2020中考英语备考真题分类汇编十八任务型阅读（含解析）.pdf

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1、专题十八任务型阅读1.（2019 河北）阅读短文，并按要求完成66 70题Cr i t i c a l t h i n k i n g（批判性思维）i s t r y i n g t o i m pr o v e t h e w a y y o u t h i n k.Pe o pl eu s e c r i t i c a l t h i n k i n g i n e v e r y a r e a o f l i f e t o s o l v e pr o b l e m s a n d e v a l u a t e c l a i m s （评估主张）.L i k e e v e

2、r y o t h e r s k i l l,c r i t i c a l t h i n k i n g t a k e s pr a c t i c e.W h e n a pr o b l e m c o m e so u r w a y,w e n e e d t o t h i n k c r i t i c a l l y t o d e c i d e h o w t o s o l v e i t.W h e n w e s e e a na d v e r t i s e m e n t,f o r e x a m pl e,w e s h o u l d s t o p

3、 a n d t h i n k.Ad v e r t i s e m e n t s a r e m a d e t om a k e pe o pl e f e e l c e r t a i n t h a t t h e y a r e t r u e,a n d t h e n pe o pl e c a n b u y t h e pr o d u c t s.Bu t i s w h a t t h e a d v e r t i s e m e n t s a y s t r u e?Is i t m a k i n g a c l a i m?Or d o e s i t o

4、 n l y i n t e r e s tu s?Cr i t i c a l t h i n k i n g i s i m po r t a n t a n d s t o ps u s f r o m m a k i n g po o r c h o i c e s.In f a c t,w e a r e u s i n g i t i f w e a s k q u e s t i o n s n a t u r a l l y a b o u t w h a t w e s e e.Pr a c t i c e m a k e s pe r f e c t.W h i l e y

5、 o u a r e g r o w i n g i n c r i t i c a l t h i n k i n g,y o u,11b e c o m e a w i s e r a n d m o r e t h o u g h t f u l pe r s o n.T h e r e a r e m a n y w a y s o f d o i n g pr a c t i c e.He r e a r e a f e w.R e a d a b o u t a t o pi c pe o pl e d i s a g r e e o n.L o o k a t a r t i c

6、 l e s o r b o o k s o n a l l s i d e so f t h e s u b j e c t.Fo r e a c h s i d e o f t h e s u b j e c t,t h i n k c a r e f u l l y a n d e v a l u a t ei t.W h e n y o u s e e o r h e a r a c l a i m,a s k q u e s t i o n s a b o u t i t.W h o i s m a k i n g t h e c l a i ma n d w h y?Ev a l

7、u a t e y o u r o w n t h i n k i n g.W h e r e a n d w h y d o y o u t h i n k u n c r i t i c a l l y?Ho w c a ny o u i m pr o v e?Cr i t i c a l t h i n k i n g s h o u l d b e pa r t o f e v e r y t h i n g w e d o.It m a y h e l p y o u t o s u c c e e da t w o r k o r s c h o o l.Ma k e y o u

8、r s e l f i n t o a h a b i t o f c r i t i c a l t h i n k i n g.Ch a n g e y o u rt h o u g h t s a n d c h a n g e y o u r w o r l d.66、67题完成句子；6 8题简略回答问题；6 9题找出并写下第二段的主题句；70题将文中画线句子译成汉语。66.Pe o pl e u s e c r i t i c a l t h i n k i n g t o a n d e v a l u a t ec l a i m s.67.Cr i t i c a l t h

9、i n k i n g c a n s t o p u s f r o m68.W h a t k i n d o f pe r s o n w i l l y o u b e c o m e a s y o u g r o w i n c r i t i c a l t h i n k i n g?69.70.【答案】：66.s o l v e pr o b l e m s.67.m a k i n g po o r c h o i c e s.68.I 11 b e c o m e a w i s e ra n d m o r e t h o u g h t f u l pe r s o

10、n.69.L i k e e v e r y o t h e r s k i l l,c r i t i c a l t h i n k i n g t a k e s pr a c t i c e.7 0.它可能在工作或学校帮助你成功。66.s o l v e pr o b l e m s.67.m a k i n g po o r c h o i c e s.68.I 11 b e c o m e a w i s e ra n d m o r e t h o u g h t f u l pe r s o n.69.L i k e e v e r y o t h e r s k i l l,

