汽车尾气催化原理分析.pptx

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1、会计学1汽车尾气催化原理分析汽车尾气催化原理分析背景：汽车尾气的污染背景：汽车尾气的污染以导致雾霾增加的NOx为例（1）轿车Source:SusanC.Anenberg,JoshuaMiller,RayMinjares,LiDu.Impactsandmitigationofexcessdiesel-relatedNOxemissionsin11majorvehiclemarkets.Nature,2017,545(7655):467第1页/共16页（2）重型货车Source:SusanC.Anenberg,JoshuaMiller,RayMinjares,LiDu.Impactsandmiti

2、gationofexcessdiesel-relatedNOxemissionsin11majorvehiclemarkets.Nature,2017,545(7655):467第2页/共16页（3）客车可见，实际排量事实上要比设计排量高出非常多Source:SusanC.Anenberg,JoshuaMiller,RayMinjares,LiDu.Impactsandmitigationofexcessdiesel-relatedNOxemissionsin11majorvehiclemarkets.Nature,2017,545(7655):467第3页/共16页催化器的结构催化器的结构P

3、.Brandt,YanyingWang,J.W.Grizzle.DynamicModelingofaThree-WayCatalystforSIEngineExhaustEmissionControl.IEEETransactionsonControlSystemsTechnology.2000,8(5):767-776第4页/共16页催化剂上发生的反应催化剂上发生的反应n nCO+H2O CO2+H2n n2CO+O2 2CO2n n2C3H6+9O2 6CO2+6H2On nC3H8+5O2 3CO2+4H2On n2H2+O2 2H2On n2NO2 N2+2O2n n2CO+2NO N

4、2+2CO2P.Brandt,YanyingWang,J.W.Grizzle.DynamicModelingofaThree-WayCatalystforSIEngineExhaustEmissionControl.IEEETransactionsonControlSystemsTechnology.2000,8(5):767-776第5页/共16页其中，最主要的反应为以下(以NO代表NOx)：2CO+2NON2+2CO22CO+O22CO2HC+O2CO2+H2OHC+NON2+CO2+H2OP.Brandt,YanyingWang,J.W.Grizzle.DynamicModelingof

5、aThree-WayCatalystforSIEngineExhaustEmissionControl.IEEETransactionsonControlSystemsTechnology.2000,8(5):767-776第6页/共16页P.Brandt,YanyingWang,J.W.Grizzle.DynamicModelingofaThree-WayCatalystforSIEngineExhaustEmissionControl.IEEETransactionsonControlSystemsTechnology.2000,8(5):767-776催化活性最高的：COPtNOxRhH

6、CPd第7页/共16页PPraserthdam，CChaisuk，APanit，KKraiwattanawong，PPraserthdam.SomeaspectsaboutthenatureofsurfacespeciesonPt-basedandMFI-basedcatalystsfortheselectivecatalyticreductionofNObypropeneunderlean-burncondition.AppliedCatalysisBEnvironmental,2002,38(3):227-241第8页/共16页储氧原理储氧原理n nCe2O3是三元催化剂的添加剂n n关键

7、反应：P.Brandt,YanyingWang,J.W.Grizzle.DynamicModelingofaThree-WayCatalystforSIEngineExhaustEmissionControl.IEEETransactionsonControlSystemsTechnology.2000,8(5):767-776第9页/共16页储氧原理储氧原理TransientModelingof3-WayCatalyticConverters.KNPattas，AMStamatelos，PKPistikopoulos，GCKoltsakis，PAKonstantinidis.Sae,1994

8、.第10页/共16页储氧原理储氧原理TransientModelingof3-WayCatalyticConverters.KNPattas，AMStamatelos，PKPistikopoulos，GCKoltsakis，PAKonstantinidis.Sae,1994.第11页/共16页分析分析空燃比对催化的影响空燃比对催化的影响P.Brandt,YanyingWang,J.W.Grizzle.DynamicModelingofaThree-WayCatalystforSIEngineExhaustEmissionControl.IEEETransactionsonControlSyst

9、emsTechnology.2000,8(5):767-776第12页/共16页空燃比与排放成分P.Brandt,YanyingWang,J.W.Grizzle.DynamicModelingofaThree-WayCatalystforSIEngineExhaustEmissionControl.IEEETransactionsonControlSystemsTechnology.2000,8(5):767-776第13页/共16页实例：指导催化剂负载技术实例：指导催化剂负载技术将催化剂分层涂覆，将对NOx和CO催化效率高的Pt和Rh涂在外层，将对HC催化效率高的Pd涂在内层，HC需要进一步扩散进入内层才能够发生反应，就能够有效地减弱HC和NOx的竞争吸附。第14页/共16页谢谢谢谢第15页/共16页