Unit-05-give me liberty or give me death (to the students).ppt

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1、Unit-05-givemelibertyorgivemedeath(tothestudents)DR-p1-2 textThequestionbeforethehouseisoneofawfulmomenttothiscountry.Formyownpart,Iconsideritasnothinglessthanaquestionoffreedomorslavery.Andinproportiontothemagnitudeofthesubjectoughttobethefreedomofthedebate.Itisonlyinthiswaythatwecanhopetoarriveatt

2、ruth,andfulfillthegreatresponsibilitywhichweholdtoGodandourcountry.ShouldIkeepbackmyopinionsatsuchatime,throughfearofgivingoffence,Ishouldconsidermyselfas guilty of treason toward my country,and of an act ofdisloyalty toward the Majesty of Heaven,which I revereaboveallearthlykings.Detailed ReadingDR

3、-p4 text4.Iaskgentlemen,sir,whatmeansthismartialarray,ifits purpose be not to force us to submission?Cangentlemen assign any other possible motive for it?HasGreatBritainanyenemyinthisquarteroftheworld,tocallforallthisaccumulationofnaviesandarmies?No,sir,shehasnone.Theyaremeantforus:theycanbemeantfor

4、noother.TheyaresentovertobindandrivetuponusthosechainswhichtheBritishministryhavebeensolongforging.Detailed ReadingDR-p5 text5.Andwhathavewetoopposetothem?Shallwetryargument?Sir,we have been trying that for the last tenyears.Have we anything new to offer upon the subject?Nothing.Wehaveheldthesubject

5、upineverylightofwhichitiscapable;butithasbeenallinvain.Shallweresorttoentreatyandhumblesupplication?Whattermsshallwefindwhich have not already been exhausted?Let us not,Ibeseechyou,sir,deceiveourselveslonger.Detailed ReadingDR-p6-1 text6.Sir,we have done everything thatcould be done toavert the stor

6、m which is now coming on.We havepetitioned;wehaveremonstrated;wehavesupplicated;wehave prostrated ourselves before the throne,and haveimploreditsinterposition toarrest thetyrannical hands ofthe ministry and Parliament.Our petitions have beenslighted;our remonstrances have produced additionalviolence

7、andinsult;oursupplicationshavebeendisregarded;andwehavebeenspurnedwithcontemptfromthefootofthethrone!Invain,afterthesethings,mayweindulgethefondhopeofpeaceandreconciliation.Detailed ReadingDR-p6-2 textThereisnolongeranyroomforhope.Ifwewishtobefree,if we mean to preserve inviolate those inestimablepr

8、ivilegesforwhichwehavebeensolongcontending,ifwemeannotbaselytoabandonthenoblestruggleinwhichwehavebeensolongengaged,andwhichwehavepledgedourselvesnevertoabandonuntilthegloriousobjectofourcontestshallbeobtainedwemustfight!Irepeatit,sir,wemustfight!AnappealtoarmsandtotheGodofHostsisallthatisleftus!Det

9、ailed ReadingDR-p7-1 text7.Theytellus,sir,thatweareweakunabletocopewith so formidable an adversary.But when shall we bestronger?Willitbethenextweek,orthenextyear?Willitbewhenwearetotallydisarmed,andwhenaBritishguardshallbestationedineveryhouse?Shallwegatherstrengthbyirresolutionandinaction?Shallweac

10、quirethemeansofeffectual resistance by lying supinely on our backs andhugging the delusive phantom of hope until our enemiesshallhaveboundushandandfoot?Sir,wearenotweak,ifwemakeaproperuseofthosemeanswhichtheGodofnaturehathplacedinourpower.Detailed ReadingDR-p7-2 textThreemillionsofpeople,armedintheh

11、olycauseofliberty,and in such a country as that which we possess,areinvinciblebyanyforcewhichourenemycansendagainstus.Besides,sir,weshallnotfightourbattlesalone.ThereisajustGodwhopresidesoverthedestiniesofnationsandwhowillraiseupfriendstofightourbattlesforus.Thebattle,sir,isnottothestrongalone;itist

12、othevigilant,theactive,thebrave.Besides,sir,wehavenoelection.Detailed ReadingDR-p7-3 textIfwewerebaseenoughtodesireit,itisnowtoolatetoretirethecontest.Thereisnoretreatbutinsubmissionandslavery!Our chains are forged!Their clanging may beheardontheplainsofBoston!Thewarisinevitableandletitcome!Irepeati

13、t,sir,letitcome!Detailed ReadingDR-p8 text8.Itisinvain,sir,toextenuatethematter.Gentlemenmaycry,Peace,peacebutthereisnopeace.Thewarisactuallybegun!Thenextgalethatsweepsfromthenorthwillbringtoourearstheclashofresoundingarms!Ourbrethrenarealreadyinthefield!Whystandwehereidle?Whatisitthatgentlemenwish?

