无机化学无机化学英文PPT (29).ppt

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1、 group:Fe Co Ni Iron series Ru Rh Pd Os Ir PtPlatinum seriesA mineral associated with the iron series:Fai cobalt:CoAsS Nickel pyrite:NiSFeS Hematite:Fe2O3,magnetite:Fe3O4 Siderite:FeCO3,pyrite:FeS2Iron,Cobalt,or NickelChemical properties:Moderate active metal1.It reacts with dilute acid2.With the ac

2、tion of concentrated acidCold concentrated HNO3 easily make Fe,Co,and Ni passivationM+2H+(dilute)M2+(aq)+H24Fe+10H+NO3-(dilute,cold)4Fe2+NH4+H2OFe+4H+NO3-(thicker)Fe3+NO+2H2OFe+6H+3NO3-(hot,strong)Fe3+3NO2+3H2O3.Reaction with nonmetals4.Form a carbonyl compound with CO,as follows:Fe(CO)5，Co2(CO)8，Ni

3、(CO)4 Pure Fe,Co and Ni are stable in water and air.and Fe3O4and Fe3O4 Except for Fe,the highest oxidation number does not reach up the sum of 3d and 4S electron numbers.Compounds of iron,cobalt,and nickelValence electron configurationCommon oxidation numberHighest oxidation number and its compounds

4、Fe3d64s2+2,+3+6(+8)Na2FeO4(FeO4)Co3d74s2+2,+3 +5 K3CoO4 Ni3d84s2+2,+3 +4 K2NiF6 Fe 0.8914 Fe(OH)0.5468Fe(OH)0.9FeO：/V2324-Fe 0.4089 Fe 0.769 Fe1.91FeO：/V2324-+-Electric potential diagram of iron,cobalt and nickel,as follow:Co 0.282 Co 1.95 Co23-+Ni0.2363Ni 1.68NiO22-+Co0.73 Co(OH)0.17Co(OH)23-Ni0.69

5、 Ni(OH)0.49NiO22Oxidizing:Fe()Co()Ni()oxidizinglargesmall Fe()Co()Ni()F-FeF3 CoF3 *(350 decomposition)Cl-FeCl3 CoCl3 *(The room temperature decomposition)Br-FeBr3 *I-*smalllargestabilitylargesmalllargesmallreducingstability1.Oxides and hydroxides of iron,cobalt and nickel Oxides of iron,cobalt,and n

6、ickelsamplecolorsamplecolorFe2O3reddish-brownCoOgrey-greenFeOblackNi2O32H2Ogrey-blackFe3O4blackNiOgreenCo2O3xH2Odark-brownHydroxide of iron,cobalt and nickel)white(s,Fe(OH)2OHFe22O2without+-+)Reddish-brown(S,Fe(OH)32OReddish-brown)Reducing:Fe()Co()Ni()M=Co,Ni氯化羟钴氯化羟钴(碱式氯化钴碱式氯化钴)blue)Hydroxyl cobalt

7、chloride (Base cobalt chloride)(慢慢)(slow)dark-brown)pink)fruit-green)Black)2M(OH)2+ClO-+H2O 2M(OH)3+Cl-2M(OH)3+6HCl(strong)2MCl2+Cl2+6H2OFeCl3:dark brown,Fe(NO3)39H2O:mauve，FeCl24H2O:waterly blue，FeSO47H2O:light greenSalts of iron,cobalt,and nickel(NH4)2Fe(SO4)26H2O(Mohr salt):light green，CoSO47H2O:

8、mauve,CoCl26H2O:pinkNiCl26H2O:grass-green,NiSO47H2O:dark greenNi(NO3)26H2O:turquoiseHydrolysis in aqueous solutionLight greenFe(H2O)62+Fe(OH)(H2O)5+H+Fe(H2O)63+Fe(OH)(H2O)52+H+mauve=10-9.5=10-3.05Fe(OH)(H2O)52+Fe(OH)2(H2O)4+H+=10-3.26Product of Fe3+hydrolyzation:Fe(OH)3Structure：2Fe(H2O)63+(H2O)4 Fe(OH)2Fe(H2O)44+2H+2H2ODimer of Hydrated irons=10-2.91pinkCo(H2O)62+Co(OH)(H2O)5+H+=10-12.20greenNi(H2O)62+Ni(OH)(H2O)5+H+=10-10.64(FeCl3 Bad board agent)redFe3+is a moderate strength oxidantFe should be added to preserve Fe2+solution Fe2+presents reductive,as follows: