大学英语四级图表作文写作.ppt

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1、大学英语四级图表作文大学英语四级图表作文l1、图形种类及概述法：l泛指一份数据图表:adatagraph/chart/diagram/illustration/tablel饼图：piechart表格图：tablel直方图或柱形图：barchart/histograml趋势曲线图：linechart/curvediagraml流程图或过程图：flowchart/sequencediagraml程序图：processing/proceduresdiagraml图表题（图表题（table,bar graph,pie chart,line graph）l图表题的写作逻辑结构：图表题的写作逻辑结构：Pa

2、rt1:Change/percentage/proportionPart2:ReasonsorimplicationsPart3:Conclusion(effects;implications)l图表题（图表题（table,bar graph,pie chart,line graph）l图表题的写作逻辑结构：图表题的写作逻辑结构：lParagraphI:（1）概括描述图表：趋势描写；l（2）具体描述图表：必要数据支持（细节性）。lParagraphII(1)提出自己理由和观点（本段主题句);l（2）细节性分论点（主要是原因，用于支持自己的观点，至少两点）。lParagraphIII:（1）预测

3、未来和提出解决方法；l（2）总结全文和表达作者自己观点l二、相关常用词组l1、主章开头l图表类型：table、chart、diagram、graph、columnchart、piegraphl描述：show、describe、illustrate、canbeseenfrom、clear、reveal、represent、presentl内容：figure、statistic、number、percentage、proportionl2、常用的描述用法lThetable/chartdiagram/graphshows（that）lAccordingtothetable/chartdiagram/

4、graphlAs（is）showninthetable/chartdiagram/graph,lAscanbeseenfromthetable/chart/diagram/graph/figures，lItcanbeseenfromthefigures/statistics(that)lWecanseefromthefigures/statisticslItisclear/apparentfromthefigures/statisticsl不管是graph还是table，都需要进行描述，一般放在文章的第一部分，长度宜适中。描述数据我们要首先看看是几个变量（A），每个变量有几个数据（B），不妨以

5、A*B表示。l如果只有一个变量，有三个数据，可以描述如下：lFromthechartwecanseeclearlythattheaveragenumberofhoursastudentspendsonInternetperweekhasincreasedfromlessthantwohoursin1990tonearlysixhoursin1995,andthentonearly20hoursin2000.l2、图表中的数据（Data）具体表达法数据（Data）在某一个时间段固定不变：fixedintimel在一系列的时间段中转变：changesovertimel持续变化的data在不同情况下

6、：l增加：increase/grow/rise/goupl减少：decrease/growdown/drop/falll波动：rebound/wave/fluctuatel稳定：remainstable/stabilize/leveloffl3、表示数据变化的单词或者词组lrapid/rapidly迅速的，飞快的，险峻的ldramatic/dramatically戏剧性的，生动的lsignificant/significantly有意义的,重大的，重要的lsharp/sharply锐利的，明显的，急剧的lsteep/steeply急剧升降的lsteady/steadily稳固的，坚定不移的lg

7、radual/gradually渐进的，逐渐的lslow/slowly缓慢的，不活跃的lslight/slightly轻微的、略微地lstable/stably稳定的l4、其它在描述中的常用到的词lsignificantchanges图中一些较大变化lnoticeabletrend明显趋势lduringthesameperiod在同一时期lunequally不相等地linthecaseofadv.在的情况下lintermsof/inrespectof/regarding在方面lincontrast相反，大不相同主体段介绍数据或数据变化趋势的常用词详主体段介绍数据或数据变化趋势的常用词详解（每组

8、背三个足够解（每组背三个足够）表示上升的动词：Ascend(ascended)/go up(went up)/grow(grew)/increase(increased)/rise(rose)increase和rise也可以做名词。急剧上升的动词：jump(jumped)/shoot up(shot up)/soar(soared)/surge(soaredsurge可以做名词。表示下降的动词：decline/decrease/descend/dip/drop/fall/go down/sink,decrease/drop可以作名词表示急剧下降的动词：plummet/plunge/表示速度快的

9、形容词、副词(加ly)dramatic/drastic/precipitous/rapid/sharp/steepdramatically/drastically/precipitously/rapidly/sharply/steeply表示幅度大的形容词，副词(加ly)：marked/substantial/significantmarkedly/substantially/significantly表示缓慢，逐渐的形容词，副词(加ly)gentle/gradual/slow/steadygently/gradually/slowly/steadily表示小幅度的形容词，副词(加ly)mod

10、est/moderate/slightmodestly/moderately/slightly表示波动的动词：fluctuateFluctuation 表示在一个水平上稳定的动词：level off/level out/hover/stabilize/reached a plateau 都是不及物动词，动词短语一般加atShare values have levelled off after yesterdays steep rise.House prices now seem to be levelling off after the steep rises of the last few

11、years.The rise in the unemployment figures should level out soon.表示最高点的动词：peak at/reach the highest point atpeak可以做名词表示最低点的动词：reach the bottom at/the lowest point at/bottom out atbottom也可以做名词表示经历了某种变化的及物动词：experience/see/witnessexperienced/saw/witnessed表示达到多少数量的及物动词或词组：amount to/arrive at/hit/reach/

12、register/stand at表示占.(后面加百分比或数字)的及物动词或词组：account for/constitute/represent/make up表示数据由某几部分组成的及物动词或者词组：A is composed of/comprises/consists of/is made up of.B,C and D.表示大约的副词或短语：about/approximately/around/just over/just under/roughl表示分别地，各自地的副词：respectivelyl写图表作文时，要注意遵循以下步骤：1）认真分析图表的含义，弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息

13、间的关系；2）确定文章的主题思想，构思出文章的基本框架，筛选出能说明图表主题思想的典型数据；3）编列文章的提纲；4）根据文章的提纲，将各段的提纲内容扩展成段落，然后将各个段落组成文章，注意段与段之间的衔接与过渡；5）检查与修改。l图表作文的篇章结构写图表作文时，常采用三段式的谋篇方式。文章的第一段往往分析图表中的数据变化反映什么问题或趋势，概述图表所揭示的信息。第二段分析造成这一问题或趋势的原因。第三段则展望未来的情况或提出解决问题的办法或建议。这一结构可以简单地表述为：第一段：概述图表反映的主题思想第二段：分析产生的原因第三段：展望未来或提出方法或建议l l第一部分、四六级作文：图表题型作文

14、DIY写作步骤要求考生从一个表格或者图片出发，按照要求写作，如：1996年6月六级作文、2002年6月四六级作文、2003年6月六级作文、2003年9月六级作文。对这类题型，通常分为三个步骤来写：l l第一段、说明图表主题句图表说明1图表说明2图表说明3l l第二段、说明引起变化的原因主题句原因1原因2原因3l l第三段、说明影响或者提出解决办法主题句+建议+前景预测l l实战演练实战演练实战演练实战演练DirectionsDirections：Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyForthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowrit

15、eacompositiononthetopicminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicPeople People Below Poverty LineBelow Poverty Line.1 1、下图所示为、下图所示为19781978年，年，19851985年年19971997年中国贫困线年中国贫困线以下人口的变化情况，请先描述其变化。以下人口的变化情况，请先描述其变化。22、请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从改革开放、高、请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从改革开放、高科技在生产中的应用等）科技在生产中的应用等）3 3、你认为解决目前中国贫困人口还有什么困难或、你认为解

16、决目前中国贫困人口还有什么困难或者问题。者问题。l l第一段：说明图表开篇句：Asthebarchartshows,_duringtheyearsof_to_.扩展句：1、Asearlyas_.2、Then_yearslater,_.3、Andarrivingintheyear_,_.l l第二段：解释图表变化原因主题句：Severalfactorscontributeto_.扩展句：1、_.(原因1)2、And_.(原因2)3、Furthermore,_(原因3)4、Alltheseresultin_.l l三段：提出解决办法结尾句：However,_isfacedwithsomeprobl