11、c r i t i c a l t h i n k i n g t a k e s pr a c t i c e.7 0.它 可能在工作或学校帮助你成功。【解析】：66.细节题，较简单。考察精确查找答案的能力。根据题意锁定第一段第二句 Pe o pl eu s e c r i t i c a l t h i n k i n g i n e v e r y a r e a o f l i f e t o s o l v e pr o b l e m s a n d e v a l u a t ec l a i m s.n 可知答案。67.细节题，较简单。通过题目关键词找到第二段倒数第二句 Cr

12、i t i c a l t h i n k i n g i si m po r t a n t a n d s t o ps u s f r o m m a k i n g po o r c h o i c e s.”为原句可矢口答案。68.细节题，较简单。认真读题，通过关键词“a s y o u g r o w i n c r i t i c a lt h i n k i n g”找到原句为第三段第二句 W h i l e y o u a r e g r o w i n g i n c r i t i c a l t h i n k i n g,y o u 11 b e c o m e a

13、w i s e r a n d m o r e t h o u g h t f u l pe r s o n.”可知答案。此题需要注意两点。1）是原句中的“w h i l e”和题目中的“a s”是同义词，“当.的时候”的意思、。2）任务型阅读中6 8题简略回答问题如果问题中有第二人称时，在回答的时候需要变成相对应的第一人称。69.考察主题句。段落的主题句通常为某段的第一句，此题也不例外。通过对第二段的理解可知，该段第一句为主题句，后面内容都是对第一句的举例及说明。此题较为简单。70.此题难度较低。翻译时需要注意短语h e l p s b t o do及s u c c e e d “成功”的中

14、文释义。2.（2019 扬州）阅读下面短文，根据短文中的信息完成文后表格。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，写成空缺处所填单词的正确形式。（每空一词）No w a d a y s,m a n y pe o pl e i n Ch i n a a n d Ja pa n a r e r a c i n g a g a i n s t t i m e.T h e y pu t al o t o f v a l u e i n “b e i n g o n t i m e”.Ho w e v e r,i n s o m e c o u n t r i e s o f t h e w o r l d,pe o

15、 pl eh a v e d i f f e r e n t o pi n i o n s o n “b e i n g o n t i m e”.Ge r m a n yT h a n k s t o i t s i n d u s t r i a l pa s t,i n Ge r m a n y y o u a r e e x pe c t e d t o a r r i v e a t l e a s tt e n m i n u t e s e a r l i e r f o r a n y pl a n n e d m e e t i n g.In Ge r m a n y,b e

16、 i n g o n t i m e i s r i s k y e n o u g hb e c a u s e y o u r h o s t s w i l l pr o b a b l y a l r e a d y b e t h e r e w a i t i n g,w o n d e r i n g h o w o n e a r t hy o u c o u l d b e s o s t u pi d.W h a t w i l l y o u d o i f a n y t h i n g u n e x pe c t e d h a ppe n s,l i k e h

17、e a v yt r a f f i c o r a s u d d e n r a i n?S o r e m e m b e r t o a r r i v e e a r l y i n Ge r m a n y.S a u d i Ar a b i aS o m e c o u n t r i e s c a r e l i t t l e a b o u t t i m e a n d S a u d i Ar a b i a i s o n e o f t h e m.It sb e c a u s e o f t h e i r l o n g h i s t o r y o f

18、 d e s e r t l i v i n g w h e r e t i m e i s n o t t h e f i r s t t h i n gt o t h i n k a b o u t.It c o u l d b e t h a t i t s t o o h o t t o d o a n y t h i n g o n t i m e.S o d o n te x pe c t t h e m t o b e o n t i m e.Mo r e o v e r,l o o k i n g a t y o u r w a t c h d u r i n g a n e

19、v e n t i s e v e nc o n s i d e r e d a s b a d m a n n e r s.S o d o n t g e t a n g r y w i t h t h e m,e i t h e r.Gh a n aMo s t m e e t i n g t i m e s c a n b e c h a n g e d,e v e n i f a n e x a c t t i m e i s g i v e n,Gh a n a i a n sa r e v e r y r e l a x e d a n d e a s y g o i n g.T

