Use of Near Infrared.ppt

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1、Near InfraredReflectance Spectroscopy introductionThe near infrared (NIR, 11002500 nm)Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is based on the absorptions of C-H, N-H and O-H groups found in organic constituents.Diffuse reflectance for a ground solid showing: (a) reflection from the cell cover; (b) specula

2、r reflection from the sample; (c) absorption and diffuse reflection from the sample; and (d) total absorption by the sample.Table 9.2. Applications of NIR to animal feedstuffs.Type of feedDetermination(s)Forages and by-products,including those treatedchemically or physicallyDry matterTotal crude pro

3、tein (CP), acid detergent fibre-CP, heat-damaged proteinFibre (neutral and acid detergent, cellulose, hemicelluose, crude fibre,organic cellular content, total non-structural carbohydrates, etc.)Digestibility ( in situ and in vitro, cell wall and dry matter, low and high digestible fibre fraction)Li

4、gnin (72% H2SO4 KMnO4, NaClO2, acetyl bromide, etc.)Lignin composition (nitrobenzene oxidation products)Energy (net and other measures)IntakeAlkaloidsFungal contaminants (chitin and glucosamine)Dysprosium markerMinerals (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, S), Si and ashBotanical composition determinationsApp

5、lications of NIR to animal feedstuffs.(continue)Type of feedDetermination(s)Mixed rations andfeed ingredients,including poultry andswine feedsSee forage above as appropriateEnergy ( in vitro digestible, metabolizable, net)Digestible crude proteinLysine in swine feedsOilStarchSugarsSulphurSilagesCellulase digestibility; NH3, acid detergent- and hot-water insoluble N, insoluble NpHTrue dry matterVolatile fatty acidsEffect of soil contamination on NIR analysisFermentation characteristicsproblems Mixed rations Mineral element High Moisture of sampleConclusions