14、Whatwouldtheyhave?Islifesodear,orpeacesosweet,astobepurchasedatthepriceofchainsandslavery?Forbidit,AlmightyGod!Iknownotwhatcourseothersmaytake,butasforme,givemelibertyorgivemedeath!Detailed ReadingDR:p1AnalysisParagraph 1 AnalysisThe first paragraph,the beginning of the text,immediatelyattractstheau

15、diencesattention.Thespeakerfirstexpresseshisopinionofthegentlemenandprepareshisaudienceforadrasticallydifferentpositionfromthatofthegentlemen.Next,hereferstothequestionbeforethehouseasoneoffreedomorslavery.Then,hementionsthemotivefortheexpressionofhisopinions.Detailed ReadingDR:p2-4 AnalysisParagrap

16、hs 2-4 AnalysisThese three paragraphs,the second part of the text,dramaticallypresenttherealsituationAmericaisfacedwith.The speaker urges the gentlemen to admit the reality andadvises them not to deceive themselves.He indirectlymentionswhattheBritishMinistryhasdoneforthelasttenyears and clearly conv

17、eys his view about the dangeroussituation.He intends to disillusion the house of gentlemenandopentheireyestothecruelreality.Detailed ReadingDR:p5-7 AnalysisParagraphs 5-7 AnalysisThese paragraphs constitute the third part of this eloquentspeech.The orator first eloquently drives it home that it ispo

18、intlesstofurtherargueaboutthesubjectandtocontinuetoresorttoentreatyandhumblesupplication,thatitisfutiletoentertainthefondhopeofpeaceandreconciliation,andthatAmericansmustappealtoarmsandfightforfreedom.Next,thespeakerarguesagainstthemisconceptionthatAmericaisweak unable to cope with so formidable an

19、adversary.Then,hearguesforhisfirmbeliefthatAmericaisboundtowin.Detailed ReadingDR:p8 AnalysisParagraph 8 AnalysisThelastparagraph,thelastpartofthespeech,impressivelydescribestheurgentsituationandassertstheoratorsattitudetowardlifeandfreedom.Inaddition,itcallsonpeopletofightheroicallyanddaretosacrifi

20、ceforfreedom.Detailed ReadingDR-Questions-1Detailed ReadingParagraph 1:QuestionWhy does the speaker think that he should express hisopinionsboldly?To the speaker,America is at a critical juncture,and hethinksheisduty-boundtosavehismotherlandandthatheshouldbefaithfultoGod.Shouldheholdbackhisopinionsa

21、t such a time,through fear of giving offence,he shouldconsiderhimselfasguiltyoftreasontowardhiscountry,andofanactofdisloyaltytowardtheMajestyofHeave,whichhereveresaboveallearthlykings.DR-Questions-2Detailed ReadingParagraph 2:QuestionAccording tothespeaker,whatshould thewisegentlemendo?The wise men

22、should neither shut their eyes against apainful truth nor listen to the song of that siren till shetransformsthemintobeasts.They ought to see and hear the things which so nearlyconcerntheirtemporalsalvation.Whateveranguishofspiritit may cost,the wise men should be willing to know thewholetruth,tokno

23、wtheworstandtoprovideforit.DR-discussion-3Detailed ReadingParagraph 3:DiscussionWhat does Patrick Henry imply by the word“lamp”in hisspeech?Lampmetaphoricallyreferstoonesexperiencesthatguidesones course of action.The past conduct of the Britishministryhasproveditselfuntrustworthy.Wemustcallinourforc

24、estofightback.DR-Questions-3-4Detailed ReadingParagraphs 3-4:QuestionWhatistheactualsituationAmericaisconfrontedwith?Americaisconfrontedwithwarlikepreparations,whichcovertheirwatersanddarkentheirland.Britishfleetsandarmiesareinbattlearray,readytooverwhelmtheAmericans.Theyaresentovertobindandrivetupo

25、nthemthosechainswhichtheBritishministryhasbeensolongforging.DR-Questions-6Detailed ReadingParagraph 6:QuestionWhatisthemainideaofParagraph6?The writer illustrates clearly that everything that could bedonehasbeendoneinordertoavertthefastapproachingwar.Headvisesthegentlementoabandontheirfondhopeofpeac

