东北师范大学《高级英语》练习题及答案.docx

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1、高级英语练习题uncompromisingindependent答案见题后I. SynonymsABI.harrya.definite2.extolb.eatable3.inherentlyc.ripe4.matured.worry5.ediblee.praise6.pronouncedf.temporary7.retractiong.withdrawing8.transienth.predetermine9.angeiiei.heavenly10.ordainj-innatelyAB1.diversitya.different2.peeveb.bear3.novicec.irritation

2、4.pessimisticallyd.feather5,.squandere.variety6.elatef.beginner7.discrepantg-depressingly8.sustainh.stimulate9.tieri.waste10.plumej-shelfABI.bleaknessa.evil2.dingyb.help3.blandc.mild4.guffawd.gloominess5,.underscoree.dusty6.notionf.violently7.vehementlyg.laugh8.sinisterh.idea9.gratifyi.emphasize10.b

3、efriendj-satisfyII. AntonymsAB1.agenes will not have the disease, but will be a carrier. If both parents arc carriers, one in four of their children will have cystic fibrosis, two will be carriers, and one will be normal.(4) Some diseases, such as the bloodclotting disorder, hemophilia, arc sex-link

4、ed recessive defects carried on the female X chromosome. These genes generally produce disease only in male children when the X chromosome bearing the faulty gene pairs with the fathers Y chromosome. Half the sons of a female hemophilia carrier risk the disease; half the daughters may be carriers.(5

5、) Many genetic defects, such as the hemophilia of European royalty, can be traced back through the family tree. And a genetic counselor can calculate probable risks for couples even before they have defective children. But faulty genes may also occur without warming by mutation in any generation. Dr

6、. Kurt Hirschhorn of New York Citys Mount Sinai School of Medicine noted that everyone carries from three to eight deleterious recessive genes which will not make their presence known unless they combine with similarly defective genes at conception and the child is born with a defect.(6) In recent y

7、ears, researchers have detected a number of disorders caused by an extra chromosome, or lack of part of a chromosome. Mongolism, a form of retardation accompanied by short stature, a flattened nose and broad hands and feet, is caused by an extra chromosome. The parents of such a child have little in

8、creased risk of having another Mongloid, but in a few cases, (he Mongolism can be passed on from generation to generation by carriers. One in three of the carriers children is Mongoloid, one is a carrier and one is normal.(7) Until recently, much of genetic counseling has relied on estimates based o

9、n (he law of averages. But researchers have begun to develop lab tests fro carriers. There are blood, urine and other tests which show promise in detecting more than 100 genetic diseases, including cystic fibrosis, phenylketonuria (PKU), hemophilia and some forms of muscular dystrophy. As a result,

10、a genetic counselor can tell the sister of a man with hemophilia with reasonable certainty whether she is a carrier.(8) Researchers are also detecting genetic defects even before a child is born. By amniocentesis, a process in which a needle is inserted through the mothers abdomen and into her uteru

11、s, researchers can withdraw samples of the fluid surrounding the fetus. By growing these fetal cells in tissue culture, researchers can detect chromosome defects or chemical abnormalities. 4Intra-uterine detection,notes Dr. Hemy L. Nadler of Northwestern University Medical School, “brings a new dime

12、nsion to genetic counseling. The physician may now inform the parents that they will have either an affected or a normal child.”One of Nadlers patients was a 39-year-old pregnant woman who was found to carry the extra chromosome that causes Mongolism. As a result of the diagnosis, the woman had a th

13、erapeutic time, his studies showed that she would give birth to a Norman child. He was right.1. There are 10 incomplete statements, followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer.1) Paragraph 1 (ells (he main idea that.A. all physical and mental abnormalities are caused by def

14、ective genesB. Genetic counseling could decrease the number of people born with genetic defectsC. Many babies are born with diseasesD. Genetic counseling is expensive and not available in most hospitals in the U.S.2) Achondroplastic dwarfism, for example, is caused by a dominant gene an any child wh

15、o inherits it will have the disease?, This is used as an example to support which of the following statements.A. ”Many diseases arc the result of a single defective gene on one of the chromosomes.”“The genes that help determine a persons individual characteristics - from the color of his eyes to the

16、 score he makes on an IQ test - are located on chromosomes within the cells of his body.”B. ”Half of a persons chromosomes come from his father, half from his mother.”A genetic counselor confronted by a parent with such a disease could warn that half of his children risk the disease.3) According to

17、Paragraph 3,A. any child who inherits the recessive genes will be diseased.B. recessive genes are dangerous because they cause all the lung problems.C. a child will become a carrier if both of his parents are carriers.D. a child who inherits only one of these recessive genes will be a carrier.4) The