20、h e y t h i n k t h a t i f e v e r y o n e i s l a t e,t h e n n o o n ei s l a t e.Af t e r a l l,w h a t c a n t b e d o n e t o d a y c a n g e t d o n e t o m o r r o w.If y o u f i n di t d i f f i c u l t t o d e a l w i t h,pr e pa r e t o b e u n h a ppy.Ot h e r w i s e,s i t b a c k e n j

21、 o y t h e r i d e.R u s s i aPa t i e n c e i s c o n s i d e r e d a v e r y i m po r t a n t q u a l i t y i n R u s s i a n c u l t u r e b u t b e i n go n t i m e i s n o t.W h e n d o i n g b u s i n e s s i n R u s s i a,d o b e o n t i m e.Ot h e r w i s e,i t w i l lb e c o n s i d e r e d

22、 d i s r e s pe c t f u l.Bu t R u s s i a n s w o n,t h o l d t h e m s e l v e s t o t h e s a m es t a n d a r d.S o,a g a i n,pa t i e n c e c a n b e k e y.Ho w d i f f e r e n t l y pe o pl e 56 b e i n g o n t i m e“i n d i f f e r e n t c o u n t r i e s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Di f

23、f e r e n t o pi n i o n s o n b e i n g o n t i m e”Ch i n a a n d Ja pa n Bo t h Ch i n e s e a n d Ja pa n e s e t h i n k i t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58_ _ _ _ _ _ t o b e o nt i m e.Ge r m a n y 59_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e x pe c t y o u t o a r r i v e e a r l y f o r a n y pl a n n e dm e e t i n g b e c a u

24、 s e o f t h e i n f l u e n c e o f t h e i r i n d u s t r i a l pa s t.Y o u a r e t h o u g h t t o b e s t u pi d _ 60_ _ _ _ _ _ _ y o u a r r i v e a tl e a s t t e n m i n u t e s e a r l i e r.S a u d i Ar a b i aT i m e i s n o t t h e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ t h i n g f o r pe o p

25、l e l i v i n g i nt h e d e s e r t t o c o n s i d e r.L o o k i n g a t y o u r w a t c h d u r i n g a n e v e n t i s c o n s i d e r e d t ob e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62_ _ _ _ _ _ _Gh a n aGh a n a i a n s t h i n k t h a t i f e v e r y o n e i s l a t e,t h e n _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63_ _ _ _ _ _ i s l

26、a t e.Mo s t m e e t i n g t i m e s c a n b e c h a n g e d.Y o u m i g h t b e u n h a ppy i fy o u c a n,t a c c e pt i t.R u s s i aBe pa t i e n t i n R u s s i a b e c a u s e i t s v e r y i m po r t a n t q u a l i t yi n i t s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64_ _ _ _ _ _ _.W h i l e d o i n g b u s i n e s

27、s i n R u s s i a,y o u s h o u l d b e o n t i m e,t h o u g hR u s s i a n s a r e n o t s t r i c t w i t h _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65_ _ _ _ _ _ i n i t.【答案与解析】：56.t h i n k /c o n s i d e r 57.Co u n t r i e s 58.v a l u a b l e 59.Ge r m a n s 60.u n l e s s61.f i r s t 62.r u d e /i m po l i t e 63.n o

28、 b o d y 64.c u l t u r e 65.t h e m s e l v e s解析：56.t h i n k /c o n s i d e r 根据文中第一段第三句的h a v e d i f f e r e n t o pi n i o n s 转换得57.Co u n t r i e s 根据表格第一列都是各国家名可得答案c o u n t r y,注意首字母大写58.v a l u a b l e 根据文中第一段第二句的v a l u e 转换可得59.Ge r m a n s 根据文中第二段的i n Ge r m a n y 可得60.u n l e s s根据文中第

29、三段第一句句意可得61.f i r s t根据文中第四段第二句可得62.i m po l i t e或r u d e根据文中第四段倒数第二句b a d m a n n e r s可得63.n o b o d y根据文中第五段第二句n o o n e转换可得64.c u l t u r e根据最后一段第一句可得6 5.t hems elv es根据最后一段倒数第二句可得3.（2019凉山州）完成表格。阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成表格中所缺的信息，并将其答案的完整形式写在答题卡上相应的位置.每空一词。When 1 w as a t eenager grow ing u p in a t ow

30、n,1 felt s t u dy ing v ery boring,I w ant edt o leav e s chool and hav e my ow n life.There w ere only t w o w ay s for me t o dot his w orking in t he t oy fact ory in my t ow n,or get t ing married.I chos e t he firs tone.I w as nerv ou s w hen I t old myfat her t hat I w ant ed t o leav e s choo

