无机化学无机化学英文PPT (25).ppt

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1、(1)The structure of elemental sulfur S：sp3 hybridizes to form a S8 molecule 3.Sulfur and its compounds1.Elemental sulfur(know)S8 moleculeElastic sulfurSulfur chainStretch chainWinding chainAllotropes of sulfurOrthorhombic sulfurMonoclinic flowNatural sulfurExperimentFormation of elastic sulfur 5.3 P

2、reparation,properties and uses of elemental sulfur5.2.The bonding characteristics of sulfur(1)It can accept two electrons from an atom with less electronegativity to form a S2-ionic sulfide.(2)It can form two covalent single bonds to form a covalent sulfide(3)It can form a covalent double bond(4)By

3、using 3d orbitals in sulfur atoms,the electrons in 3s and 3p can jump to 3d orbitals to participate in bonding,and therefore to form a positive oxidation state with a higher oxidation number(5)It can form the long-chain sulfur of the-Sn-on the basis of the structural characteristics of elemental sul

4、fur.。3FeS2+12C+8O2=Fe3O4+12CO+6S(3)The chemical properties of sulfur(know)nDirectly combine with many metalsn Directly react with hydrogen,oxygen,carbon,phosphorus,and halogens(except iodine).n Interact with oxidizing acidsn React with alkaliSulfur burns in the air2.Hydrogen sulfide and sulfideH2S i

5、s colorless,but has the smell of rotten eggs with highly toxic gas.It can be slightly dissolved in water.The aqueous solution is acidic,a weak dibasic acid.Reducibility.(1)Hydrogen sulfide(grasp)The structure of H2S is similar to that of H2O.lone electron pair lone electron pair Sulfur vapor can dir

6、ectly combine with hydrogen to produce hydrogen sulfide.FeS+2H+Fe2+H2SNa2S+H2SO4 Na2SO4+H2S Molecular structure：is similar to that of water Weak acid,and easy ionization in waterH2S H+HSHS H+S2 ReducibilityH2S+I2 2HI+SH2S+4Br2+4H2O H2SO4+8HBr2H2S+O2 2H2O+2SFerrous sulfide with diluted hydrochloric a

7、cid is often used in the laboratory to generate hydrogen sulfide,as follows:(2)Metal sulfides(Understand its solubility)Law of its solubilityMany metals can react with sulfur to form sulfides.Na2S、(NH4)2S、K2S are soluble in water,but others solubility is very small.KSP 10-24,sulfide is generally sol

8、uble in dilute acid:10-30 KSP 10-24,it can be dissolved in dilute HCl(via coordination with Cl):KSP 10-24,add nitric acid to occur oxidation reaction:Polysulfides:Adding sulfur powder to soluble sulfide can generate metal sulfide:SnS22-、Na2S、Na2S3(1)The structure of SO2 S：sp2 hybrid，OSO=119.5，The bo

9、nd length of S-O is 143.2 pm4.sulfur dioxide,sulfonic acid,and its salts(know)S:sp2 hybridization,2 bonds,3(2)The properties SO2 It is a colorless gas,but has a strong pungent odor and is easily soluble in water.Sulfur oxide structure(3)Sulfur trioxide Pure SO3 is a volatile colorless solid and it i

10、s also a strong oxidant which can burn elemental phosphorus and also oxidize iodide to elemental iodine;In industry,it is mainly used to produce sulfuric acid.10SO3+4P4 10SO2+P4O10 SO3+2KI K2SO3+I22SO2+O2 2SO3 Preparation:StructureGaseous：Plane triangleSolid：Asbestos shape,composed of SO4 tetrahedro

11、ns connected into an infinite chain moleculeOrthorhombic modified trimer(SO3)3,ring S3O9The structure of H2SO4S：sp3 hybrid The properties of concentrated H2SO4(1)Strong binary acid(2)Strong water absorption：desiccant.(3)Strong oxidizability:extracted from fiber and sugar.Oxyacid molecular formula fo

12、rm Structural featuressulfuric acid H2SO4 self S：sp3 hybrid Thiosulfate H2S2O3*S replace of O replacePyrosulfuric acid H2S2O7 2 H2SO4 remove of H2O oxygen bridge Hyposulfuric acid H2S2O6*-OH is replaced by-SO2(OH)sulfur chain most of S atoms in the oxoacid molecule belong to sp 3 hybridized.The form

13、ation and molecular structure characteristics of persulfuric acid Oxyacid molecular formula form Structural featurespermonosulphuric acid H2SO5 1H in H2O2 is replaced -O-O-by-SO2(OH)peroxydisulfuric acid H2S2O8 2H in H2O2 is replaced -O-O-by-SO2(OH)e.g.:metabisulfite(Se.g.:metabisulfite(S2 2OO5 522)

14、:1 S atom is):1 S atom is sp sp 3 3 hybridized,1 S atom is sp hybridized,1 S atom is sp2 2 hybridized.hybridized.Types and molecular structure characteristics of oxo acids of sulfuric acid series Sulfurous acid H2SO3 Hyposulphurous acid H2S2O4,S:sp 3 hybrid Peroxodisulfuric acid H2S2O8OOxyacids of c

15、halcogentypenameChemical formulaSoxidationnumberStructural formulaSulfurous acid seriesSulfurous acidHyposulphurous acid H2SO3H2S2O4+4+3Sulfuric acid seriessulfuric acid ThiosulfatePyrosulfuric acidH2SO4H2S2O3H2S2O7+6+2+6Persulfuric acid seriespermonosulphuric acid peroxydisulfuric acidH2SO5H2S2O8+6

16、+6Sulfuric acid seriestetrathionic acidpolythionic acidH2S4O6H2HxO6+2.5Oxyacids of chalcogen6.Other oxyacids and salts of sulfurnPyrosulfuric acid and its saltnH2S2O7 is a colorless crystal with hydratation and is more corrosive than H2SO4.n Thiosulfuric acid and its salt Na2S2O3 5H2On Haibo,soda,easy to dissolve in water and decompose with acid,and reducibility.n Persulfuric acid and its salt K2S2O8 (NH4)2S2O8n Strong oxidants,its stability is very poor.