26、eandreconciliation.HeurgestheAmericanpeopletofightforfreedomwithgreatdetermination.DR-Questions-7Detailed ReadingParagraph 7:QuestionWhy does the orator hold the view that America is strongenoughtocopewithsoformidableanadversary?The Americans are not weak if they make proper use ofthose means which

27、the God of nature has placed in theirpower.Besides,theywillnotfighttheirbattlesalone.ThereisajustGodwhopresidesoverthedestiniesofnationsandwhowillraiseupfriendstofighttheirbattlesforthem.Thebattleisnottothestrongalone;itistothevigilant,theactive,thebrave.DR-Questions-8-1Detailed ReadingParagraph 8:Q

28、uestions1.Whatisthemainideaofthelastpart?There is no longer any possibility for peace,the war hasactually begun,and that Americans must take actionimmediatelyandfightforfreedom.DR-Questions-8-2Detailed ReadingParagraph 8:Questions2.Whatdoesthelastsentencetellus?Thelastsentencedeclaresthespeakersatti

29、tudetowardlifeand freedom and meanwhile calls on people to fight forfreedom.DR-Questions-8-3Detailed ReadingParagraph 8:Questions3.HowwouldyoudescribethetoneofHenrysspeech?The speech is filled with patriotic passion and urgency,severecriticism,andappealingsensation.DR-Questions-8-4Detailed ReadingPa

30、ragraph 8:Questions4.How does the beginning related to the concludingparagraph?Both present the sharp contrast:the actual situation andwhatgentlemenclaim.Sametopicfreedom.LPT-nomanthinkshighlythanIdoDetailed Reading“NomanthinksmorehighlythanIdoofthepatriotism,aswellasabilities,oftheveryworthygentlem

31、enwhohavejustaddressedthehouse.”Paraphrase No man admires more than I do the patriotism andabilities of the noble gentlemen who have just deliveredspeechestothehouse.LPT-worthyDetailed Readingworthyadj.(usu.jocular)deservingrespect,recognition,orconsideratione.g.1.Theyareworthy citizensofthetown.2.W

32、eareengagedinaworthycause.3.Shehasaworthyrecordofachievements.beworthyofsth./todosth.:deservesth.ortodosth.1.Herachievementsare worthy ofthehighestpraise.2.Shewas not worthy toacceptthehonorofferedher.e.g.LPT-addressDetailed Readingaddressvt.tomakeaspeechtoapersonoranaudience,esp.formallye.g.1.Thech

33、airmanwillnowaddressthemeeting.2.ThePresidentisnowaddressingthenation.LPT-houseDetailed Readinghousen.agroupofpeoplewhomeettodiscussorpasslawsInthisspeech,thehousereferstotheHouseofBurgesses,therepresentativeassemblyofcolonialVirginia.Andhere,the house is used as a case of metonymy.See moreexamplesb

34、elow:1.TheHouseofCommons/Lordsarediscussingthelaw.2.TheHouse ofRepresentativespassedthreelawsatthelastsession.LPT-I shall speakDetailed Reading“Ishallspeakforthmysentimentsfreelyandwithoutreserve.”ParaphraseIshallexpressmyopinionsfreelyandfully.LPT-sentimentsDetailed Readingsentiments n.points of vi

35、ew,opinions;an attitude oropinionusuallyinfluencedbyemotion1.Whatareyoursentimentsonthisissue?2.Shemadeaspeechfullofloftysentiments.e.g.LPT-entertainDetailed Readingentertainvt.toholdsth.inthemindorfeelings1.Sheentertainssomedoubtsaboutourscheme.2.Theyentertainprejudicesagainstus.e.g.LPT-this is no

36、time for ceremonyDetailed Reading“Thisisnotimeforceremony.”Paraphrase This is not a time for formalities;this is a time for apromptdecisionandimmediateactions.LPT-ceremonyDetailed Readingceremonyn.theformaltraditions,actions,orwordsusedtocelebrateatraditionalorreligiousevente.g.TheycelebratedEasterw

37、ithlavishceremony.LPT-The question before the house Detailed Reading“Thequestionbeforethehouseisoneofawfulmomenttothiscountry.”ParaphraseThequestionthehouseisfacedwithisanissueofvitalimportancetothiscountry.LPT-And in proportion to the magnitudeDetailed Reading“Andinproportiontothemagnitudeofthesubj

38、ect”inrelationtotheimportanceofthesubject(inrelationtothesignificanceofthetopic)ParaphraseLPT-magnitudeDetailed Readingmagnituden.alargesize;(degreeof)importancee.g.1.The magnitude of the epidemic was unexpectedlyfrightening.2.You dont seem to appreciate the magnitude of herachievement.LPT-It is onl