31、l.I t hou ght he w ou ld s ay,No!You are goingt o college.Ins t ead,he s u rpris ed me w hen he s aid,OK.We 1 1 go t o t he t oyfact ory.”Tw o day s lat er,he t ook me t o t he fact ory.I had a v ery romant ic idea of w orkingin a fact ory.1 had imagined ev ery one t o be friendly w orking t oget he

32、r and hav ingfu n.I ev en imagined t here w ou ld be mu s ic and s inging.I gu es s I had w at ched t oomany mov ies as a t eenager.When w e arriv ed at t he fact ory gat es,my fat her s poke t o t he gu ard and one minu t elat er w e w ent ins ide.My fat her s aid,“Take y ou r t ime.Look arou nd.I

33、w alked arou ndt he fact ory,looking at t he bu ildings,t he w orkers,and lis t ening t o t he nois e.Itw as t errible.I ran back t o my fat her and s aid,“I w ant t o go home.”He as ked me,“What do y ou t hink of t he fact ory?”“It s t errible.I replied.“You hav e t he ot her choice if y ou don,t w

34、 ant t o go back t o s chool.B u t I t hinkget t ing married is ev en w ors e!”he s aid.I w ent back t o s chool t he nex t day.From t hen on,I s t u died as hard as I cou ld.Finally I got int o a good college.I enjoy ed s t u dy ing Englis h,s o I decided t o majorin langu ages at college.Thanks t

35、o my fat her and ou r t rip t o t he fact ory,now Iw ork in a company w hich is a big one in a cit y.A nd my fat her t akes pride in me.I married a v ery good man and my life is mu ch bet t er t han it w ou ld hav e been w orkingin t he fact ory!A 9 6 t o a fact ory w it h my fat herA t s choolI fel

36、t bored t o 9 7 .I hav e 9 8 cho ices if Ileav e s chool.I didn,t choos e t o get 9 9 .I choos e t o w ork in a t oy fact ory.I t old my fat her abou t t he decis ion and he 1 0 0In t he fact oryThe fact ory I 1 0 1The w orkers w ou ld hav e 1 0 2 w orkingt oget her.There w ou ld be mu s ic and s in

37、ging.The fact ory I w alk arou ndIt s t errible t o hav e mu ch 1 0 3 .A t 1 0 4I majored in langu ages becau s e I like Englis h.In a big companyI hav e a good family.My fat her is 1 0 5 of my.【答案与解析】作者感到学习很无聊.她的爸爸带她去了一家玩具工厂，看到工厂的情况以后，她决定回到学校努力学习.后来考上了一所好大学，主修语言，现在在城里的一个大公司工作.(1)v is it.考查名词.根据文章介绍

38、可知，作者的爸爸带着她去了工厂，he t ook me t o t he fact ory.看到了工厂工人的工作状态和，工作环境.因此我们可以看出这个句子的意思是和爸爸去工厂的一次参观”，所以填写名词v is it.故答案为 v is it.(2)s t u dy.考 查 动 词.根 据 句 子I felt s t u dy ing v ery boring,我感到学习很无聊“，可以确定此处应该填写s t u dy,这和原文的句子意思相同，在动词不定式符号t。的后面用原形.故答案为s t u dy.(3)t w o.考查数词.根据文中的句子There w ere onlytwo ways fo

39、r me to do this,我有两条路可走，可以看出，如果作者不上学只有两个选择：到玩具厂工作或者结婚.故答案为two.(4)married.考查形容词.根据文中的句子I chose the first one,我选择了第一个.作者不上学只有两箱条路可走，一是working in the toy factory,另一个是 getting married.第一个也就是 working in the toy factory.所以她没有选择结婚，应该填写married.句子的意思是她没有选择结婚.故答案为married.(5)agreed.考查动词.根据第一段 最 后 的 句 子 I thoug

40、ht he would say,No!Youare going to college.Instead,he surprised me when he said,0K.WeJ 11 go to the toy factory,我认为他会说 相反，好吧，我们就去玩具工厂.说明作者的父亲同意了她的要求.因此要填写同意，agreed,和前面的句子在时态上保持一致，因此也用过去式的形式.故答案agreed.(6)imagined.考查动词.根据表格右侧内容，作者想象当中工厂的工人在一起工作是很开心的，还有音乐和歌声.再结合原文的句子I had jmagined everyone确定这是作者原来想象的情况

