并列连词缺失.ppt

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1、Inter-clausal Coordinator Loss in Chinese University Students English Writing:A Cultural Perspective中国大学生英语写作中分句间并列连词缺失的语言文化因素1.Introduction of coordinatorForm:and,or,but,so,nor,yet,for,while,whereas,only(Biber et al.(1999)Syntactic function:structuring coordinatione.g.,Its just greed and profit to

2、gain.(phrasal)I dont want to speak too soon,but I think I have been fairly consistent this season.(clausal)2.Previous studies(1)Syntactic function of coordinator(2)Semantics of coordinator(3)Grammaticalization of coordinator(4)L2 acquisition of coordinator(5)Coordinator and discourse cohesion(6)Coor

3、dination and intercultural communication(7)“And”study(8)Sentence-initial coordinator2.1 Inter-clausal coordinator losse.g.,(run-on sentence)As for him,today is the spring of hope,today is the winter of despair.Similarly,since 1950,Mao had launched several campaigns to stabilize the newly established

4、 country,the most important policy is to land reform.3.Research questionWhat is the pattern of inter-clausal coordinator loss in Chinese university students English writing?And how is this pattern related to Chinese linguistic culture?Clause:finite or non-finite3.1 Framework of the semantics of coor

5、dinatorBased on Halliday&Hasan(1976):Semantic type(semantic relationship between coordinate clauses)CoordinatorAdditiveand,or,norAdversativebut,yet,while,whereas,onlyCausalso,and,forTemporaland4.Data137 English essays respectively written by 137 English majors(25 juniors and 112 sophomores),includin

6、g narrative,descriptive and argumentative types,controlled for length5.Results&DiscussionSemantic type of coordinatorToken of lossAdditive(and-loss)80Adversative(but-loss)15(10 conjunctive-adverb triggered loss)Causal(so-loss,for-loss)34(11 conjunctive-adverb triggered loss)Temporal(and-loss)3(all c

7、onjunctive-adverb triggered loss)Total1325.1 Temporal coordinator lossAll 3 are conjunctive adverb triggered loss:He came back home as soon as he could and did the cooking,then he did his homework and waiting for his parents came back home.After coming out from her mothers body,she even didnt cry un

8、til the doctor dabbed her little ass,then fell asleep soon again after making a short but full-mouthed cry.It was really a hard time for me,however,I did my best to prevail all the difficulties in front of me,finally,I recovered from my illness and also I have passed the college entrance examination

9、,and being a college student.5.2 Adversative coordinator loss10 are conjunctive adverb triggered loss,e.g.,I know the job market nowadays is full of competitions,however,challenge is welcome.5 are non-triggered,e.g.,Maybe,there is still a long tough way to go for me,Im firmly convinced that Ill do m

10、y best and get my own victory.5.3 Causal coordinator loss11 are conjunctive adverb triggered loss,e.g.,The globe itself is a circle,and it interchanges the water and the moisture in his way,therefore,you will finally gain what you have scattered.We were afraid that it would be colder on the top of t

11、he mountain,hence we rented some coats.23 are non-triggered,e.g.,Life is full of obstacles in the way,each of us would get stuck in the difficulties sooner or later.(“so”-loss)It is useless being sad or even pessimistic,in my mind,it just makes us stupid.(“for”-loss)5.4 Additive coordinator lossAddi

12、tive andToken of lossExtensional(exemplification,elaboration,expansion)10Ground/figure11Analogy,comparison,contrast595.4.1 Extensional coordinator loss11 ground/figure coordinator loss:Night fell tranquilly,I am wandering around her dream world again.10 extensional coordinator loss:Im a common perso

13、n,I have a general appearance.5.4.1 Extensional coordinator loss59 analogy,comparison and contrast coordinator loss:All is not gold that glitters,a small coin also can glitter!As for him,today is the spring of hope,today is the winter of despair.I would tell my secret to them,I would also very like

14、to give them a hand whenever it is needed.Tonight,the vacant and pensive moods seemed to flee away,all the constant sorrows seemed to melt away.In a word,I am a pessimist,I am a negative girl.5.5 Discussion23 non-triggered loss of causal coordinator;5 non-triggered loss of adversative coordinator;80

15、 additive coordinator loss(11 ground/figure,10 extensional,and 59 analogy,comparison and contrast)49(23+5+11+10)reflecting:semantic adhesion(意合性语言思维)59 reflecting：Coupling(耦合性语言思维)5.5 Discussion(i)Coupling entails semantic adhesion,and it is a key feature of Chinese linguistic culture and characteri

16、stic of the Chinese linguistic thinking pattern and syntactic structuring(申小龙,2004,etc.);(ii)A coordinator like“and”in coupling may break the structural balance between two coordinates since it introduces and then becomes part of the second coordinate,and it may also break the prosodic esthetics of coupling structure;(iii)Chinese university students EFL writing reflects the linguistic culture of L1Limitations(i)Corpus size(ii)Qualitative nature(ii)Theoretical frameworkEtc.Thank you!