专题一谓语动词的时态学案--高考英语三轮综合复习.docx

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1、专题一 谓语动词的时态高考英语三轮综合复习重点考点：一般现在时一般过去时现在完成时课前热身练1.(2019全国,语篇填空)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to a belief that populations are increasing.have reported根据句中的时间状语In recent years可知,谓语动词要用现在完成时,主语是复数,所以填have reported。2.(20

2、19全国,语篇填空)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award,proud Irene (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.declared根据下文的“she had no plans.”可知,此处讲述的是过去发生的事情,所以用一般过去时。3.(2018全国,语篇填空)Since 2011,the country (grow) more corn than rice.has grown根据时间状语Since 2011可知,句子要用现在完成时,主语是the

3、 country,故谓语动词用单数形式。4.(2018全国,语篇填空)True to a gorillas unaggressive nature,the huge animal (mean) me no real harm.meant分析本句的句子成分可知,本句缺少谓语,由于讲述的是过去发生的事情,所以要用一般过去时。5.(2017全国,语篇填空)When fat and salt (remove) from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something.are removedremove是及物动词,与fat and salt有逻辑上的

4、动宾关系,所以用被动语态;由下文tastes可知用一般现在时;又因为主语fat and salt为复数形式,故填are removed。6.(2017全国,语篇填空)Steam engines (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers,with all the smoke and noise.were useduse和Steam engines之间为动宾关系,并且此处讲的是过去的事情,因此用一般过去时的被动语态。7.(2017全国,语篇填空)Later,engin

5、eers (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道),which became known as the Tube.managed根据后面的became可知,这里用一般过去时。9.(2016全国,语篇填空)Truly elegant chopsticks might (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.be made句意:真正精致的筷子可能是由金银制成,并刻有汉字。筷子是被制作的,应该用被动语态,在情态动词might后用动词原形,故用be made。

6、一、谓语动词的时态1.一般现在时1.一般现在时的构成一般现在时主要由动词的原形表示,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词形式一般由动词原形后加-s或-es构成。其变化规则如下:2.表示习惯性、经常性、现在反复出现的动作或状态。He goes to school every day.他每天去上学。(经常性动作)He is very happy.他很高兴。(现在的状态)3.表示永恒的状态或真理。 “Life is like walking in the snow,” Granny used to say,“because every step shows.”祖母过去常说:“人生就像在雪中行走,因为每一

7、步都会留下痕迹。”The moon moves around the earth.月亮绕着地球转。4.在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,如果主句中的动词用一般将来时,从句中的动词通常用一般现在时,而不用将来时。When I have time,Ill go.我有时间就去。Unless some extra money is found,the theatre will close.除非能再弄到些钱,否则剧院将关闭。5.时间表、时刻表、日程表、节目单、课程表等按规定将要发生的动作,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。So what is the procedure?All the applicants ar

8、e interviewed before a final decision is made by the authority.那程序是怎么安排的呢?在职权部门做最后的决定之前所有的申请人都要参加面试。The train leaves at 8 oclock.火车将于8点钟发车。练习：1.The brand-new car _(handle) well in any weather.2.The girl is working so hard that she d_ to win this big prize.3.The building _(measure) 60 meters in heigh

9、t.4.What would you do if it _(rain) tomorrow?We have to carry it on, since weve got everything ready.答案：1.答案：handles解析：考查时态。句意：这辆崭新的汽车在任何天气下都开得很好。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语The brand-new car为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，handle在这里表示开得好，用主动表被动。根据句意，故填handles。2.答案：deserves3.答案：measures4.答案：rains2. 一般过去时（1）构成：一般过去时用动词的过去式表示，其

