句子句子成分讲义.ppt

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1、英语句子的种类英语句子的种类简单句简单句 (simple sentence)并列句并列句(compound sentence)复合句复合句(complex sentence)简单句简单句 (simple sentence)A.B.两个主语和一个两个主语和一个谓语谓语 Steve and his friend are coming to dinner.C.一个主语和两个一个主语和两个谓语谓语 Mary opened the door and greeted the guests.简单句的简单句的五种基本句型五种基本句型基本句型基本句型 一一主语主语+谓（不及物动词）谓（不及物动词）(S+V)V

2、（不及物（不及物动词动词）1.The moon 2.The man3.He4.Theyrose.cooked.is playinghave gone基本句型基本句型 二二+主系表主系表(形容词，名词，介词短语，不形容词，名词，介词短语，不定式和分词等）定式和分词等）系动词分为以下几类：系动词分为以下几类：判断类：判断类：be,prove似乎类：似乎类：seem,appear,look感官类：感官类：feel,look,sound,smell,taste变成类：变成类：become,come,go,get,grow,fall,turn仍然类：仍然类：remain,continue,stay,ke

3、ep（系（系动词动词）(表表语语)1.This 2.The dinner3.He 4.Everythingis smellsfell looks an English dictionary.good.happy.different.基本句型基本句型 三三+主谓主谓（及物动词）（及物动词）（及物动词）（及物动词）宾宾（实义动词实义动词）(宾语宾语)1.Who 2.She 3.He 4.He knows laugh at understands made the answer?her.English.cakes.基本句型基本句型 四四+IO+主谓（及物动词）间宾直宾主谓（及物动词）间宾直宾这两个宾

4、语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。者。（及（及物）物）（多指（多指人）人）（多指物）（多指物）1.He 2.I 3.I showed gave told her him him my pictures.a hand.how to run the machine.基本句型基本句型 五五+主谓（及物动词）宾宾补主谓（及物动词）宾宾补 动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语

5、，才能使意思完整。（及物）（及物）（宾语宾语）（宾补宾补）1.We 2.They3.What 4.He keep painted makes asked the table the door him me clean.green.sad?to come back soon.（二）（二）1.They work hard.主主 +谓谓2.The flower is dead.主主+系系+表表3.Plants need water.主主+谓谓+宾宾4.He gives me some seeds.主主+谓谓+直宾直宾+简宾简宾5.We should keep the plants in the sh

6、ade.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补6.Many animals live in trees.主主 +谓谓并列句并列句(compound sentence):把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来，把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来，则成为一个并列句。则成为一个并列句。常用并列连词常用并列连词平行并列连词平行并列连词:转折并列连词：转折并列连词：因果并列连词因果并列连词:选择并列连词选择并列连词:and,bothand,not only but also,neithernorbut,however,while,yetfor,soor,eitherore.g.The teachers name i

7、s Smith,and the students name is John.e.g.He was a little man with thick glasses,but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.复合句复合句:主句主句+从句从句 主句是一个完整的句子,它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在.在复合句中，主要包含以下类型从句：在复合句中，主要包含以下类型从句：1.主语从句主语从句 2.宾语从句宾语从句 3.表语从句表语从句 4.同位语从句同位语从句 5.状

8、语从句状语从句 6.定语从句定语从句句子成分句子成分定语：定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示 Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）（形容词）China is a developing country;America is a developed country.（分词）（分词）There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）（名词）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）（代词）Our monitor is alway

9、s the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）（不定式短语）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）（动名词）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）状语：状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语介词短语）He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）（不定式短语）He is in the room making a model plane.（分词（分词短语）短语）Wait a minute.（名词）（名词）Once you begin,you must continue.（状语从句）状语从句）状语种类如下：状语种类如下：原因状语条件状语地点状语方式状语伴随状语目的状语结果状语让步状语时间状语比较状语 I am taller than he is.