18、 best classification for the information in Paragraph 4 is.A. hemophilia: bloodclotting disorderB. hemophilia: female X chromosomeC. sex-linked recessive defects: hemophiliaD. hemophilia: male Y chromosomeThe main idea of Paragraph 5 is.A. ”Many genetic defects. can be traced back through the family

19、 tree.,B. faulty genes may also occur without warning by mutation in any generation.”A genetic counselor can calculate probable risks for couples even before they have defective children/*C. All of the above.5) It is evident from the context in Paragraph 6 that Mongoloid refers to.A. a retarded pers

20、onB. an OrientalC. a person from MongoliaD. extra chromosomeThe best classification of the information in Paragraph 7 is.A. success of genetic counselingB. hemophilia risks fbr carriersC. genetic counseling fbr carriersD. lab tests fro carriersWhat is the relationship between Paragraph 9 and 8?A. Th

21、ey are not connected.B. Paragraph 9 is a counter-example disagreeing with the two previous statements in Paragraph 8.C. Paragraph 9 is an example supporting the two previous statements in Paragraph 8.D. Paragraph 9 is a summary of the article.6) We can infer from the article that.A. experts in this

22、field are mostly reliableB. experts in this field are not at all reliableC. genes arc inherited, they cant be changed or controlledD. faulty recessive genes are in to be found in every human bodyThe subject of this article is.A. genetic delenninalion of individual characteristicsB. sex-linked recess

23、ive defectsC. new developments in genetic analysis and counselingD. diseases inherited from genesThere is one underlined part in each of the following sentences, followedby four choices A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is the closest in meaning to the underlined part.1) A genetic counselor confron

24、ted by a parent with such a disease could warn that half of his children risk the disease.A. challenged byB. encountered withC. accused byD. blamed bySome diseases, such as the bloodclotting disorder, hemophilia, are Sex-linked recessive defects carried on the female X chromosome.A. hidden faulty ge

25、nes in (he female sexthe female X chromosome likely to be infectedB. the faulty genes carried by both sexes.C. the faulty genes hidden in the female X chromosome which produce disease only in male children when the X chromosome bearing the faulty gene pairs with the fathers Y chromosome.2) Eveiyone

26、carries from three to eight deleterious recessive genes which will not make their presence known unless (hey combine with similarly defective genes at conception and the child is born with a defect.A. make people aware of their existenceB. present themselvesC. arouse peoples concernD. be detected th

27、rough equipmentsIntra-utcrine brings a new dimension to genetic counseling.A. sizeB. measurementC. expanseD. perspectiveAs a result of the diagnosis, the woman had a therapeutic abortion.A. an unexpected lose of her childB. a medical operation to remove a fetus from a womans uterusC. a successful op

28、eration to save her childD. an unsuccessful operation and diedTranslate the following sentences into Chinese.1) The genes that help determine a persons individual characteristics - from the color of his eyes to (he score he makes on an IQ test - are located on chromosomes within the cells of his bod

29、y.2) A child who inherits only one of these recessive genes will not have the disease, but will be a carrier.3) But faulty genes may also occur without warning by mutation in any generation.4) In recent years, researchers have detected a number of disorders caused by an extra chromosome, or lack of

30、part of a chromosome.5) By amniocentesis, a process in which a needle is inserted through the mothers abdomen and into her uterus, researchers can withdraw samples of the fluid surrounding the fetus.注：期末试题题型及分值比率:10%近义词补全单词补全单词10%判断对错10%完型填空20%解释题:10%阅读理解题:40%高级英语练习题参考答案L Synonymsl.d2.e3j4.e5.b6.a7-

31、g8.f9.ilO.hl.a2.e3.f4.i5.b6.h7j8 g9.dlO.cl.d2.e3.c4g5.i6.h7.f8.a9J10 bIL Antonymsl.e 2.g 3.d 4.i 5.a 6.f 7.b 8.c 9.j lO.hl.e 2. a 3.d 4.i 5.g 6.f 7.b 8.c 9.j lO.hm. Definitionl.a2.g3.j4.b 5.e 6.c 7.i 8.d9.hlO.fIlk12.n13.114.m 15.q 16.o 17.r 18.p 19.sIV. Rhetorical Devices1. metaphor2. metonymy3. per

32、sonification4.repetition5. metaphor6. oxymoron7.parallelism8. simile9. hyperbole10. metaphor11. oxymoron12. euphemism13. irony14.personification15. zoosemy16. simileV. Explanation1. This strategy is not new; it dates back to ancient times.2. Youll find out what kind of person someone is if you know

33、who his or her heroes are。3. The gorilla always appears in horror films and adventure books as a monster in fixed form _ half-man, half-gorilla.4.1 was so tired that my mind stopped functioning as if I were under the effect of an anesthetic.5. The essential points of the poem s content escape me, bu

34、t the beautiful reading (or the deep impression) remains in my memory (or its impact on my life can still be felt).6. Dancing can never lead to a war.7. All the arguments a Christian might use to defend vivisection are thus destroyed in advance.8. One cannot change his mind and return home to be sav

35、ed. Cfuture deliverances” has a biblical connotation: as is said in the Old Testament God rescued the people of Israel by bringing there back to the Promised Land.)What most of us eat and drink contains the right amount and kind of food and drink necessary for health.9. sit comfortablyVI. Choose a.

