现在分词和过去分词分析.pptx

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1、现在分词的形式主动语态被动语态一般式DoingBeing done完成式Having doneHaving been done第1页/共50页现在分词的一般式通常表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。如：She sat there reading a novel.她坐在那里看小说。A little child learning to walk often falls.学走路的小孩常常跌跤。现在分词的一般式所表示的动作有时在谓语动词的动作之前发生。如：Going into the room,he shut the door.走进房间，他就关上了门。第2页/共50页现在分词的完成式表示其动作在谓语动

2、词的动作之前完成。Having finished her homework,the little girl began to watch TV.做完作业后，这个小女孩开始看电视。Having lived in Beijing for many years,Carter knew the city well.因为在北京住了多年，卡特对这个城市很熟悉。第3页/共50页现在分词的作用现在分词由动词原形加词尾-ing构成，现在分词具有双重性，一方面有动词的性质，可以有状语和宾语，另一方面又有形容词的性质，可以用作定语。E.g.Going down town I met a friend.Do you

3、know that man carrying a large umbrella?It is an interesting book.现在分词going有状语down town现在分词carrying有宾语a large umbrella现在分词interesting用做定语，相当于形容词，修饰book第4页/共50页现在分词做表语可有比较形式，也可以被very等副词修饰。例：This story is very interesting.Traveling is interesting but tiring.这里的traveling是动名词，具有名词的性质，做主语。构成句子的主-系-表结构。第5

4、页/共50页练习 Teaching students of threshold level is hard work but the effort is very .A.precious B.rewarding C.worth D.challengingB 教入门水平的学生是艰辛的工作，但是这种努力是非常有意义的。第6页/共50页现在分词（短语）做定语I am reading an interesting novel.我正在看一本有趣的小说。She is a charming child.她是一个招人喜爱的小孩。One of the delegates asked an embarrassin

5、g question.其中一位代表提出了一个令人难堪的问题。单个的现在分词做定语时通常前置第7页/共50页Most of the young teachers working in this university are Ph.D.在这所大学工作的大多数 年轻教师都是博士。The man speaking to us the other day has gone to Japan.现在分词短语做定语时通常后置，相当于一个定语从句相当于定语从句：who work in this university那天同我们讲话的那个人到日本去了。相当于定语从句：who spoke第8页/共50页 As ear

6、ly as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free,tax-supported schools must be established in every town 50 households or more.A.having B.to have C.to have had D.having hadA早在1674年，俄亥俄州就做出了一个决定，要求在每一个有50户或50户以上的住户的城镇设立由税收支持的免费学校。There was a very interesting remark in a book by an Englishman that I read rec

7、ently what he thought was a reason for this American characteristic.A.giving B.gave C.to give D.givenA我最近读了一本由一个英国人写的书，里面有一句很有趣的话，它表达了作者对这种美国特征的一个根源的理解。练 习第9页/共50页现在分词短语作状语 现在分词用作状语可表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、或伴随情况。第10页/共50页现在分词（短语）作时间状语Walking along the street one day,she saw a little girl running up to h

8、er.When visiting a strange city,I like to have a guide-book with me.游览陌生城市时，我喜欢随身带着导游手册。相当于时间状语从句：When she was walking along the street one day有一天她正沿着大街向前走时，她看见一个小女孩朝她跑了过来。现在分词短语强调与谓语动词的动作发生的顺序时，前面可带有when，while，after，before，since等从属连词。第11页/共50页现在分词（短语）作原因状语Having no place to go,the man wandered abou

9、t in the street.Living in the country,we have few social engagements.相当于原因状语从句：Because the man has no place to go相当于原因状语从句：Because we were living in the country由于没有要去的地方，那个男人只好在街上徘徊。我们住在乡村，交际的机会很少。第12页/共50页现在分词（短语）作结果状语Jeff fell off the bike,cutting his leg.Jeff从自行车上摔下来，划破了腿。It rained heavily,causin

10、g severe flooding in that country.大雨滂沱，造成了那个国家洪水泛滥。第13页/共50页现在分词（短语）作条件状语Working hard,you will succeed.努力工作，你就会成功。Standing on the building,you can see the whole city.站在那座楼上，你会看到整个城市。第14页/共50页现在分词（短语）作让步状语Such committees,being very balanced,almost never succeed in making unequivocal judgments.这种委员会虽然

11、代表性很均衡，但几乎从未做出过十分明确的决定。Although living miles away,you went to visit him.尽管住在几英里之外，你还是去看他了。第15页/共50页现在分词（短语）作方式状语He came running back to tell us the news.他跑着回来告诉我们这个消息。He looked out of the window,as though thinking.他向窗外望去，似乎在思考。第16页/共50页现在分词（短语）作伴随状语His wife came into the house carrying a bundle of c

12、lothes.他妻子拿着一包衣服走进屋内。Tom entered college at the age of 18,graduating four years later at the head of his class.Tom18岁上大学，4年之后毕业时名列前茅。第17页/共50页现在分词（短语）用作宾语补语 用作宾语补语时，现在分词与其前面的宾语构成复合宾语。具有这种复合宾语的谓语动词多为表示感觉的动词。如：I saw the naughty boy hitting the dog.我看见那个顽皮的孩子打狗。I felt the house shaking.我觉得房子在摇晃。这样的动词还有

13、：find,hear,smell,observe,watch,notice,look at,listen to等第18页/共50页现在分词（短语）用作宾语补语 有些役使动词后也可以接含有现在分词的复合宾语，这样的动词有：have,get,catch,keep,leave等 E.g.Well soon have you walking about again.我们将很快的使你能再走动。Can you get the clock going again?你能使这钟再走吗？第19页/共50页现在分词（短语）用作宾语补语 作为宾语补语的现在分词有时前面有介词as，前面的动词多为：regard,cons

14、ider,describe,quote,picture,see,think of等 E.g.We consider this sentence pattern as being useful.我们认为这种句型是有用的。They regarded the contract as having been broken.他们认为合同已被破坏。第20页/共50页现在分词（短语）用作主语补语用作主语补语，多用于被动语态，与主语构成复合主语。E.g.He was seen going upstairs.有人看见他上楼的。She was heard singing all the time.人们听到她一直在

15、唱。第21页/共50页现在分词独立结构 现在分词可有其独立的逻辑主语。这种主语常常是名词或代词主语，置于现在分词之前，二者构成一种分词独立结构。现在分词独立结构常用作状语，置于句首或句末，偶尔也置于句中。现在分词的独立结构可用来表示时间、原因、条件、方式、或伴随状况等。现在分词独立结构有时可由介词with或without引导。第22页/共50页练 习Night (fall),we hurried home.falling表时间的现在分词短语：夜幕降临时，我们匆忙赶回家去。The atom (be)very small,we can not see it with the naked eye.b

16、eing表原因：由于原子很小，我们用肉眼看不到它。,a man who express himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.A.Other things being equal B.Were other things equal C.To be equal to other things D.Other things to be equalA表条件：如果其它情况相同，一个能有效地表达自己意思的人，肯定要比一个语言运用能力差的人更快的取得成

17、功。第23页/共50页练 习When the bell sounded,the boys rushed out of the classroom,each (carry)a number of books under his arm.carrying表伴随：铃声响过，男孩们冲出教室，每个人的腋下都夹着 几本书。Iceland lies far north in the Atlantic,with its northernmost tip actually the Arctic Circle.A.touched B.touches C.touching D.being touchedCwith引

18、导的分词独立结构：冰岛位于大西洋北边很远的地方，它的最北端实际上已经到了北极圈。第24页/共50页过过 去去 分分 词词The Past Participle第25页/共50页过去分词的形式类 别例 词意 义及物动词的过去分词madeexhaustedcaused表示被动和完成不及物动词的过去分词faded flowersan escaped prisonera well-read person表示主动和完成第26页/共50页 过去分词通常由动词原形加ed 构成，少数不规则动词的过去分词为不规则形式。过去分词一般只有一种形式，但是有的不规则动词的过去分词有两种形式，如：born 生borne

19、负担shrunk 被收缩shrunken 已收缩的rotted 被腐烂rotten 腐烂的sunk 陷下sunken 陷下的hung 悬挂hanged 绞死struck 被打击stricken 被打击的lit 燃着lighted 燃着的got 得到gotten 得到的第27页/共50页过去分词的功用过去分词在句中不可用作谓语，它相当于形容词和副词，在句中可用作表语、定语、状语、补语等。第28页/共50页过去分词（短语）作表语The travelers were completely exhausted.游客完全筋疲力尽了。The scientists were excited about th

20、e result of the experiment.科学家们对实验结果感到很兴奋。第29页/共50页现在分词和过去分词做表语 一般说来，表心理状态的动词如excite、interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思是“使激动”、“使感兴趣”，因而现在分词的意思应该是“令人激动的”、“令人感兴趣的”，而过去分词则是“感到激动的”、“感到有兴趣的”。所以，凡是表示“令人”都用-ing形式，而“感到”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若是“某人对感兴趣”，就是“someone is interested in.”，若是“某人或某物本身很有趣”，就是“somebody/something is interesti

21、ng”辨 析第30页/共50页这类词常见的有：exciting令人兴奋的感到兴奋的exciteddelighting令人高兴的感到高兴的delighteddisappointing令人失望的感到失望的disappointedencouraging令人鼓舞的感到鼓舞的encouragedpleasing令人愉快的感到愉快的pleasedpuzzling令人费解的感到费解的puzzledsatisfying令人满意的感到满意的satisfiedsurprising令人吃惊的感到吃惊的surprisedworrying令人担心的感到担心的worried第31页/共50页过去分词（短语）做定语单个的过

22、去分词做定语时通常前置及物动词的过去分词具有被动和完成被动和完成的意义，如：the unexpected loss意外损失planned economy计划经济a complicated problem复杂问题changed conditions改变了的情况armed forces武装部队canned food罐装食品stricken area灾区a delighted look高兴的神色第32页/共50页过去分词（短语）作定语不及物动词的过去分词具有主动和完成主动和完成的意义，如：fallen leaves落叶faded flowers凋谢的花newly arrived goods新到的商品

23、the exploded bomb已爆炸了的炸弹the risen sun升起的太阳departed friends离去的朋友an escaped prisoner逃犯a retired teacher退休教师returned students归国留学生an expired passport过期护照第33页/共50页过去分词短语做定语时通常后置，相当于一个定语从句The concert given by the symphony was a great success.该交响乐团举行的音乐会非常成功。A drop of water seen through microscope is fill

24、ed with living things.通过显微镜能看到一滴水里充满了各种生物。注：过去分词短语和现在分词短语都可以用作后置定语，而且它们的功能都相当于定语从句，现在分词表示 主动和正在进行，过去分词则表示被动和已完成。第34页/共50页以“名词过去分词”或“副词过去分词”组成复合形容词作前置定语。过去分词（短语）作定语state-owned enterprises国有企业a poverty-stricken place贫穷的地方quick-frozen food速冻食品a much-needed reform急需进行的改革第35页/共50页过去分词（短语）作状语过去分词（短语）做时间状语

25、：Seen under a microscope,a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape.在显微镜下观察，刚飘下的雪花呈精巧的六角形。When heated,ice will be changed into water.当冰受热时，它就会变成水。第36页/共50页过去分词（短语）做状语过去分词（短语）做原因状语Many of us,so excited,could not go to sleep that night.我们很多人是那样的激动，那天晚上都没有睡着。Gone from home so long,they joyously