10、规则动词变化方法如下表所示： 情况规则例词一般情况加-edpack-packed以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变y为iedcarried-carried以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词双写辅音字母加-edplan-planned以不发音的e结尾的动词直接加-dliked-liked provide-provided was用于第一、三人称单数，were用于其他情况。注意以元音字母加y结尾的动词：规则变化是直接加-ed, 如 play-played; 不规则变化是把y改为id, 如：pay-paid, say-said. 不规则动词的过去式和过去分词有其特殊变化形式，需要个别记忆，课本后页有详细完整

11、的不规则动词表。（2）用法：表示在确定的过去的时间里发生的动作。Where did you go just now? 你刚才去了哪里？He saw Mr. Wang yesterday. 他昨天看见王先生了。表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。表示这种意义时，句子中常带有 every day， often，usually，always，sometimes 等时间状语。Mrs. Peter went to the park to have a walk every day last year, 彼得太太去年每天都到公园去散步。I went to the cinema once a week

12、when I was at school. 我上学时每周去看一场电影。表示过去连续发生的动作。这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来判断。The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looked at the captain, and then closed his eyes. 那个男孩把眼睛睁开了一会儿，看了看船长，然后就闭上了眼睛。She got up early, fetched water, cleaned the room and then went out for a walk. 她早早起床、提水，打扫房间，然后出去散步。在表示时间、

13、条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。They said they would let me know as soon as they got there. 他们说只要他们一到那儿就会马上通知我。He said he would not go if it rained. 他说如果下雨他就不去。一般过去时常用的时间状语有yesterday，last week，an hour ago，the other day，in 1982等。She suddenly fell ill yesterday. 昨天她突然病倒了。练习： 1.He (seek) to cheat in the exam the othe

14、r day but in vain.2.The girl in the wheelchair _(weep) with frustration when she could not get up the stairs.3.Picking up her Lifetime Achievement Award, proud Irene _(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.4.They had escaped to America shortly before war _(break) out in 1

15、939.5.Police cleared the area immediately, as emergency service workers _(flood) in to care for the wounded.答案以及解析1.答案：sought解析：根据题意，他试图在考试中作弊但是徒劳无益。此句的动作发生了，用一般过去时。seek to do sth：企图做某事，seek的过去式是sought。故答案为：sought。2.答案：wept解析：考查动词时态。句意：那个坐轮椅的女孩因上不了楼梯而沮丧地哭泣。根据从句“when she could not get up the stairs”可

16、知，用一般过去时态。故填wept。3.答案：declared解析：句意为：举着她的“终身成就奖”,自豪的艾琳声称她目前还没有计划离开她从事了36年的事业。分析句子结构可知,设空处应使用动词形式作谓语,且根据had可知,时态为一般过去时。4.答案：broke解析：句意为:1939年,战争就要爆发之际,他们逃到了美国。break out意为“(战争、疾病等)爆发”,不用于被动语态。根据in 1939 可知,此处应用一般过去时。故填broke。5.答案：flooded解析：句意为:随着急救人员赶来照料伤者,警方立即清理了该区域。as引导时间状语从句,设空处作从句的谓语,根据主句可知从句用一般过去时。

17、flood作动词讲表示“淹没;泛滥;涌入”。3. 一般将来时（1）构成：will/ shall+动词原形is/am/are going to+动词原形is/am/are about to+动词原形is/am/are to+动词原形is/am/are due to+动词原形某些动词的一般现在时或现在进行时形式（2）用法：will表示将来的习惯性动作或状态；Spring will come again. 春天还会再来。He will be here in an hour. 他一个小时后到这里。表示将来发生的一次性动作；If you dont hurry, you will miss the tra

18、in. 如果你不快点儿，你就会赶不上火车。表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势；Fish will die without water. 离开水，鱼就会死。表示偶然的、临时的决定。Do you know Mr. Smith has come to our town? No. I will go and visit him right now.你知道史密斯先生来我们镇了吗？不知道。我马上就去看他。be going to用在口语中，表示“计划、打算要做某事”， 此外，be going to还可表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断。He is going to speak on TV this evening.