41、，所以这个短语应该是the factory I imagined.I imagined是定语从句，修 饰 the factory.意思是我想象中的工厂.此处填写imagined,和原文的大部分句子时态一致，用过去式的形式.故答案为imagined.(7)fun.考查名词.根据原文的句子 I had imagined everyone to be friendlyworking together and having fun.我想象在一起工作，每个人都很友好，而且很开心.所以应该填名词fun,有趣的事情，have fun doing sth意思是做某事很开心.故答案为fun.(8)noise.考

42、查名词.根据文中and listeing to the noise,知道这是作者在工厂看到的现象，所以应该填写不可数名词noise,噪音.故答案为noise.(9)last.考查副词.文中说Finally I gotinto a good college.I enjoyed studying English,soI decided to major in languages at college,最后我上了一所好大学，我喜欢学习英语，所以决定在大学主修语言.句首的Finally意思是最后，相当于at last.因此此题应该填写l a s t.故答案为last.(10)proud.考查形容词.原

43、文说 Andmy father takes pride in me,我的爸爸为我感到自豪.短语t ak e p r ide in的意思是为.感到自豪”,相当于be p r oud of,根据横线前边的is和后边的o f确定，这里应该填写形容词p r oud,构成短语be p r oud o f.故答案为p r oud.4.（2 0 1 9 天津）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成句子.F r ien ds ar e an im p or t an t p ar t of our l iv es.W e s p en d t im e wit h t hem,hav e funt oget her,

44、an d s har e our op in ion s,feel in gs an d ev en s ecr et s.L ife woul d be bor in gwit hout fr ien ds.F r ien ds in fl uen ce who we ar e.hel p us l ear n,s up p or t （支持）us in good an dbad t im es,an d car e for us ev en when we ar e n ot hap p y.O ft en,we hav e m an y hap p y m om en t s wit h

45、 our fr ien ds.W e n eed s om eon e t o s har et hin gs wit h t o m ak e t hem m or e en joyabl e.B ein g l on el y for l on g p er iods of t im eis n ot a gr eat feel in g.T hat is why it is im p or t an t t o s p en d t im e m ak in g fr ien ds an d n ur t ur in g（维持）,a cl os e gr oup of fr ien ds

46、.I t is im p or t an t t o hav e a fr ien d t o t al k t o,whet her （不论）it is about as ad or hap p y s ubject.I n good t im es,it is won der ful t o be abl e t o cel ebr at e wit h s om eon e.I t isal s o im p or t an t t o hav e s om eon e s up p or t you if you hav e jus t had an un p l eas an tex

47、p er ien ce.F r ien ds ar c im p or t an t p il l ar s （中 人 物）of s up p or t.F r ien ds t each us im p or t an t l es s on s.N o t wo p er s on s ar e t he s am e.A s t im egoes by,we l ear n t o r es p ect on e an ot her，s differ en ces.T his accep t an ce of ot her s，differ en ces is im p or t an

48、t as we m eet m or e an d m or e p eop l e in our l iv es,s uch asn ew fam il y m em ber s,n eighbour s an d n ew fr ien ds.（1）L ife wit hout fr ien ds.（2）B ein g l on el y for l on g p er iods of time.（3 ）I t is im p or t an t t o hav e a fr ien d t o t al k t o,whet her .(4)You need someone to sup

49、port youif.(5 )No two persons are the same,so weshoul d.【答案与解析】本文介绍的是朋友的重要性，以及如何与朋友相处.(1)would be boring.细节理解题.根据第一段最后的句子 Life would be boring withoutfriends,没有朋友，生活将是很无聊的，可确定此处要填写would be boring.故答案为 would be boring.(2)is not a great feeling.细节理解题.第三段最后的句子 Being lonely for longperiods of time is no

50、t a great feeling,意思是长时间的寂寞不是一种好的感觉.根据这个句子判定此处应该填写is not a great feeling.答案为is not a great feeling.(3)it is about a sad or happy subject.细节理解题.根据文中的句子 It is importantto have a friend to talk to,whether it is about a sad or happy subject,有一个朋友去聊天儿是很重要的，不管你谈的是难过的还是快乐的话题.因此应该填写itis about a sad or happy