39、y in this way that we can hope Detailed Reading“Itisonlyinthiswaythatwecanhopetoarriveattruth,andfulfillthegreatresponsibilitywhichweholdtoGodandourcountry.”Paraphrase Only in this way can we hope to reach the truth andperformthegreatcommitmentforwhichweareresponsibleforthesakeofGodandourcountry.LPT

40、-Should I keep back my opinions“ShouldIkeepbackmyopinionsatsuchatime,throughfearofgivingoffence,Ishouldconsidermyselfasguiltyoftreason toward my country,and of an act of disloyaltytoward the Majesty of Heaven,which I revere above allearthlykings.”Detailed ReadingParaphraseIfIshouldremainsilentatsuch

41、acriticaltime,forfearofoffendingothers,Ishouldconsidermyselftobeamanwhohasbetrayedhisowncountryandwhohascommittedasin of betraying God,whom I venerate（崇敬）moredeeplythanallkingsonEarth.LPT-treasonDetailed Readingtreasonn.treacherytoonescountry;atreacherous,i.e.,andactofbetrayingonescountrye.g.1.Thetr

42、aitorcommittedtreasonduringtheAnti-JapaneseWar.2.Thepatriotwouldratherdiethancommitanoffenceoftreason.LPT-it is natural to man to indulge Mr.President,itisnaturaltomantoindulgeintheillusionsofhope.Detailed ReadingParaphraseMr.President,itisquitenormalthatmanshouldallowhimselftoentertaindelusiveorfal

43、sehopes.illusionn.afalseidea,belieforimpression;falseperceptione.g.1.Ihavenoillusionsaboutmyability.2.Inthehotsunthesurfaceoftheroadseemswet,butthatisonlyanillusion.3.Iwasundertheillusionthathewashonest.LPT-we are apt toDetailed Reading“Weareapttoshutoureyesagainstapainfultruth,andlisten to the song

44、 of that siren till she transforms us intobeasts.”ParaphraseWetendtoturnablindeyetoapainfulreality,andlistento the song of that sea nymph until she changes uscompletelyintobeasts.LPT-be apt toDetailed Readingbeapttodosth.:tobelikelyorhaveatendencytodosth.e.g.1.Sheis apt tobeforgetful,careless,andqui

45、ck-tempered.2.Mypenisratherapt toleak.LPT-SirenDetailed Readingsirenn.(inGreekmythology)oneofa number of winged women whosesongsluredsailorstotheirdestruction;womanregardedasfascinatinganddangerousThissentenceisactuallyanallusionto Homers Odyssey,in which theenchantress Circe charms men withhersonga

46、ndturnsthemintoswine.LPT-Are we disposed to be Detailed Reading“Arewedisposedtobeofthenumberofthosewhohavingeyesseenot,andhavingearshearnot,thethingswhichsonearlyconcerntheirtemporalsalvation?”ParaphraseArewepreparedtobeamongthosewhoturnablindeyeandadeafeartothethingsthataresocloselyrelatedtothesalv

47、ationoftheirowndestiny?This rhetorical question is devised on the basis of theBiblicalstory,inwhichtheprophetaddressesthosewhohaveeyestosee,butseenot,whohaveearstohear,buthearnot.ExplanationLPT-be supposed to doDetailed Readingbedisposedto:towantorbepreparedtodosth.e.g.1.Iam not disposed tomeetthema

48、tthemoment.2.Youaremostwelcometojoinusifyoufeelso disposed.LPT-their temporal salvationDetailed Readingtheirtemporalsalvation:salvationoftheirreality;salvationoftheirlifeanddestinytemporal:relating to practical matters or material things;earthly,worldlye.g.Temporal power and wealth are more importan

49、t to somepeoplethanaspiritualpromiseoflifeafterdeath.LPT-I have but one lamp by which my feet Detailed Reading“Ihavebutonelampbywhichmyfeetareguided,andthatisthelampofexperience.”ParaphraseIhaveonlyonelampthatguidesmywayforward,andthat lamp is none other than that of experience./Experienceislikealam

50、pthatlightsupmywayforward.LPT-I know of no way of judging of the futureDetailed Reading“Iknowofnowayofjudgingofthefuturebutbythepast.”ParaphraseAsfarasIknow,thereisnowaytojudgethefutureexceptbythepast./Inmyopinion,thereisnomeansofjudgingthefutureexceptbyhistory.LPT-I wish to know what there has been