19、 他今晚要在电视上演讲。Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 看这些乌云，要下雨了。 be about to/be on the point of +动名词表示“立即的将来（immediate future）”，这两种结构不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用，但可以和并列连词 when (=and at this/that time)引出的分句连用The train is about to start. 火车就要开了。Im not about to stop when Im so close to success. 在这样接近成功时，我不打算就此

20、罢手。 be to表示“按计划或安排要做的事”；When are you to leave for home? 你什么时候回家？表示要求做某事，意为“应该”， 相当于should, ought to；You are to report it to the police. 你应该报警。表示“想，打算”， 相当于 intend, want。If we are to be there before ten, well have to go now. 如果我们要在10点前到那儿，我们现在就得走。 be due to表示“预定、定于”；They are due to meet again tomorro

21、w. 他们定于明天再见面。有些动词，如 come, go, arrive, leave, begin, start 等，其现在进行时表示按计划、安排近期将要发生的动作；Im leaving for Beijing next month. 下个月我要动身去北京。某些动词的一般现在时可以表示按计划、安排将要做的事情，这种用法常常用于介绍火车时刻表、飞机时刻表、电影开演时刻表、作息安排等。We must hurry up. The first class begins at 8 oclock. 我们必须快点儿。第一节课将在8点开始。练习：1.If you double-click on the ic

22、on, the web page _(appear) on the screen.2.I _(return) the book to you as soon as I finish it.3.Did you tell Julia about the result?Oh, no. I forgot. I _(call) her now.4.The days we have been looking forward to _ (come) soon.5.There are many dark clouds in the sky as if it _ (rain).答案以及解析1.答案：will a

23、ppear2.答案：will return3.答案：will call解析：考查动词的时态。句意:你告诉朱莉娅结果了吗?哦,不,我忘了。我现在就给她打电话。此处表示临时的决定,用“will+动词原形”。4.答案：will come解析：句意:我们一直盼望的日子很快就要来了。考查动词的时态。主句的主语是 The days,设空处在主句中作谓语, we have been looking forward to为定语从句,根据语境及soon可知,应用一般将来时。5.答案：is going to rain4. 现在进行时 【例】 We are waiting for you now. 我们正在等你。【

24、例】 He is teaching in a middle school. 他在一所中学教书。【例】 Im meeting my father at the station at 5 oclock. 我五点要去车站接我的父亲。1.现在进行时的构成现在进行时的构成形式为:am/is/are+v.-ing。v.-ing形式的变化规则如下:2.由“be+v.-ing形式”构成,表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。Hi,lets go skating!Sorry,Im busy right now.I am filling in an application form for a new job.嗨,我们去滑

25、冰吧!很抱歉,我现在很忙。我正在填申请新工作的表格。3.go,come,leave,arrive,return,stop,start,begin,meet等动词用于现在进行时中表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。Im leaving for Beijing tomorrow.明天我要到北京去。4.与always,constantly,forever,continually,all the time 等连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有不满、抱怨或者赞赏等感情色彩。He is always helping others.他总是帮助别人。5.进行时有时可表示渐变过程。His healt

26、h is improving every day.他的健康状况每天都有好转。6.下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。(1)表示心理状态、情感的动词:like,love,hate,care,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need等。(2)表示存在的状态的动词:appear,exist,lie,remain,seem等。(3)表示短暂性、一次性动作的动词:allow,accept,remember,permit,promise,admit,complete等。(4)感官动词:see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look等。练

27、习： 1.Our vacation _ (approach), but we still cant decide where to go.2.The students of our class _(visit) the museum now.3.Hurry up! The train _(leave).4.This song sounds very pleasant. Lets go upstairs and see who _(sing).5.Whens food? Im _(starve).答案以及解析1.答案：is approaching解析：句意为：假期临近，但我们还没决定去哪儿度假。

