日本文化介绍(全英文版)ppt课件.ppt

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1、为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能Japan JapanisanislandnationinEastAsiacomprisingalargestratovolcanicarchipelagoextendingalongthePacificcoastofAsia.Measuredfromthegeographiccoordinatesystem,Japanis36northoftheequatorand138ea

2、stofthePrimeMeridian.Thecountryisnorth-northeastofChinaandTaiwan(separatedbytheEastChinaSea)andslightlyeastofKorea(separatedbytheSeaofJapan).ThecountryissouthoftheRussianFarEast.为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能Themainislands,sometimescalledtheHomeIslands,are(fromnorthtosouth)H

3、okkaid,Honsh(themainland),ShikokuandKysh.Therearealsoabout3,000smallerislands,includingOkinawa,andislets,someinhabitedandothersuninhabited.Intotal,asof2006,Japansterritoryis377,923.1km,ofwhich374,834kmislandand3,091kmwater.ThismakesJapanstotalareaslightlysmallerthantheU.S.stateofMontana,slightlybigg

4、erthantheBrazilianstateofMatoGrossodoSul.JapanisbiggerthanGermany,Malaysia,NewZealandandtheU.K.,andis1.7timesthesizeofKorea.Composition为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能ClimateJapanbelongstothetemperatezonewithfourdistinctseasons,butitsclimatevariesfromcooltemperateinthenorthtos

5、ubtropicalinthesouth.Theclimateisalsoaffectedbytheseasonalwindsthatblowfromthecontinenttotheoceaninwintersandviceversainsummers.Japanisgenerallyarainycountrywithhighhumidity.Becauseofitswiderangeoflatitude,Japanhasavarietyofclimates,witharangeoftencomparedtothatoftheeastcoastofNorthAmerica,fromNovaS

6、cotiatoGeorgia.Tokyoisatabout35degreesnorthlatitude,comparabletothatofTehran,Athens,orLasVegas.Thegenerallyhumid,temperateclimateexhibitsmarkedseasonalvariationcelebratedinartandliterature,aswellasregionalvariationsrangingfromcoolinHokkaidtosubtropicalinKysh.Climatealsovarieswithaltitudeandwithlocat

7、iononthePacificOceanorontheSeaofJapan.NorthernJapanhaswarmsummersbutlong,coldwinterswithheavysnow.CentralJapanhashot,humidsummersandshortwinters,andsouthwesternJapanhaslong,hot,humidsummersandmildwinters.为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能PopulationAsofMarch2009,Japanspopulationi

8、s127,076,183,1makingittheworldstenthmostpopulatedcountry.Itssizecanbeattributedtofastgrowthratesexperiencedduringthelate19thandearly20thcenturies.Afterhavingexperiencednetpopulationlossoveranumberofyearsduetofallingbirthratesandalmostnonetimmigration,anddespitehavingoneofthehighestlifeexpectanciesin

9、theworldat81.25yearsofageasof2006,2Japanspopulationroseforasecondyearinarowin2009,3mainlybecausemoreJapanesereturnedtoJapanthanleft.citation neededThepopulationofJapanin2000,atNewYear,was127million.Itspopulationdensitywas336peoplepersquarekilometer.ThepopulationrankingofJapandroppedfrom7thto8thin199

10、0andfrom8thto9thin1998and10thsince为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能Clothes-Kimono(和服）ThekimonoisaJapanesetraditionalgarmentwornbywomen,menandchildren.Thewordkimono,whichliterallymeansathingtowear(kiwearandmonothing),hascometodenotethesefull-lengthrobes.Thestandardpluralofthewor

11、dkimonoinEnglishiskimonos,buttheunmarkedJapanesepluralkimonoisalsosometimesused.KimonoareT-shaped,straight-linedrobeswornsothatthehemfallstotheankle,withattachedcollarsandlong,widesleeves.Kimonoarewrappedaroundthebody,alwayswiththeleftsideovertheright(exceptwhendressingthedeadforburial),andsecuredby

12、asashcalledanobi,whichistiedattheback.Kimonoaregenerallywornwithtraditionalfootwearandsplit-toesocksToday,kimonoaremostoftenwornbywomen,andonspecialoccasions.Traditionally,unmarriedwomenworeastyleofkimonocalledfurisodewithalmostfloor-lengthsleeves,onspecialoccasions.Afewolderwomenandevenfewermenstil

13、lwearthekimonoonadailybasis.Menwearthekimonomostoftenatweddings,teaceremonies,andotherveryspecialorveryformaloccasions.ProfessionalsumowrestlersareoftenseeninthekimonobecausetheyarerequiredtoweartraditionalJapanesedresswheneverappearinginpublic为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能A

