i n a l l y.A.deteriorated B.dispersed

9、 C.dissipated D.drained15.He has strange hobbies like collecting bottle tops and inventing secret codes.A.gone on B.gone in for C.gone with D.gone through with16.In 1791 RC,one of the wealthiest plantation owners in Virginia,stunned his family,friends,andneighbors by filing a deed of emancipation,se

10、tting free the more than 500 slaves who were legallyhis property.A.considered B.considered as C.considered to be D.considered for17.While some propose to combat widespread illegal copying of computer programs by attempting tochange peoples attitudes toward pirating,others suggest reducing software p

11、rices tofor pirating,and still others are calling for the prosecution of those who copy software illegally.A.increase the incentive B.increase the punishmentC.decrease the incentive D.increase the punishment18.The federal government subsidized bank loans to mass production builders of suburbs everyw

12、herein the country on condition that those builders no homes to African-Americans.A.sold B.sell C.have sold D.had sold19.A recent study of ancient clay deposits has provided new evidence the theory thatglobal forest fires ignited by a meteorite impact to the extinction of the dinosaurs andmany other

13、 creatures some 65million years ago.A.to support.contributed B.supporting.contributedC.to support.contributing D.supporting.contributing20.According to his own account,Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi,the sculptor of the Statue of Liberty,modeled the face of the statue his mother and the body his wife.A.f

14、or that o f.for that of B.for that on.for that onC.after that on.after that on D.after that of.after that of21.A huge flying reptile that died out with the dinosaurs some 65 million years ago,theQuetzalcoatlus had a wingspan of 36 f eet,t o have been the largest flying creature the worldhas ever see

15、n.A.what is believed B.that is believedC.which is believed D.and it is believed22.Because new small businesses are growing and are seldom in equilibrium,formulas for cash flowand the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to in the same way to establish bigbusinesses.A.it.B.it.as C.them.as D.them.23.N

16、eanderthals had a vocal tract resembling an apes probably without language,ashortcoming that may explain why they were supplanted by our own species.A.and so were B.and such was C.and so was D.and such were24.He had lived his life thus far as a sort o f obedient pet-first to his mother and father,th

17、en to his wife.Whit had always done what others had wanted him to do,not what he wanted.A.atrocious B.baroque C.affable D.arrogant25.In the 1960s,even as liberal thinkers like Martin Luther King Jr.a minimum incomefor moral reasons,conservatives like Richard Nixon considered it on practical grounds.

18、A.censured B.championed C.conceited D.confronted26.The stimulator was proven to be effective but not:It could reduce tension and pain,improve mood,and marginally boost memory.A.mischievous B.miraculous C.momentous D.minatory27.The word“race conjures biology,a set of inheritable-and -physicalcharacte

19、ristics.But its actually a cultural and social category,not a biological one,which is why itchanges over time.A.changeable B.impeccable C.immutable D.impenetrable28.With his yet gracious manner,Jon had helped them find a good neighborhood for theirfamily,introduced them to his banker,and even explai

20、ned some of the odd American colloquialismsthey couldnt understand,as they all laughed together over well-aged bottles of his favorite Bordeaux.A.grandiose B.gullible C.grotesque D.gregarious29.Virtue is useful in every country,in every time,in all peoples;wherever one finds humans,virtueis because

21、no one fails to sense its usefulnessA.eternal B.estimable C.ethereal D.exquisite30.Two of his grandchildren implore him to another journey.The city where they live isthreatened by a plague.A.embark on B.embark for C.embark at D.embark ofIL Reading Comprehension(40%)Directions:This part consists of s

22、ix passages followed by a total of 30 multiple-choicequestions and 5 short-answer questions.Read the passages and write your answers onthe Answer Sheet.Passage 1The miserable fate of Enrons employees will be a landmark in business history,one of those awfulevents that everyone agrees must never be a

23、llowed to happen again.This urge is understandable andnoble:thousands have lost virtually all their retirement savings with the demise of Enron stock.Butmaking sure it never happens again may not be possible,because the sudden impoverishment of thoseEnron workers represents something even larger tha

24、n it seems.Ifs the latest turn in the unwinding ofone of the most audacious promise of the 20th century.The promise was assured economic security-even comfort-for essentially everyone in thedeveloped world.With the explosion of wealth,that began in the 19th century it became possible tothink about a

25、 possibility no one had dared to dream before.The fear at the center of daily living sincecaveman days-lack of food warmth,shelter would at last lose its power to terrify.Thatremarkable promise became reality in many ways.Governments created welfare systems for anyonein need and separate programmes

26、for the elderly(Social Security in the U.S.).Labour unionspromised not only better pay for workers but also pensions for retirees.Giant corporations came intobeing and offered the possibility in some cases the promise-of lifetime employment plusguaranteed pensions.The cumulative effect was a fundame

27、ntal change in how millions of peopleapproached life itself,a reversal of attitude that most rank as one of the largest in human history.Formillennia the average persons stance toward providing for himself had been Ultimately Fm on myown”.Now it became ultimately ril be taken care of”.The early hint