36、b, cor d which is closest in meaning to the undedined words in the following sentences, l.d 2.b 3.c 4. a 5. dVH. Reading Comprehension.Passage 1.A 2).B 3).D 4).D 5). D2.1) new adj.2) the commonest (mind people)3) Literature is a collection of writing, and it may be divided into two categories-one is

37、 literature as knowledge and the other is literature as powerwhich can be combined together and also can be against each other.4) What Milton gives us is not knowledge but power.3.1) metaphor: rudder, oar, sail2) parallelism: The fimction of the first is.; the function of the second .What we owe to

38、Nfilton is not.; what we owe to .3) analogy: Every pulse and each separate influx is a step upwards.4) allusion: Jacobs ladder5) pun: plane (level a flying vehicle)punPassage 2C 2)C3)A 4)B 5)C 6) C 7)A 8)D 9)B10)C2.1)B2)A3)D4)B5)B3.1)亚里士多德本可以用查查他夫人有多少颗牙比这一最简单的方法来避免犯“女人的牙齿比男人的少”这 一错误。2)我们都易于犯这样可怕的错误一

39、一想当然地认为你了解某事，而事实却并非如此。3)如果像大多数人一样，你对此类事情深信不疑，就有办法使你意识到自己的偏见。4)令你从某种独断主义中摆脱出来的良策便是你能意识到社会圈中与你不同的意见。5)对夸赞你的自直方面的意见要保持警惕。不管男人还是女人，十有八九都深信他们要优于异性。Passage 31.1)B 2) A 3)D 4)C5)D 6)A 7)D 8)C 9) A 10)C2.1)B 2)D 3) A 4)D 5)B3.略I. SynonymsAB1.dilemmaa.whirl2.intrepidb.quandary3.holocaustc.discard4.affluentd.

40、massacre5.pietye.bias6.swirlf.rich7.prejudiceg-mandh.loyalty9.eliminatei.express10.couchj-orderAB1.reprisala.rich2.noveltyb.predecessor3.alternativec.pastoral4.amnesiad.revenge5.elusivee.articulate6.antecedentf.Forgetfulness7.pervadeg-originality8.affluenth.option9.bucolici.imbue10.enunciatej-puzzli

41、ngII. Complete the Words1. c v/. to supply amusement2. s n. the act or process of reducing excitement, nervousness, or irritation3. c a. lasting for a long time4. t n. general agreement not to discuss sth., do sth.5. b vt. to block off or close off with objects; put up barriers in6. e n. (he use of

42、a pleasanter, less direct name for something thought to beunpleasant7. a a. called by this term, but perhaps improperly so8. g n. a part of a city in which a group of people live who arepoor and /orare not acceptedas full citizens1.1 a. worthy of or deserving praise10. s n. the feeling of having had

43、 too much11. m n. characteristic attitude of mind12. a vi. to go up to and speak to (esp. a stranger)13. in n. an article or short book on one particular subject or branch of a subject (science,medical, etc.) that the writer has studied deeply14. s vt. to take the place of (often by tricks or deceit

44、)15. p n. any activity (o which one gives ones time, whether as work or for pleasure16. d n. a crowd of people moving or acting together17. r v. make a fair return for (something lost, damage done,injury received, etc.)18. h a. arranged in order of rank, grade, class, etc.19. e v. avoid being caught

45、 by, escape from, by means of a trick20. r n. feel sorry for sin and seek forgiveness111. True or False1. According to the Mr. Ropers survey, newspaper ranks second among the major forms of mass media in terms of popularity.2. Partisanship or rabid bias in network newscasts or network commentaries i

46、s not as intense as (ha( in newspapers.3. When the author of Lesson One mentions that newspapers have two great advantages over television, she really means it.4. The authors of Lesson Four agree with neither of the two discrepant views on old age.5. The quality of late life is determined by a combination of many elements.6. The mental problems of (he old are untreatable.7. American food is tasteless and innutritions.8. Once talented young blacks have left watts, they are not expected to return home and actually no one has done so.9. It is