初中英语句子结构和句型细致讲解.pptx

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1、英语的句子基本成分有七种：主语（subject）谓语（predicate）表语（predicative）宾语（object）宾语补足语(objectcomplement)定语（attribute）状语(adverbial)那他们该怎么放置才好呢？第1页/共38页主语：是句子要说明的人或物,可以作主语的成分有名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式等，主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！1)Mr.Lee is a well-known scientist.2)He reads newspapers everyday.3)Two and ten is twelve.4)Smoking is ha

2、rmful to the health.5)To swim in that pool is a great pleasure.6)What we shall do next is not yet decided.第2页/共38页谓语:说明主语的动作，状态或特征，由动词充当。1)The new term begins on the 1st of September.2)His father is an engineer.3)She seemed happy.4)Li Hua showed me his album.第3页/共38页宾语:指的是及物动词涉及到的人或物.1)Wang Ling len

3、t me a novel to read in the bus.2)The medicine is good for a cold.3)How many pieces do you want?4)My little sister always likes to ask questions.5)Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow?6)He asked me what I was going to do tonight第4页/共38页宾语补足语:在宾语后面补充说明 宾语 的动作,状态,特征.1)The government appointed her ch

4、ief delegate to the conference.2)I dont believe the story true.3)You should put your things in order.4)The doctor advised her to stay in bed for a week.5)We saw the pupils playing basketball.第5页/共38页表语：是谓语的一部分，它位于系动 词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。1)Wangs father is a doctor.2)He is always careless.3)The bask

5、etball match is on.4)All the pupils are on the playground now.5)Our aim is to win more medals.6)His work is teaching French.7)The question is who can really repair the machines.第6页/共38页定语:是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的表示。Tom is a handsome boy.The two boys are students.His boy needs Toms pen.The boy

6、in the classroom needs a pen of yours.The boy needs a ball pen.The best boy here is Tom.There is nothing to do today.The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.This is the new dictionary which I bought yesterday.第7页/共38页状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。1)She sings quite well.2

7、)On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom.3)He sits there,asking for a pen.4)The boy needs a pen to do his homework.5)If I have some spare time,I will take up German.第8页/共38页 I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语第9页/共38页主语Find out the Subject in the foll

8、owing sentences.1.1.Jim is reading.Jim is reading.2.2.How many students passed the exam?How many students passed the exam?3.Who is on duty today?3.Who is on duty today?4.He went shopping yesterday.4.He went shopping yesterday.5.What does he like?5.What does he like?6.What happened?6.What happened?Re

9、ading is my interest.Reading is my interest.名词名词代代词词动名词动名词第10页/共38页谓语These boys like swimming.I wrote a letter just now.Mary runs very fast.Those people are talking.We can swim.They dont want to have a picnic.He stood up and walked towards me.实义动词充当谓语实义动词充当谓语谓语部分谓语部分由and and 连接并列谓语动词第11页/共38页宾语Find

10、out the Object in the following sentences.1.1.You should do it at once.You should do it at once.2.2.She did nothing.She did nothing.3.3.I will tell her something.I will tell her something.4.4.Please give me the book.Please give me the book.5.5.Uncle Li bought 20 sheep this year.Uncle Li bought 20 sh

11、eep this year.6.6.Tom is reading a book.Tom is reading a book.She enjoys collecting stamps.She enjoys collecting stamps.代词充当宾语代词充当宾语双宾语双宾语名词充当宾语名词充当宾语动名词短语动名词短语第12页/共38页定语1.1.We all like interesting stories.We all like interesting stories.2.2.The book on the bed is mine.The book on the bed is mine.3

12、.3.Do you know that woman?Do you know that woman?4.4.She wears a red blouse and a white skirt.She wears a red blouse and a white skirt.5.5.Jim missed the sports meeting last week.Jim missed the sports meeting last week.6.6.Toms aunt is very rich.Toms aunt is very rich.7.7.Whose book is it?Whose book

13、 is it?8.8.A good friend is someone who makes me happy.A good friend is someone who makes me happy.第13页/共38页宾语补足语1.1.He called it Mickey Mouse.He called it Mickey Mouse.2.2.I saw you out this morning.I saw you out this morning.3.3.What he did made me angry.What he did made me angry.4.4.Please put it

14、 in the drawer.Please put it in the drawer.5.5.I found all the windows broken.I found all the windows broken.6.6.He kept me waiting for half an hour.He kept me waiting for half an hour.7.7.The manager asked me to buy something.The manager asked me to buy something.第14页/共38页找出下列句子中的状语We usually get u

15、p at 6 oclock.There is a cat behind the door.I found a purse on the floor.The next day we did a lot of washing.Because of bad weather,we put off the match.时间状语地点状语地点状语时间状语原因状语第15页/共38页第16页/共38页 英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语