28、s that this promise might be broken on a large scale came in the 1980s.U.S.businesshad become uncompetitive globally and began restructuring massively,with huge Layoffs.The trendaccelerated in the 1990s as the bastions of corporate welfare faced reality.IBM ended its no-layoffpolicy.AT&T fired thous

29、ands,many of whom found such a thing simply incomprehensible,and a fewof whom killed themselves.The other supposed guarantors of our economic security were also indecline.Labour-union membership and power fell to their lowest levels in decades.President Clintonsigned a historic bill scaling back wel

30、fare.Americans realized that Social Security wont providesocial security for any of us.A less visible but equally significant trend affected pensions.To make costs easier to control,companies moved away from defined benefit pension plans,which obligate them to pay out specifiedamounts years in the f

31、uture,to define contribution plans,which specify only how much goes into theplay today.The most common type of defined-contribution plan is the 401(k).The significance of the401(k)is that it puts most of the responsibility for a persons economic fate back on the employee.Within limits the employee m

32、ust decide how much goes into the plan each year and how it getsinvested-the two factors that will determine how much its worth when the employee retires.Which brings us back to Enron?Those billions of dollars in vaporized retirement savings went inemployees,401(k)accounts.That is,the employees chos

33、e how much money to put into thoseaccounts and then chose how to invest it.Enron matched a certain proportion of each employee401(k)contribution with company stock,so everyone was going to end up with some Enron in his orher portfolio;but that could be regarded as a freebie,since nothing compels a c

34、ompany to matchemployee contributions at all.At least two special features complicate the Enron case.First,someshareholders charge top management with illegally covering up the companys problems,promptinginvestors to hang on when they should have sold.Second,Enron?s 401(k)accounts were locked whilet

35、he company changed plan administrators in October,when the stock was falling,so employees couldnot have closed their accounts if they wanted to.But by far the largest cause of this human tragedy is that thousands of employees were heavilyoverweighed in Enron stock.Many had placed 100%of their 401(k)

36、assets in the stock rather than inthe 18 other investment options they were offered.Of course that wasnt prudent,but its what someof them did.The Enron employees9 retirement disaster is part of the larger trend away from guaranteed economicsecurity.Thats why preventing such a thing from ever happeni

37、ng again may be impossible.The hugeattitudinal shift to 511-be-taken-care-of5 took at least a generation.The shift back may take just aslong.It wont be complete until a new generation of employees see assured economic comfort as a20th-century quirk,and understand not just intellectually but in their

38、 bones that,like most people inmost times and places,theyre on their own.31.Why does the author say at the beginning“The miserable fate of Enrons employees will be alandmark in business history.?A.Because the company has gone bankrupt.B.Because such events would never happen again.C.Because many Enr

39、on workers lost jobs.D.Because it signifies a turning point in economic security.32.According to the passage,the combined efforts by governments,layout unions and bigcoiporations to guarantee economic comfort have led to a significant change inA.peoples outlook on life.B.peoples life styles.C.people

40、s living standard D.peoples social values.33.Garanttee on economic security declined in 1980-1990 b e c a u s e.A.the corporate laid off large number of employeesB.the government cut in welfare spendingC.the economic restructuring occurred as American lost its competitiveness globallyD.the power of

41、labors unions declined34.Thousands of employees chose Enron to invest mainly becauseA.The 401(k)made them responsible for their own future.B.Enron offered to add company stock to their investment.C.their employers intended to cut back on pension spending.D.Enron9s offer was similar to a defined-bene

42、fit plan.35.Which is NOT seen as a lesson drawn from the Enron disaster?A.401(k)assets should be placed in more than one investment option.B.Employees have to take up responsibilities for themselves.C.Such events could happen again as it is not easy to change peoples mind.D.Economic security wont be

43、 taken for granted by future36.What has made economic security possible and change peoples attitude towards life in 19thcentury?Passage 2The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of firstclarifying goals,assessing the problem,formulating options,es

44、timating likelihoods of success,making a decision,and only then taking action to implement the decision.Rather,in their day-by-daytactical maneuvers,these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage anetwork of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity,i

45、nconsistency,novelty,andsurprise and to integrate action into the process of thinking.Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavilyon intuition.In general,however,such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is.Some see it asthe opposite of ra

46、tionality;others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.Isenberg 5s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers*intuition is neither of these.Rather,senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways.First,they intuitively sense when a problem exist

47、s.Second,managers rely on intuition to performwell-learned behavior patterns rapidly.This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational,but is based onyears of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills.A third function of intuition isto synthesize isolated bits of data and practice i

48、nto an integrated picture,often in an Aha”experience.Fourth,some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis.Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools,and those whouse such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occas

49、ionally leery of solutions suggested bythese methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action.Finally,managers canuse intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution.Used inthis way,intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process

50、 in which a manager recognizesfamiliar patterns.One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparablefrom acting.Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it,theyfrequently act first and explain later.Analysis is inex