28、approach在此作动词用，意为临近。由后半句的but we still cant decide可推知假期临近了，设空处需用现在进行时表示将来意义，故填is approaching。2.答案：are visiting解析：考查动词的时态。句意:现在我们班的学生正在参观博物馆。根据时间状语now可知此处表示现在正在进行的动作,应用现在进行时。3.答案：is leaving解析：考查动词的时态。句意:快点!火车就要离开了。少数动词,如:go、 come、 leave、 arrive、 return、 begin等,其现在进行时可以表示“马上就”。4.答案：is singing解析：考查现在进行时

29、。句意:这首歌听起来很悦耳。让我们上楼看看谁在唱歌。根据句意可知,本空表示现在正在发生的动作,故应用现在进行时。5.答案：starving解析：考查动词时态。句意:什么时候有食物?我正挨饿。表示现在进行时,故填starving.5. 过去进行时（1）构成：was/were +现在分词（2）用法：表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作，常有表过去时间的状语（从句）The last time I saw Jane, she was picking cotton in the fields. 我最后一次见简时，她正在地里摘棉花。表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作。常用的时间状语有this mornin

30、g，the whole morning，all day，from nine to ten等We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七点到九点我们在看电视。用过去进行时表过去将来时，与现在进行时表将来相同，表示过去将要发生的动作，常用动词有go，come，stay，leave等She asked him whether he was coming back for supper. 她问他是否要回来吃晚饭。表示过去的反复性或习惯性的动作，常与副词 always，constantly，continually，frequently

31、等连用，常常带有说话人的某种感情色彩His mother was always working like that. 他母亲总是那样工作。练习：1.He said the train _(leave) at six the next morning.2.The children _(play) football happily on the playground when it began to rain heavily.答案以及解析1.答案：was leaving2.答案：were playing6. 现在完成时（1）构成：has/have +过去分词（2）用法：表示一个动作开始于过去，持续

32、到现在（甚至到将来）。常与之连用的时间状语有：lately，recently，in the last (past) few days/ years，since then，up to now，so far等In the past few years, great changes have taken place in my hometown.在过去的几年里，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。表示过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响。常用的状语有：already，ever，just (刚刚），yet，before等He has turned off the light. (=The light is off no

33、w.) 他已经关掉灯了。在“最高级名词”或“It/This is+ the+序数词time”之后的从句中，谓语动词常用现在完成时This is the first time (that) I have come here.这是我第一次来这里。have gone to 意为“去某地了”， 表示此人现在还没回来He has gone to the zoo. 他去动物园了。have been to 意为“去过某地”， 表示此人已经回来了Have you ever been to Shanghai?你去过上海吗？“It has been/is+一段时间since. . . ”意为“自从以来已有多长时间

34、”It has been weeks since I saw Grandma. 我已经好几个星期没有见到祖母了。瞬间动词可以用于完成时态，但不可以接表示一段时间的状语（）He has finished his work.（）He has finished his work for an hour.注意：瞬间动词若用于现在完成时且与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，需在谓语动词、时态或句型方面作相应变化。如：他参军3年了。（）He has joined the army for 3 years.（）He has been in the army for 3 years. (变换动词）（）He join

35、ed the army 3 years ago. (变换时态）（）It has been/is 3 years since he joined the army. (变换句型）练习：1.Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years, while rice_(increase) only 7 percent.2.The musician along with his band members _ (give) ten performances in the last three months.3.You

36、dont need to describe her. I _(meet) her several times.4.They have been discussing the problem for two hours, but they _ (not reach) any result yet.5.My car _(behave) well since it was repaired.答案以及解析1.答案：has increased解析：句意为:在过去的25年里，玉米产量增长了近125%，而大米产量只增长了7%。根据时间状语 over the past 25 years 可知，本句的谓语动词要

37、用现在完成时，故填has increased。2.答案：has given解析：句意：这位音乐家和他的乐队成员在过去的三个月里进行了10场表演。根据时间状语in the last three months可知，谓语动词的时态应用现在完成时；along with连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词应与前面的名词在人称和数上保持一致，故填has given。3.答案：have met4.答案：havent reached解析：考查动词的时态。句意：他们已经讨论这个问题两个小时了，但还没有得出任何结果。根据句意可知此处强调对现在的影响或产生的结果，因此用现在完成时。5.答案：has behaved解析：句