16、句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：+（主谓）基本句型二：+（主系表）基本句型三：+（主谓宾）基本句型四：+IO+（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：+（主谓宾宾补）s:subject v:verb P:predicative o:object(indirect)c:complement第17页/共38页基本句型 一+（主谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。第18页/共38页 （不及物动词）（不及物动词）1.Time 2.The moon 3.The man4.We all 5.Everyb

17、ody 6.I 7.They 8.He 9.He10.Theyflies.rose.cooked.eat,and drink.laughed?woke.talked for half an hour.walked yesterday is playinghave gone第19页/共38页基本句型 二+（主系表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be,look,feel,smell,taste,soundbe,look,feel,smell,taste,s

18、ound等属一类，表示情况；get,grow,become,get,grow,become,turn,goturn,go等属另一类，表示变化。be be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义另:stay,prove,remain,stand:stay,prove,remain,stand第20页/共38页（是系动词）（是系动词）(表语表语)1.This 2.The dinner3.He 4.Everything5.He 6.The book 7.The weather 8.His face is smells(闻闻)fell looks is is became

19、turned an English dictionary.good.happy.different.tall and strong.interesting.warmer.red.第21页/共38页 基本句型 三+（主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。第22页/共38页（实义动词）（实义动词）(宾语宾语)1.Who 2.She 3.He 8.He 5.They 6.Danny 7.I 4.He knows laugh at understands made ate l

20、ikes want said the answer?her.English.cakes.some apples.donuts.to have a cup of tea.Good morning.第23页/共38页 基本句型 四+IO+（主谓间宾直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。第24页/共38页（必背！）常带双宾语（直接宾语必背！）常带双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的动词（分为和间接宾语）的动词

21、（分为A、B两两类）：类）：A：动词后加：动词后加to:give 给给 show给给看看 send寄，打电报寄，打电报 bring带带 read读读pass递给递给 lend借给借给 leave留给留给 hand交给交给 tell告诉告诉return把把还给还给 write给给写信写信第25页/共38页B:动词后加for:buy给/为某人买 draw 替/给某人画 make 为某人制作【秘诀】“七给”“一带”to不少，“买”“画”“制作”for来了。【说明】常跟双宾语的动词“七给”(give,hand，lend,pass,show,send,write)和“一带”(bring)8个及物动词，在

22、直接宾语前置时，必须在后面加上to。即：“vt.+sth.+to+sb.”。buy，draw，make三个动词，在直接宾语前置时，则必须在后面加for，构成“vt.+sth.+for+sb.”句型。第26页/共38页（及（及物）物）（多（多指人）指人）（多指物）（多指物）1.She2.She 3.He 8.He 5.I 6.I 7.I 4.He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed himher husband you her him him mea new dress.a delicious meal.a dictionar

23、y.nothing.my pictures.a hand.how to run the machine.that the bus was late.第27页/共38页 基本句型 五+（主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。第28页/共38页（及物）（及物）（宾语）（宾语）（宾补）（宾补）1.We 2.They3.They 4.They5.What 6.We 7.He 8.I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the

24、door supper the house him him me them clean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.to come back soon.getting on the bus.第29页/共38页（二）（二）第30页/共38页1.They work hard.主 +谓2.The flower is dead.主+系+表3.Plants need water.主+谓+宾4.He gives me some seeds.主+谓+直宾+简宾5.We should keep the plants in the shade.主+谓+宾+宾补6.Many animal

25、s live in trees.主 +谓第31页/共38页分别选出一个正确巩固练习:一、给下列各题答案：1.We all work hard at English.A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语2.Betty likes her new bike.A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语3.Her sister is a nurse.A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语第32页/共38页4.Were you at home last night?A.主语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语5.Winter is the coldest season of the year.A.定语 B.状语

26、 C.宾补 D.表语6.He often walks in the park.A.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语7.John asked me to help him.A.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语8.He gave me some ink.A.宾语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补第33页/共38页9.His parents are doctors.A.宾语 B.表语 C.谓语 D.定语10.Ill get you some tea now.A.宾语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补第34页/共38页每天八时开始上课。Classes begin at eight ever

27、y day.布朗夫人看起来很健康。Mrs Brown looks very healthy.她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.第35页/共38页 Johnson 先生去年教我们德语 Mr Johnson taught us German last year.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。Grandma told me an interesting story last night.这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。This term I have written three letters to my parents.我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。My father has bought me a new bike.Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat.第36页/共38页谢 谢！放映结束 感谢各位的批评指导！让我们共同进步第37页/共38页谢谢您的观看！第38页/共38页