14、womanskimonomayeasilyexceedUS$10,000;acompletekimonooutfit,withkimono,undergarments,obi,ties,socks,sandals,andaccessories,canexceedUS$20,000.Asingleobimaycostseveralthousanddollars.However,mostkimonosownedbykimonohobbyistsorbypractitionersoftraditionalartsarefarlessexpensive.Enterprisingpeoplemaketh

15、eirownkimonoandundergarmentsbyfollowingastandardpattern,orbyrecyclingolderkimonos.Cheaperandmachine-madefabricscansubstituteforthetraditionalhand-dyedsilk.ThereisalsoathrivingbusinessinJapanforsecond-handkimonos,whichcancostaslittleas500(about$5).Womensobis,however,mostlyremainanexpensiveitem.Althou

16、ghsimplepatternedorplaincoloredonescancostaslittleas1,500(about$15),evenausedobicancosthundredsofdollars,andexperiencedcraftsmanshipisrequiredtomakethem.Mensobis,eventhosemadefromsilk,tendtobemuchlessexpensive,becausetheyarenarrower,shorterandlessdecorativethanthosewornbywomen.ThecostofKimono为深入学习习近

17、平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能2/Sukiyakisuki:j:ki:鸡素烧鸡素烧SukiyakiisoneoftherepresentativefoodsofJapan.Thenamecomesfromthefarmerspadesometimesusedtocookon.Sukiyakirefersdirectlytobroilingbeefonthespade,alongwithsoybeancurd,leeks,andvegetables.Theseasoning调料调料includessoysauces:s,sweet

18、sake,andsugar.为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能JapaneseFood为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能Thestaplesteipl主食主食oftheJapanesedietisrice,riceandsoybeancurdsoup酱汤酱汤beingcommonbreakfastfoods.Therearealsomanypeoplewhoeatbreadforbreakfast.Japanesefoodmostlyconsi

19、stsoffishinsteadofmeat,andalsosoybeans,soitisgoodforthehealth.Foodsthataremostwellreceivedbyforeignersaretempuratempur天妇罗天妇罗,sukiyakisuki:j:ki:鸡素烧鸡素烧,sushisu:i:寿司寿司,sashimis:i:mi生鱼片生鱼片,buckwheatnoodles荞麦面条荞麦面条,andsoybeancurd.为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能First:Tempuratempur天

20、妇罗天妇罗为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能1:Tempuratempur天妇罗天妇罗Thisdishmostlyconsistsofdeep-friedeggplant,squashskw,sweetpotato,andothervegetables,alongwithshrimprimp小虾小虾andFish.OnetheoryisthatthewordtempuracamefromtheSpanishtempera,meaningtemperature.Tempuraiseatenwithaspecialsoys

21、auce-baseddip.天妇罗主要是天妇罗主要是茄子、南瓜、甘薯等菜类以及虾、鱼等的油炸食茄子、南瓜、甘薯等菜类以及虾、鱼等的油炸食品。有一种说法认为品。有一种说法认为“天妇罗天妇罗”的语源是西班牙的语源是西班牙语语“tempera（温度）（温度）”。吃天妇罗时要蘸着一种。吃天妇罗时要蘸着一种特制的油，这种油的主要成分是酱油。特制的油，这种油的主要成分是酱油。为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能3Buckwheatbkwi:tnoodles荞麦面条荞麦面条Buckwheatnoodlesorsobaisalsoaty

22、picalJapanesedish.Therearesomepeoplethateatsobaatleastonceaday.Manyofficeworkersmakeitahabittohavesobaforlunch.Sobanoodlesareamixtureofbuckwheat,flourflau面粉面粉andeggs.Itlookssimilartospaghettiinshape.Itisfirstboiled,andthendippedinasoupmadeofsoysauce,salt,sweetsake,andbonitobni:tushavingswhenitisbein

23、geaten.Becausesobaislong,itisconsideredasymboloflonglife.为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能Culture-teaceremonyTheJapaneseteaceremony,alsocalledtheWayofTea,isaJapaneseculturalactivityinvolvingtheceremonialpreparationandpresentationofmatcha,powderedgreentea.InJapanese,itiscalledch

24、anoyu(茶湯茶湯)orchad(茶道茶道;alsopronouncedsad?).Themannerinwhichitisperformed,ortheartofitsperformance,iscalledotemae.ZenBuddhismwasaprimaryinfluenceinthedevelopmentoftheteaceremony.Teagatheringsareclassifiedasochakaiorchaji(茶事茶事).Chakaiisarelativelysimplecourseofhospitalitythatincludestheserviceofconfec

25、tions,thintea(薄茶薄茶usucha),andperhapsalightmeal.Chajiisamoreformalgathering,usuallywithafull-coursemeal(kaiseki),followedbyconfections,thickteaandthintea.Achajiwilllikelylastatleastfourhours.为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能BushidmeaningWayoftheWarrior,isaJapanesecodeofconductan