26、 embraced their mates of boyhood.他们久离家乡，高兴的拥抱他们儿时的伙伴。第37页/共50页过去分词（短语）做状语过去分词（短语）做条件状语Some metropolitan newspapers would make sizable volumes if printed in book form.如果印成书的形式，有些大城市的报纸的销量会相当可观。Considered from this point,the question is of great importance.从这一点看，这个问题很重要。第38页/共50页过去分词（短语）做状语过去分词（短语）做让步

27、状语Mocked at by everybody,he had my sympathy.人人都嘲笑他，但我却很同情他。Although exhausted by the climb,he continued his journey.虽然他爬得很累，但他仍然继续前进。第39页/共50页过去分词（短语）做状语过去分词（短语）做方式状语I finished my job as requested.我按要求完成了工作。That fellow was walking with a limp as if injured.那家伙一瘸一拐的走着，似乎受了伤。第40页/共50页过去分词（短语）做状语过去分词（短

28、语）做伴随状语Found in all parts of the state,pines are the most common trees in Georgia.松树在佐治亚州最随处可见，是该州最常见的树木。He went to work,burdened with worries.他心事重重的上班去了。第41页/共50页注：过去分词短语和现在分词短语都可以用作状语，而且它们的功能都相当于状语从句，现在分词表示主动和正在进行，过去分词则表示被动和已完成。第42页/共50页过去分词的独立结构He rushed into the room,his face covered sweat.表伴随：他

29、满脸是汗跑进屋来。This done,we went home.表时间：做完此事，我们就回家了。All the savings gone,the couple started looking for jobs.表原因：积蓄全部用完了，这对夫妻开始找工作。过去分词独立结构多用于书面语，作状语表时间、条件、原因、伴随等第43页/共50页过去分词的独立结构由介词with或without引导，表伴随With everything taken into consideration,we all think this is a very good plan.每件事都考虑到了，我们都认为这是一项不错的计划。

30、She went angrily away without a word spoken.她一个字也没说，就生气地走了。第44页/共50页过去分词（短语）作宾语补语 过去分词在感官动词和使役动词等之后作宾语补语，这样的词有：have让，使keep使处于某状态get使得see看见hear听见find发现feel感觉到 leave 使处于某状态make使want想要start引起notice 注意到observe观察watch 注视set使处于某状态第45页/共50页The work left him exhausted.这个活使他筋疲力尽。The doorkeeper heard the chai

31、n and bolts withdrawn.看门人听见门上的链和栓被拉开了。It is better to leave something unsaid.有些事倒是不说的好。I dont want my name linked with him.我不要把我的名字和他联系在一起。第46页/共50页如：I had my car repaired.我把我的车修好了。（别人修的）He had his window broken to pieces.他的窗户给打破了。（别人打破的）过去分词（短语）在使役动词get或have之后作宾语补语，表示的动作往往是由别人完成的。第47页/共50页练 习 One s

32、hould never lose heart when (confront)with temporary difficulties.confronted表时间：当一个人面临暂时困难的时候绝不应该泄气。Homework on time will lead to better grades.A.done B.be done C.having done D.to have been doneA过去分词短语作后置定语：准时完成作业就会得到较好的分数。I must call you attention to the directions.Read them carefully and act as (i

33、nstruct).instructed表方式：我必须让你注意操作指南，仔细阅读然后按要求去做。注：过分短语作方式状语时，前面通常带有as/as if等从属连词，此时可视为省略的让步状语从句。第48页/共50页Anna was reading a piece of science fiction,completely to the outside world.A.being lost B.having lost C.losing D.lostD表伴随：安娜正在读一本科幻小说，对外界的一切浑然不理。Just as the value of a telephone network increases with each new phone to the system,so does the value of a computer system increase with each program that turns out.A.adding B.to have added C.to added D.addedDwith独立结构：正如同电话网络的价值随着每一部电话进入系统而提高一样，电脑系统的价值也随着每个软件程序的出现而提高。练 习第49页/共50页感谢您的观看！第50页/共50页