38、意为:我的汽车自修理后一直运行正常。由since it was repaired可知主句用现在完成时，故填has behaved。7. 过去将来时（1）构成：should/would+动词原形was/were going to+动词原形was/were about to+动词原形was/were to+动词原形was/were due to+动词原形was/were +to have done（2）用法：表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态He said he would be here at eight oclock.他说他将在八点钟到这里。He told me he was le

39、aving in an hour. 他告诉我他一小时后就要走了。I was about to take a bath when the telephone rang. 我正要洗澡时电话铃响了。He told me he was to get married the next week. 他告诉我他下周结婚。练习：1.Jenny said she _ (spend) her holiday in China.2.Li Ming said he _ (be) happy if Brian come to China next month.答案：1.答案：would spend解析：考查过去将来时。

40、句意:珍妮说她明年夏天将在中国度过她的假期。此处表示过去将要做的事情, 故用过去将来时。 2.答案：would be解析：考查过去将来时。句意:李明说如果布赖恩下个月来中国, 他将会很高兴。根据句意可知, 应填 would be。 8. 将来进行时（1）构成：will/shall be doing（2）用法：表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作At this time tomorrow, I will be lying on the beach.明天这个时间，我正躺在沙滩上。练习：1.I cant invite you to dinner this weekend as I _(paint) my

41、house at that moment.2.He _(write) his doctoral dissertation(博士学位论文) during May as graduation draws near.答案：1.答案：will be painting解析：考查时态。此处表示将来一段时间内正在发生的动作,故用将来进行时。2.答案：will be writing解析：结合句意并根据时间状语 during May可知,此处表示将来某一时间段内持续进行的动作,故应用将来进行时。9. 过去完成时（1）构成：had +过去分词（2）用法：一件事情发生在过去，而另外一件事情先于它发生（即表示“过去的

42、过去”） , 那么发生在前的动作要用过去完成时。He said that he had been abroad for 3 years. 他说他在国外待了3年。表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作，常用的时间状语有：by/until/before/by the end of+过去的某一时间。By then he had learned English for 3 years. 到那时，他已学了3年英语。hope，expect，mean，intend，want的过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图I had hoped to see more of Shanghai. 我本希

43、望在上海多看看。 （但未能如愿）在“Hardly/Scarcely/Barely. . .when. . .”和“No sooner. . .than. . .”句型中，when和 than从句里用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，且用倒装，表示“刚就”Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down. 我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。在“It was/had been+一段时间+since从句”中，since从句的谓语动词用过去完成时It was ten years since we had had such a wonder

44、ful time.我们有10年没那么高兴过了。在“That/It/This was the first/second/. . .time + that从句”句型中，that从句的谓语动词要用过去完成时It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake.那是他第三次犯同样的错误。练习：1.I_ (mean) to take a good holiday this year, but I was not able to leave.2.I began collecting stamps in February and by Novem

45、ber I _ (collect) more than 2,000.答案：1.答案：had meant解析：句意：我本打算今年好好去度假，却无法脱身。表示过去的打算，发生在第二个分句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，故用过去完成时。 2.答案：had collected解析：句意：我从2月份开始集邮，到11月已收集到了2000多枚。根据时间状语by November可知，此处指11月之前的情况，指过去的过去，故用过去完成时。 10.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时是由“have/has been+v.-ing形式”构成,用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在(还要继续下去)的动作,它具备“未完性、暂时性、感情色彩”等特点。The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.自从上午9点,经理就一直在跟工人们讲如何改进这个项目。It has been raining for 2 days.雨已经下了两天了。(表达说话者“抱怨”的感情色彩)练习：1.I often_ (meet) her at the library. I believe that