17、ems.扩展句：1、With_,theeffectofwhichisnotonlydiscouraging,butalsochallenging.2、Somyprincipleistopaydueattentionto_,butnotjustto_.l l第一段：说明图表开篇句：Asthebarchartshows,thenumberofpeoplebelowthepovertylinedecreaseddramaticallyduringtheyearsof1978to1997.l l扩展句：1、Asearlyas1978,about250millionpeoplewereunderthep

18、overtyline.2、Thensevenyearslater,thenumberbecamethreefifthsthatof1978.3、Andarrivingintheyear1997,thenumberwasreducedto50millions.l l第二段：解释图表变化原因主题句：Severalfactorscontributetothesharpdecreaseofthebelow-povertypopulation.l l扩展句：扩展句：1 1、Thereformandopeningfollowing1978Thereformandopeningfollowing1978en

19、abledthepeasantstobecomemuchbetteroffenabledthepeasantstobecomemuchbetteroff.(原因原因1)1)2 2、AndwiththedevelopmentofChineseAndwiththedevelopmentofChineseeconomy,thatpolicyalsoimprovedcitydwellerseconomy,thatpolicyalsoimprovedcitydwellerslivesgreatlylivesgreatly.(.(原因原因2)2)l l3、Furthermore,thehigh-techi

20、ntroducedmadeitpossibleforthecountryseconomyasawholetotakeoff.(原因3)4、AlltheseresultinthegreatfalloftheChinesepopulationbelowthepovertyline.l l第三段：提出解决办法结尾句：However,afurtherdecreaseinthenumberofpoverty-strickenpeopleisfacedwithsomeproblems.l l扩展句：扩展句：1 1、WithquitefewemployeesbeinglaidoffWithquitefewe

21、mployeesbeinglaidoff,theeffectofwhichisnotonlydiscouraging,butalsotheeffectofwhichisnotonlydiscouraging,butalsochallenging.challenging.2 2、SomyprincipleistopaydueattentionSomyprincipleistopaydueattentiontothetothenewcomersnewcomers,butnotjusttocareforthepoor,butnotjusttocareforthepoor,say,inremotemo

22、untainareas.say,inremotemountainareas.l l第三部分、范文第三部分、范文Asthebarchartshows,thenumberofpeopleAsthebarchartshows,thenumberofpeoplebelowthepovertylinedecreaseddramaticallyduringbelowthepovertylinedecreaseddramaticallyduringtheyearsof1978to1997.Asearlyas1978,abouttheyearsof1978to1997.Asearlyas1978,about2

23、50millionpeoplewereunderthepovertyline.Then250millionpeoplewereunderthepovertyline.Thensevenyearslater,thenumberbecamethreefifthssevenyearslater,thenumberbecamethreefifthsthatof1978.Andarrivingintheyear1997,thethatof1978.Andarrivingintheyear1997,thenumberwasreducedto50millions.numberwasreducedto50mi

24、llions.l lSeveralfactorscontributetothesharpdecreaseofthebelow-povertypopulation.Thereformandopeningfollowing1978enabledthepeasantstobecomemuchbetteroff.AndwiththedevelopmentofChineseeconomy,thatpolicyalsoimprovedcitydwellerslivesgreatly.l lFurthermore,thehigh-techintroducedmadeitpossibleforthecount

25、ryseconomyasawholetotakeoff.AlltheseresultinthegreatfalloftheChinesepopulationbelowthepovertyline.l lHowever,afurtherdecreaseinthenumberofHowever,afurtherdecreaseinthenumberofpoverty-strickenpeopleisfacedwithsomepoverty-strickenpeopleisfacedwithsomeproblems.Withquitefewemployeesbeinglaidoff,problems

26、.Withquitefewemployeesbeinglaidoff,theeffectofwhichisnotonlydiscouraging,butalsotheeffectofwhichisnotonlydiscouraging,butalsochallenging.Somyprincipleistopaydueattentionchallenging.Somyprincipleistopaydueattentiontothenewcomers,butnotjusttocareforthepoor,tothenewcomers,butnotjusttocareforthepoor,say