26、dawayofthesamurailife,looselyanalogoustotheconceptofchivalry.Itoriginatesfromthesamuraimoralcodeandstressesfrugality,loyalty,martialartsmastery,andhonoruntodeath.Bornoftwomaininfluences,theviolentexistenceofthesamuraiwastemperedbythewisdomandserenityofJapaneseShintoandBuddhism.Bushiddevelopedbetween

27、the9thand12thcenturiesandnumeroustranslateddocumentsdatingfromthe12thto16thcenturiesdemonstrateitswideinfluenceacrossthewholeofJapanalthoughsomescholarshavenotedthetermbushiditselfisrarelyattestedinpremodernliteratureCulture-Bushido武士道武士道为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能Sightsp

28、otOsakaCastleParkMountFujiTokyoDisney为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能OsakaCastleParkJapansthreemajorcitiesofOsakaCastle,thefirstpark,cherryblossomsaroundthecityofGilbert,about4000ofthecherry.OsakaCityhasmorethan400yearsofhistory,higheight,themaximumlevelsetisexpectedtoTaiwan,y

29、oucanviewpanoramicviewofOsaka.OsakaCityisunparalleledbynumerouslargestonesfromthecomposition.Peoplewithaheavysenseofdignity.Parkgreeneverywhere,verylushcherrytreesisagoodplaceforleisurewalks.HavebeenaroundinJapan,YokohamasChinatownChineseNewYearisreallygreatfun.WhereyoucanexperiencethetraditionalChi

30、nesebesidecanenjoytraditionalChinesedishes.为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能TokyoDisneyTokyoDisneyResortissplitintotwodifferentthemeparks:TokyoDisneyLandandTokyoDisneySea.ItwasfirstopenedonApril15th,1983andhassinceearnedmanypositivereviews.Bothofthethemeparksopenat9aminthemorni

31、ngandclosesat10pmintheevening.ThemostamazingthingsaboutthisresortisthatisisrevolvedaroundtheDisneyDreamtheme,andinvolvesalotofsimpleyetattractiveridesforkids.TheDisneyparadeeverySaturdayafternoonisalsoahugeeventinvolvingpuppetshows,dressups,princesscompetitionsandmanymore.为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大

32、精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能MountFujiisthehighestmountaininJapanat3,776.24m(12,389ft).Anactivestratovolcano5thatlasteruptedin170708,MountFujiliesabout100kilometres(60miles)south-westofTokyo,andcanbeseenfromthereonaclearday.MountFujisexceptionallysymmetricalconeisawell-knownsymbolofJapananditisfreque

33、ntlydepictedinartandphotographs,aswellasvisitedbysightseersandclimbers.ItisoneofJapansThreeHolyMountains(三霊山)alongwithMountTateandMountHakeu.MountFuji为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能MountFujiThecurrentkanjiforMountFuji,富富and士士,meanwealthorabundantandamanwithacertainstatusrespe

34、ctively.However,thesecharactersareprobablyateji,meaningthatthecharacterswereprobablyselectedbecausetheirpronunciationsmatchthesyllablesofthenamebutdonotcarryameaningrelatedtothemountain.TheoriginofthenameFujiisunclear.Atextofthe10thcenturyTale of the Bamboo Cuttersaysthatthenamecamefromimmortalandal

35、sofromtheimageofabundantsoldiersascendingtheslopesofthemountainAnearlyfolketymologyclaimsthatFujicamefrom不二不二(not+two),meaningwithout equalornonpareil.Anotherclaimsthatitcamefrom不尽不尽(not+to exhaust),meaningneverending.AJapaneseclassicalscholarintheEdoera,HirataAtsutane,speculatedthatthenameisfromawo

36、rdmeaningamountainstandingupshapelyasanear(ho)ofariceplant.ABritishmissionaryBobChiggleson(18541944)arguedthatthenameisfromtheAinuwordforfire(fuchi)ofthefiredeity(KamuiFuchi),whichwasdeniedbyaJapaneselinguistKysukeKindaichi(18821971)onthegroundsofphoneticdevelopment(soundchange).Itisalsopointedoutth

37、athuchimeansanoldwomanandapeisthewordforfire,ape huchi kamuybeingthefiredeity.ResearchonthedistributionofplacenamesthatincludefujiasapartalsosuggesttheoriginofthewordfujiisintheYamatolanguageratherthanAinu.AJapanesetoponymistKanjiKagamiarguedthatthenamehasthesamerootaswisteria(fuji)andrainbow(niji,b

38、utwithanalternativewordfuji),andcamefromitslongwell-shapedslope.为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能festivalNewYear(正月正月,Shgatsu)Date:1-3ofJanuary(relatedcelebrationstakeplacethroughoutJanuary)OtherNames:Oshgatsu(Oisanhonorifi