27、,inremotemountainareas.say,inremotemountainareas.（四）图表作文基本模式(a)段落一：Accordingtothefiguresgiveninthediagram/picture/piechart,wecanseethat_isincreasinginthepast_,while_isdecreasing.(从整体上对事物发展的趋势作概括)段落二：Possiblereasonsforthisareasfollows.(问题产生的原因)Ontheonehand,_.(原因一)Ontheotherhand,_.(原因二)Furthermore,_.(

28、原因三)l段落三：Fromwhathasbeenanalyzed,wecandrawaconclusionthat_.(得出结论)Asamatteroffact,withtheimprovementsin_,thetrendwillgooninthefuture.(提出改进的方法或措施)Therefore,_.(最后再强调观点)l(b)l段落一：Thechartgivesusanoverallpictureofthe_(图表主题).Thefirstthingwenoticeisthat_(图表最大特点).Thismeansthatas_,_(进一步说明).l段落二：Wecanseefromth

29、estatisticsgiventhat_(图表细节一).Afterv-ing_(细节一中的第一个变化),the_V-ed+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化).Thefiguresalsotellsusthat_(图表细节二).(数据位置，如Inthesecondcolumn),wecanseethat_accountsfor_(进一步描述).l段落三：Judgingfromthesefigures,wecandrawtheconclusionthat_(结论).Thereasonforthis,asfarasIamconcernedisthat_(给出原因)./Itishightimethat(发出

30、倡议)Directions:ForthispartyouareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicStudentUseofComputers.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandbaseyourcompositiononthechartandtheoutlinegivenbelow Average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week1.上图所示为上图所示为1990年、年、1995年、年、2000年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请

31、描述年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化；其变化；2.请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明）说明）3.你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。ModelCompositionlGreat changes have taken place instudent use of computers in the university.The hours the student spent on computersperweekskyroc

32、ketedfromabout2in1990to20in2000,morethan9timeshigher.Thisrapidincreaseprovesthatstudentswereinclosercontactwithcomputers.l Toaccountforthisphenomenon,people have come up with various reasonsas listed below.In the first place,with thedrop in prices of computers,more studentscouldaffordcomputers,there

33、foretheycouldspendmuchmoretimewithcomputers.Inthesecondplace,thecomputerswereappliedtowiderandwideruseandstudentshadtotakeadvantageofthismoderninvention.Lastbutnot the least important,the development ofsocietypushedcomputersintomoredormitories.Whatever the reason,there arestillsomeproblemswithstuden

34、tuseofcomputers.Tobeginwith,manystudentsstillhavenocomputersoftheirown.Whats more,many students usecomputers only to play e-games andbrowse porn websites,which causesharmtotheirmind.（172 words）试题一范文试题一范文lJobsCollegeGraduatesWanttoDolThecharthasclearlyrevealedthedifferencesbetweenfemaleandmalestudent

35、sintheirjobpreferencesandchoicesaftergraduation.试题一范文试题一范文lThemostdesiredjobsforboys,accordingto priority,are managers,businessmen andlawyers.Girls also like to pursue theseprofessions,butthepercentagedropsconsiderably,comparedwiththegreatnumber of girls who are interested inbecomingteachers.试题一范文试题

36、一范文lWhat has brought about this result?Ibelieve that many girls may prefer theteachingpositionsbecausetheyliketotakecare of and give guidance to the youngergeneration,while boys like to becomemanagers and businessmen because theyliketheideaofstandinguptochallengesandwanttoprovethattheyhaveitinthemto

37、bebothsociallyandfinanciallysuccessful.试题一范文试题一范文lThe findings will definitely exert someinfluence on the university education inChina.Tobetterpreparethestudentsfortheirfuture jobs,all universities and colleges inChinashouldtakeintoconsiderationstudentsjobpreferences,whentheydesignsyllabusesandoffercoursestotheirstudents.