39、cprefix)DollFestival(雏祭雏祭,DollFestival)Date:3MarchOtherNames:SangatsuSekku(3rdmonthFestival),MomoSekku(PeachFestival),JoshinoSekku(GirlsFestival)Information:Thisisthedayfamiliesprayforthehappinessandprosperityoftheirgirlsandtohelpensurethattheygrowuphealthyandbeautiful.Thecelebrationtakesplacebothin

40、sidethehomeandattheseashore.Bothpartsaremeanttowardoffevilspiritsfromgirls.Younggirlsputontheirbestkimonosandvisittheirfriendshomes.Tieredplatformsforhinaningy(hinadolls;asetofdollsrepresentingtheemperor,empress,attendants,andmusiciansinancientcourtdress)aresetupinthehome,andthefamilycelebrateswitha

41、specialmealofhishimochi(diamond-shapedricecakes)andshirozake(ricemaltwithsake).为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能festivalHanami(花见花见,Hanami)HanamipartyalongSakaiRiverinBeppu,OitaDate:AprilOtherNames:Hanami(flowerviewing),CherryBlossomFestivalBoysDay(子供日子供日,Kodomonohi)Date:5MayOt

42、herNames:IrisFestival(菖蒲节句菖蒲节句,ShbunoSekku),TangoFestival(端午节句端午节句,TangonoSekku)Information:VariousflowerfestivalsareheldatShintoshrinesduringthemonthofApril.Excursionsandpicnicsforenjoyingflowers,particularlycherryblossomsarealsocommon.Insomeplacesflowerviewingpartiesareheldontraditionallyfixeddate

43、s.Thisisoneofthemostpopulareventsduringspring.Thesubjectofflowerviewinghaslongheldanimportantplaceinliterature,danceandthefinearts.Ikebana(flowerarrangement)isalsoapopularpartofJapanesecultureandisstillpracticedbymanypeopletoday.Somemainthingspeopledoduringthiseventare:games,folksongs,folkdance,flow

44、erdisplays,rides,parades,concerts,kimonoshows,boothswithfoodandotherthings,beautypageant,andreligiousceremonies.Information:MayisthemonthoftheIrisFestival.Thetall-stemmedJapaneseirisisasymbolicflower.Itslong,narrowleavesresemblethesharpbladesoffasword,andformanycenturiesithasbeenthecustomtoplaceiris

45、leavesinaboysbathtogivehimamartialspirit.OriginallyMay5thwasafestivalforboyscorrespondingtotheDollFestival,forgirls,butin1948itwasrenamedChildrensDay,andmadeanationalholiday.However,thismightbeamisnomer;thesymbolsofcourageandstrengthmainlyhonorboys.Itiscustomaryonthisdayforfamilieswithmalechildrento

46、flykoinobori(carpstreamers,asymbolofsuccess)outsidethehouse,displaywarriordolls(mushaningy)inside,andeatchimaki(ricecakeswrappedincogangrassorbambooleaves)andkashiwamochi(ricecakesfilledwithbeanpasteandwrappedinoakleaves).Alsoknownaskodomonohi为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能fe

47、stivalTanabata(七夕七夕,Tanabata)Date:7JulyOtherNames:TheStarFestivalBonFestival(盆盆,bon)Date:13-15AugustOtherNames:urabon(盂兰盆盂兰盆,urabon)7-5-3Festival(七五三七五三,Shichigosan)Date:15NovemberInformation:Five-year-oldboysandseven-orthree-year-oldgirlsaretakentothelocalshrinetoprayfortheirsafeandhealthyfuture.Th

48、isfestivalstartedbecauseofthebeliefthatchildrenofcertainageswereespeciallypronetobadluckandhenceinneedofdivineprotection.Childrenareusuallydressedintraditionalclothingfortheoccasionandaftervisitingtheshrinemanypeoplebuychitose-ame(thousand-yearcandy)soldattheshrine.为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神,贯彻全国

49、教育大会精神,充分发挥中小学图书室育人功能festivalPreparationfortheNewYearandYear-endfairDate:lateDecemberOtherNames:Year-end(年瀬年瀬,toshinose),Year-endFair(年市年市,ToshinoIchi)misoka(大晦日大晦日,misoka)Date:31DecemberInformation:Peopledothegeneralhousecleaning(sji)towelcomecomingyearandnottokeephavingimpureinfluences.Manypeoplev

50、isitBuddhisttemplestohearthetemplebellsrung108timesatmidnight(joyanokane).Thisistoannouncethepassingoftheoldyearandthecomingofthenew.Thereasontheyarerung108timesisbecauseoftheBuddhistbeliefthathumanbeingsareplaguedby108earthlydesiresorpassions(bonn).Witheachringonedesireisdispelled.Itisalsoacustomto